Maintenance,Repair,and Reinforcement Measures for Dilapidated Small and Medium-Sized Bridges

The paper initiates by exploring the importance of maintaining,repairing,and reinforcing bridges.Subsequently,it delves into routine and preventative maintenance measures tailored for small to medium-sized bridges.Additionally,the paper examines repair and reinforcement techniques specifically designed for deteriorated small and medium-sized bridges,encompassing methods for fortifying both the bridge foundation and upper and lower structures.Lastly,the paper proposes suggestions aimed at fostering discussions and exchanges on the development of maintenance and repair processes for deteriorated small and medium-sized bridges.

Analysis of Road Bridge Repair and Strengthening Construction Technology

Highway infrastructure plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the social economy.Therefore,China has invested a lot of financial resources in the construction of road and bridge projects in recent years,resulting in the rise in scale and number of road and bridge projects.Simultaneously,the quality of road bridges has garnered widespread attention,necessitating an exploration of common hazards associated with road bridges and the significance of their reinforcement.It is essential to delve into specific technical methods to enhance the quality and service life of road bridges.This paper elaborates on the common hazards faced by road bridges and proposes maintenance and reinforcement strategies to promote the healthy development of road bridge engineering.

Analysis on Effectiveness of Testing and Evaluation of Bridge Repair and Reinforcement

Bridge engineering is an important part of basic engineering in today’s transportation field,and its quality and performance have a vital impact on the improvement and development of modern transportation engineering.With the continuous development of transportation engineering,the maintenance and reinforcement of existing bridges are also being given more emphasis.In order to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of bridge maintenance and reinforcement,this paper analyzes its detection and evaluation,including the significance,key points,and main methods of detection and evaluation.Therefore,this analysis aim to provide some reference for the maintenance and reinforcement and the quality improvement of bridge engineering.

Reinforcement Effect Evaluation on Dynamic Characteristics of an Arch Bridge Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration Analysis

To numerically evaluate the reinforcement effect on dynamic characteristics of a concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge with vibration problems,a 12-degree-of-freedom sprung-mass dynamic vehicle model and a 3D finite element bridge model were established.Then,the coupled equations of vehicle-bridge interaction were derived and a computer program was developed using the FORTRAN language.This program can accurately simulate vehicle-bridge coupled vibration considering the bumping effect and road surface irregularity during motion of the vehicle.The simulated results were compared with those of relevant literatures to verify the correctness of the self-developed program.Then,three reinforcement schemes for the bridge(Addition of longitudinal beams,Reinforcement of bridge decks,and Replacement of suspenders)were proposed and numerically simulated,and the vibration reduction effects of the three schemes were evaluated based on the numerical results to find effective ones.It is confirmed that the reinforcement scheme of Addition of longitudinal beams shows the most significant vibration reduction effect.It is recommended in the engineering practice that the combination of the reinforcement schemes of Addition of longitudinal beams and Replacement of bridge deck can be used to solve the excessive vibration problem.

Reinforcement and numerical analysis on the corbel of a halfthrough arch bridge

Corbels support the crossbeams of half-through arch bridges. They are prone to cracking easily due to their characteristics and complicated loading conditions. Based on a practical diagnosis of a bridge crossbeam, we bonded steel plates onto bridge corbels to strengthen them. We carried out a numerical analysis on the effectiveness of the reinforcement by using the commercial sof^are ANSYS. The numerical analysis shows that the stresses near the section break increased slightly, but the variation amplitude was small and all the stresses were within an allowable range. The loading test indicates that it is feasible to strengthen the corbel with vertical bonded steel plates. Therefore, the reinforcement is effective and economical. This reinforcement method is suitable for this type of corbel and can be applied in similar cases.

The Detection Evaluation and Reinforcement Research of Kankan River Bridge

This design is about Chongqing Wanzhou district KanKan river crossing test evaluation and reinforcement renovation. The bridge is an open spandrel stone arch bridge. After years of operating, defects arise from different parts. To verify whether the bridge meets the bearing capacity of highway grade I standard, this design firstly evaluates the bridge through the apparent diseases. Then it uses Midas/Civil to calculate the bearing capacity of lateral control section for Zhou Jiaba arch foot, L/4 and arch section. Using Midas/Civil control section load calculation, load test plan is made. In the end, by increasing cross-section method, the bridge reinforcement maintenance plan is made;that is increasing abdominal 26 cm concrete layer in the main arch ring of arch so that the bridge meets grade I highway capacity requirements.

Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

Analysis on Construction Technology of Reinforced Concrete Tied Arch Bridge

Bridge construction has received a lot of attention as transportation continues to improve.Reinforced concrete linked arch bridges are a common bridge style in today’s bridge construction.This type of bridge not only has a basic and generous shape,but it is also incredibly easy to construct,resulting in significant material and construction cost savings.This article analyzes the construction technology of a reinforced concrete linked arch bridge in order to achieve good construction and application.It is hoped that this analysis can provide a scientific reference for the guarantee of the construction quality and subsequent application effect of this kind of bridge.

钢筋混凝土拱桥加固施工次序方案及效果评价

为研究钢筋混凝土拱桥最优的加固施工次序,以一座在役4跨箱形拱桥的加固方案为背景,设计了3组针对性的加固方案,并对不同拆除加固施工次序下的主拱圈力学性能进行了分析;采用恒载应力变化率(αD)和荷载效应变化率(αN)评价了施工中拱圈的应力变化规律及加固后原拱圈的荷载效应。研究结果表明:拱上结构的拆建次序对加固后主拱圈的力学性能影响较小,但对加固过程中主拱圈的受力状态影响较大;拱顶对称拆除时αD<0,结构处于“卸载”状态,有利于拱桥施工中的受力;αN随着拱上结构恒载减小而增大,且增速减缓,故加固层材料利用率也随拱上结构恒载减小而增大,且增幅变缓;αN越大,则加固效果越好。

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions.In particular,concrete-filled steel tubular(CFST)arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete(SRC)arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology,engineering materials,and construction equipment over the past 30 years.Under the leadership of the author,two record-breaking arch bridges—that is,the Pingnan Third Bridge(a CFST arch bridge),with a span of 560 m,and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge(an SRC arch bridge),with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years,embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges.This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China.The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods,new in-tube concrete materials,in-tube concrete pouring techniques,a novel thrust abutment foundation for nonrocky terrain,and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities.The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection,the development of encasing concrete materials,encasing concrete pouring,arch rib stress mitigation,and longitudinal reinforcement optimization.To conclude,future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

索-悬链线拱联合结构的受力机理与力学特征

早期拱桥已运营多年,缺乏有效的养护,且设计荷载等级偏低;随着交通量的增加及车辆超载,其在活载作用下的力学性能已不能满足现代交通需求。为改善此类拱桥的受力性能,提出一种索-悬链线拱联合结构,在拱肋两侧对称设置索,使索和拱肋形成新的受力体系,从而改变悬链线拱结构的传力路径,进而降低拱结构的内力。在索-拱联合结构图式下,基于弹性中心法对其力法方程进行简化,采用近似曲线积分方法推导了竖向移动荷载作用下拱肋的内力解析解,并借助ANSYS有限元软件验证解析解的准确性;分析了在车道荷载作用下索约束位置、拱轴系数、矢跨比和轴向刚度比等设计参数对拱结构的影响,揭示了索-拱联合结构的受力机理和内力变化规律。研究表明,内力解析解与有限元结果的相对误差在1%以内;索的设置改变了拱结构弯矩影响线量值的正、负区间分布,而且有效地降低了拱结构弯矩影响线的峰值,从而使拱结构的整体弯矩得到较大幅度的降低,弯矩分布更均匀;沿拱脚至拱顶,拱结构弯矩的降低幅度和轴力的增长幅度均逐渐减小;轴向刚度比从0.02增加至0.10,拱脚负弯矩的减小幅度呈非线性增大,最大降幅达63.7%;索力的增长幅度与其数值大小成反比,当索设置在距拱顶0.3L(L为拱跨经)时,索力可增至轴向刚度比为0.02时的1.9倍。矢跨比对拱结构内力带来的影响不容忽视,矢跨比越大拱结构的内力变化幅度越大;拱轴系数对拱结构内力的影响可以忽略。

钢筋混凝土拱桥主拱圈加固方式及效果研究

目的 寻求钢筋混凝土拱桥主拱圈最佳加固方式,以改善加固效果,给同类危旧拱桥加固提供参考。方法 基于某实际加固桥例提出3种不同卸载方式的加固改造方案,采用Midas civil软件建立有限元模型,分析不同加固方式的影响规律;对原拱圈初始应力水平、施工阶段内力、成桥状态下应力、内力及挠度进行分析;利用加固层最大应力比、荷载置换率和挠度变化率对加固效果进行评价。结果 方案三的加固层最大应力比分别比方案一、二大45.12%与52.74%,荷载置换效果最显著,最大值达3.82,挠度变化率最大。结论 选择拱上建筑拆除得越多的方式进行加固,加固效果越好;对钢筋混凝土拱桥进行加固时,应基于加固方式制定加固施工方案,同时需考虑施工工期与加固成本。

长阳天池口清江特大桥主拱圈悬臂浇筑斜拉扣挂系统设计

长阳天池口清江特大桥主桥为净跨径242 m的非对称上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥,主拱圈采用单箱单室截面,宽9.5 m、高4.0 m。资丘岸和五峰岸半跨主拱圈各分为24个和21个节段,第1个节段采用支架现浇,其余节段采用斜拉扣挂悬臂浇筑法施工。扣索采用星式和扇形组合方式布置,位于墩顶和扣塔的扣索为星式布置,位于交界墩墩身的扣索为扇形布置,并将墩身上的扣锚索设计成连续索以避免在墩身上搭设张拉平台;扣塔由8根∅800 mm×16 mm钢管组成,两岸扣塔分别高52.68 m和60.12 m;根据锚索最大索力,设计了能承受800 kN张拉力的岩锚索。建立主拱圈悬臂浇筑施工阶段MIDAS Civil有限元模型,对斜拉扣挂系统扣锚索索力进行计算,通过拆除部分扣索和调整扣锚索索力,施工期间主拱圈截面最大拉应力、扣塔最大偏位、主拱圈成拱后线形均满足要求。

拱架现浇钢筋混凝土拱圈浇筑方案优化

钢筋混凝土拱桥以其优美的造型及良好的受力特性广泛应用于山区桥梁工程中,拱架现浇法是山区拱桥常用的一种施工方法。拱圈浇筑程序的不同,影响着拱圈及拱架的受力和变形情况,以川坝大桥为背景工程,对钢筋混凝土拱圈浇筑方案进行了优化,并采用有限元软件对整个浇筑过程进行计算模拟,结果表明:拱圈浇筑方案优化后,使得拱架变形均匀,内力状态接近于拱圈满布荷载作用下工况,拱架弦杆始终受压,未出现拉应力,保证拱架不出现非弹性变形;浇筑过程中拱圈混凝土拉应力亦满足规范要求,可保证拱架及拱圈在浇筑过程中的安全性。

从“编木拱”到“编木穹”:东西方互承原理差异与新构型拓展

基于东西方文明背景下互承框架的多样表现形式,从结构构成与受力出发探究互承体系的基本特征和原理要素,进而从其原理的倾向性差异中梳理出东方加固式和西方平衡式两种互承形式,并探讨了二者的原理差异、形态差异、构型差异与适用范围,主要结论有东方以结构单元之间的互承实现加固和稳定性,其曲面曲率适应性较强;西方则以在结构单元之间以及单元内部同时构建互承且均保持力学平衡实现了跨度的拓展。由此,针对东方传统桥梁互承体系仅可适应单向曲面以及西方平衡式互承难以拟合大曲率曲面的发展瓶颈,以达·芬奇编织桥为原理基底,设计并建造了一种可适应自由曲面的新构型,且从建造视角论证了其跨度可行性与受力可行性,这一实验性构想为当代互承框架设计的未来发展提供新的方向及相应理论基础。

大跨度钢筋混凝土拱桥装配式挂篮悬臂浇筑施工技术

因地形限制、行业领域不同,悬臂浇筑钢筋混凝土拱桥的挂篮形式因结构变化而改变,很难有效二次利用,既不利于施工成本控制,也难以实现挂篮的快速设计及应用,本文提出一种装配式挂篮悬臂浇筑施工方法。以“倒三角”挂篮为模板,研制了一种适用于多种拱箱截面尺寸,能够实现三向尺寸和坡度调节,可形成制式杆件的装配式挂篮,并以此形成相应的装配式挂篮悬臂浇筑施工技术。该项技术已成功应用于贵州娅石庆特大桥与巴基斯坦Braseen桥,有效地降低了施工成本,保障了挂篮悬拼过程中的安全,解决了地形陡峭、深切峡谷及跨河流湖泊等条件下的钢筋混凝土箱形拱桥拱圈浇筑的施工难题。

套拱法在加固大跨径空腹式石拱桥中的应用

为研究大跨径空腹式石拱桥经套拱加固后的受力状态,文章以某大跨径空腹式石拱桥的套拱加固设计为依托,建立了整体有限元模型,采用双单元法模拟旧石拱圈及新加固钢筋混凝土拱圈。计算分析表明,套拱加固后,在汽车荷载及其他外荷载作用下,旧石拱圈内力和承载能力显著增强,因此该加固方案理论可行,可为今后类似工程设计提供参考。

大跨度钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥施工关键技术

我国钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥建造技术不断取得创新突破,对世界拱桥建设产生了深远影响。为掌握该桥型最新发展动态,探究其跨径不断突破背后的技术创新,文章对大跨度钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥施工重难点及关键技术进行了总结。大跨度钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥在施工中存在劲性骨架拼装难度大、管内混凝土泵送困难、外包混凝土浇筑风险高及养护困难等问题;从拱座、劲性骨架、管内及外包混凝土、墩台、主梁等施工过程提出了大跨度钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥的施工要点。针对关键施工工序,明确了对应的质量控制措施,为大跨度钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥的高质量施工提供指导;对于更大跨度的钢管混凝土劲性骨架拱桥建造,展望了钢骨架自动化焊接、大体积混凝土自生变形控制、施工期多参数监控等新技术的应用前景。

钢管混凝土吊杆拱桥检测评估及加固改造探讨

文中以贵州省普通国省干线公路桥梁定期检查服务QLDJ-01标段钢管混凝土吊杆拱桥为例,对该桥的检测评估及加固改造方案进行分析;针对病害情况,提出更换吊杆、增设加劲纵梁、主拱圈灌浆、拱座加固、混凝土构件缺陷修复等加固改造方案,以提高桥梁结构安全性。

基于悬拼钢拱架法的钢筋混凝土拱桥主拱圈现浇施工关键技术及数值模拟

钢拱架代替落地支架或节段悬臂拼装等施工方法,应用于山区跨越深水峡谷的拱圈现浇具有一定的优势,值得推广应用。该文通过介绍三岔河大桥钢拱架悬臂扣索法拼装、拱架水箱法预压和主拱圈分环分层浇筑等关键施工技术,有效地解决了跨越深水峡谷桥梁施工过程中的常见难题,并基于Midas Civil有限元方法整体建模,对其采用的关键施工技术进行了数值模拟分析,指导并监控了该桥的施工建设,可为类似工程施工及受力计算分析提供借鉴。