A power function relation between number of rounds and barrel wear amount is created based on the test data from firing of large-caliber barrels. The function is optimized to fully fit the test data. A new concept of ...A power function relation between number of rounds and barrel wear amount is created based on the test data from firing of large-caliber barrels. The function is optimized to fully fit the test data. A new concept of diameter change rate of bore is proposed and the law of barrel wear is put forward by means of comparing the diameter change rates for large-caliber barrels with different calibers. It is shown that the law of barrel wear is successful in barrel life prediction.展开更多
A numerical simulation model is proposed to predict the wear depth of gears,where Archard's wear equation and a nonlinear dynamic model are combined to establish a wear calculation model under dynamic conditions.T...A numerical simulation model is proposed to predict the wear depth of gears,where Archard's wear equation and a nonlinear dynamic model are combined to establish a wear calculation model under dynamic conditions.The dynamic meshing force,determined by the non-linear dynamic model,and the sliding coefficient are used by Archard's wear equation to calculate the surface wear.Then the dynamic meshing force and sliding coefficient would be recalculated according to the surface wear state.After repeated iterations,the simulation results show that the peak and fluctuation of the meshing force increase first,then decrease,and eventually maintain stability during the process of wear.As for the distribution of wear depth,its fluctuation also increases first and then declines.Finally,the distribution of wear depth becomes V-shaped.Comparing the trends of the two factors,it is clear that the meshing force and wear depth are closely related.Moreover,the wear rate maintains a higher constant value first and then declines to a lower constant value.展开更多
Mechanochemical reactions at the sliding interface between a single-crystalline silicon(Si)wafer and a silica(SiO2)microsphere were studied in three environmental conditions:humid air,potassium chloride(KCl)solution,a...Mechanochemical reactions at the sliding interface between a single-crystalline silicon(Si)wafer and a silica(SiO2)microsphere were studied in three environmental conditions:humid air,potassium chloride(KCl)solution,and KCl solution with an applied voltage.Compared to that from humid air,mechanochemical material removal from the silicon surface increased substantially in the KCl-immersed condition,and further increased when electrochemistry was introduced into the tribological system.By measuring the load dependence of the material removal rate and analyzing the results using a mechanically assisted Arrhenius-type kinetic model,the activation energy(E_(a))and the mechanical energy(E_(m)),by which this energy is reduced by mechanical activation,were compared qualitatively under different environmental conditions.In the KCl-immersed condition,mechanochemistry may decrease the required effective energy of reactions(E_(eff)=E_(a)−E_(m))and promote material removal mainly through improved catalysis of the mechanochemical reactions facilitated by greater availability of water molecules compared to the humid air condition.Thus,the effectiveness of the mechanochemistry is improved.In the electrochemical condition,electrochemically-accelerated oxidation of the silicon surface was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization.The results strongly suggest that electrochemistry further stimulates mechanochemical reactions primarily by increasing the initial energy state of the surface via the facilitated formation of interfacial bonding bridges,i.e.,a surface oxidation/hydroxylation process.展开更多
文摘A power function relation between number of rounds and barrel wear amount is created based on the test data from firing of large-caliber barrels. The function is optimized to fully fit the test data. A new concept of diameter change rate of bore is proposed and the law of barrel wear is put forward by means of comparing the diameter change rates for large-caliber barrels with different calibers. It is shown that the law of barrel wear is successful in barrel life prediction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51475044)
文摘A numerical simulation model is proposed to predict the wear depth of gears,where Archard's wear equation and a nonlinear dynamic model are combined to establish a wear calculation model under dynamic conditions.The dynamic meshing force,determined by the non-linear dynamic model,and the sliding coefficient are used by Archard's wear equation to calculate the surface wear.Then the dynamic meshing force and sliding coefficient would be recalculated according to the surface wear state.After repeated iterations,the simulation results show that the peak and fluctuation of the meshing force increase first,then decrease,and eventually maintain stability during the process of wear.As for the distribution of wear depth,its fluctuation also increases first and then declines.Finally,the distribution of wear depth becomes V-shaped.Comparing the trends of the two factors,it is clear that the meshing force and wear depth are closely related.Moreover,the wear rate maintains a higher constant value first and then declines to a lower constant value.
基金This work has been carried out at Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography(ARCNL),a public-private partnership of University of Amsterdam(UvA),Vrije University Amsterdam(VU),the Dutch Research Council(NWO),and the semiconductor equipment manufacturer(Advanced Semiconductor Material Lithography(ASML)).Bart WEBER acknowledges funding from the NWO VENI(Grant No.VI.Veni.192.177).
文摘Mechanochemical reactions at the sliding interface between a single-crystalline silicon(Si)wafer and a silica(SiO2)microsphere were studied in three environmental conditions:humid air,potassium chloride(KCl)solution,and KCl solution with an applied voltage.Compared to that from humid air,mechanochemical material removal from the silicon surface increased substantially in the KCl-immersed condition,and further increased when electrochemistry was introduced into the tribological system.By measuring the load dependence of the material removal rate and analyzing the results using a mechanically assisted Arrhenius-type kinetic model,the activation energy(E_(a))and the mechanical energy(E_(m)),by which this energy is reduced by mechanical activation,were compared qualitatively under different environmental conditions.In the KCl-immersed condition,mechanochemistry may decrease the required effective energy of reactions(E_(eff)=E_(a)−E_(m))and promote material removal mainly through improved catalysis of the mechanochemical reactions facilitated by greater availability of water molecules compared to the humid air condition.Thus,the effectiveness of the mechanochemistry is improved.In the electrochemical condition,electrochemically-accelerated oxidation of the silicon surface was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization.The results strongly suggest that electrochemistry further stimulates mechanochemical reactions primarily by increasing the initial energy state of the surface via the facilitated formation of interfacial bonding bridges,i.e.,a surface oxidation/hydroxylation process.
