A Brief Analysis of Energy Conservation Ways by Building Materials for Ecological Architecture

The development of society and economy in China is bringing growth to all industries. In particular, the development of China’s building industry has attracted much attention. Building materials are an important part of and widely used in the building industry. Energy conservation by building materials has become an inevitable way of sustainable development. Centering on the building industry, this paper mainly discusses in detail the energy conservation ways by ecological architecture and building materials.

Rethinking Enterprise Architecture for Sustainable Energy System Development

The development of a sustainable energy system throughout an enterprise is a complex task, which requires an agile holistic approach. Such an approach needs to include a variety of objectives including energy strategy formation and strategic decision-making, which are directly related to the analysis and management of the main areas of sustainable development： The economic, technological, environmental, and social. These multidimensional requirements of sustainability are often difficult to achieve within the enterprise, because these aspects are interrelated and influenced by various internal and external environment factors. This paper first reviews the main challenges for an energy system, and then demonstrates how a strategic agile enterprise architecture driven approach could effectively guide the sustainable energy system development. The study presented in this paper provides a holistic approach that contributes to the advancement and usage of literature dealing with issues of sustainable energy system development and agile enterprise architecture, which has not been discussed before to any great extent.

Relationship between Development of Landscape Architecture and Urban Ecological Economy

Landscape architecture industry throughout decades of rapid development has made great contributions to national environment, improvement of city and ecological conditions. Against the background of worldwide economic depression, increasing national investment, it is advocated that more investments should be input for the landscape architecture industry, and special funds set for the industry. Park and garden construction echoes with the country and people's needs for environmental beautification, ecological improvement, preservation of natural resources and sustainable development, so as to obtain the most ecological benefi ts and social benefi ts with the least input, and create beautiful living environment, as well as long-term and sustainable economic benefi ts.

Intensive Utilization of Resources and Design of Landscape Architecture

Urban ecological environment has been seriously destructed,and the objectives of "resource-conserved and environment-friendly society" have had higher requirements on the design of landscape architecture.Intensive design of landscape architecture requires the application of ecology to create better economic and ecological benefits than the original landscape system has,so as to achieve the sustainable utilization of resources and the sustainable development of environment.The authors proposed that by following the Scientific Outlook on Development the intensive utilization of land resources,mountain,water and forest resources,energy resources is the trend of future intensive design of landscape architecture,and also an approach of realizing the coordination of resource development and eco-environment conservation.

Interactive Kinetic Canopy with Industrial Architecture Legacy Preservation Approach

Architecture has long sought to improve both in terms of form,space and other elements.Meanwhile,the use of innovative techniques that enhance design is always one of the concerns in the field of design.Biomimetic and Nature-Friendly architecture have always inspired by natural organisms aims to emphasize harmony with the environment.From another approach,contemporary industrial architecture has a valuable place in this knowledge,and the restoration and preservation of this heritage is a serious subject.Using attractive methods like an integration of new technology and monumental heritage lead to a profound impact.To this end,designing a canopy using an interactive and kinetic pattern to value this theme can be effective on sustainable development goals in area.This canopy which is inspired by biomimetic pattern and natural potentials from the site,responses to external motivation and adapts its kinetic movements to follow human interactions.The innovative techniques are involved with choosing a precise geometrical frame and order,kinetic patterns suitable for the project and finally fabrication of an scale model from actual dimensions.By choosing a suitable site that houses building of contemporary industrial architecture such as a railway station,this paper aims at learning from nature to fulfill industrial heritage legacy retention that is in both physical and spiritual interaction with humans.

Teaching sustainable design in architecture education:Critical review of Easy Approach for Sustainable and Environmental Design(EASED)

In the current context of climate change and ecological awareness,designing sustainable environments is definitely understood as a shared responsibility.With the construction sector consuming half of the world's energy,the role of some key stakeholders such as architects becomes even more critical when providing responsible and relevant design for the built environment.Thus,improving the way our environments are being designed challenges some cultural systems that show evident limits,such as the training of future architects and engineers.In this research,the focus is on architecture students and aims to demonstrate how the use of a new sustainable performance simulation tool,called Easy Approach for Sustainable and Environmental Design(EASED)could contribute to educate them about innovatively sustainable design.This was assessed through the evaluation of student engagement,their use of the tool and its appropriation.Results show that individual work was not convincing,whereas success was met during group work.Limits and improvement possibilities were found in the interface of EASED as well as in the educational set up of the tool.

PASSIVE DESIGNED BUILDINGS FOR ACTIVE CITIZENS BECAME SCHOOLS OF SUSTAINABILITY:A PROPOSAL FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

1.INTRODUCTION Sustainability has been defined as the need to preserve existing natural resources so that the earth is able to continue to provide these resources for future generations.Put more simply,a sustainable system is one that survives or persists(Costanza and Patten,1995).In order to ensure the sustainability of architectural and building activity,it is essential that work in this field is conducted in accordance with the canons of basic ecology and,in addition,that its members seek to address certain cultural and relational characteristics that typify the way we live today.Architecture as a discipline combines technology and art;however,with the advent of“sustainable architecture”additional concepts from the fields of ecology,sociology,and philosophy have been incorporated.Yet,the fundamental problem is that the meanings of both the classical and the new concepts remain ambiguous,their significance shifting with our cultural evolution.Hence,the traditional Vitru-vian values of architecture(beauty,structure and utility)are no longer so obvious,especially when we are required to think in terms of sustainability.Although the question as to why architecture matters has been answered in a variety of ways(Glaeser,2011),it is our contention that in the 21st century architecture will matter more than ever,because by 2050 most of the world’s population will be con-centrated in cities.As a result,the sustainability of dwellings and cities has acquired undeniable importance.Two interacting forces influence all populations.One is the Malthusian dynamic of exponential growth until environmental limits are reached(Figure 1).The second is the Darwinian dynamics of innovation and adaptation that circumvent these limits through biological or cultural evolution.Nekola et al.,in 2013 reported that the specific manifestation of these two forces in our current society provide the context that establishes how humans may develop sustainable relationships within our finite planet(Figure 2).Consequently,a permanent and indefinite growth is impossible due to the physical and biological imperatives of our finite world.Biologists and architects and constructors usually inhabit different worlds.The latter innovate,deploy,and apply their techno-science based designs;the first,study the finite nature,propose hypotheses,and gather their evidence.And,to date,there is little to suggest that copying nature purports any advantages to architects,primarily because fully autonomous buildings or towns have yet to be built.According to the described Malthusian-Darwinian dynamic,the two critical questions that we seek to address in this paper are:i)What is the essence of a sustainable dwelling?and ii)What principles should be adhered to in making a dwelling sustainable?In other words,this study aims to elucidate the essence of sustainability in green building design implementation.

TEACHING AND RESEARCH ON SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES VIENNA-FH CAMPUS WIEN

The University of Applied Sciences in Vienna has offered university degree programs in the field of construction for more than twenty years and has thus gained great expertise in developing its curriculum. Founded in 1996, the department of Building and Design consists of six university degree programs. A major strength of the department is the possibility to adapt to recent challenges in a timely manner. As shown in Figure 1, in the winter term 2008/2009, the master’s degree program, Sustainability in the Construction Industry, was held for the first time;it was transformed into the master’s degree program, Architecture-Green Building, in 2016. In 2013/14 the bachelor’s degree program, Architecture-Green Building, started with the first students graduating in 2016. For ten years the department has focused on sustainability within the building, planning and designing processes.

Biophilic design in architecture and its contributions to health,well-being,and sustainability:A critical review

In the last ten years,‘nature’and biophilic design have received widespread attention in architecture,especially in response to growing environmental challenges.However,open questions and controversies remain regarding conceptualizing and addressing‘nature’in practice and research.This study conducts a literature review to discuss biophilic design as a theoretical framework to interpret‘nature’in architecture.The following questions are answered:(1)How has the concept of biophilic design emerged,and how can it be defined?(2)In what ways can biophilic design contribute to the goals of sustainable architecture?(3)What are the key design strategies in biophilic design?This review identifies and compares the key frameworks of biophilic design and explains their major elements.We then analyse the benefits(e.g.,enhance health,well-being,productivity,biodiversity,and circularity)of biophilic design in achieving sustainability,as framed through the UN Sustainable Development Goals.The results indicate that biophilic design is more complex and richer than the mere application of vegetation in buildings;it broadens the variety through encompassing different types of nature from physical,sensory,metaphorical,morphological,material to spiritual.Moreover,knowledge gaps are identified to motivate future research and critical reflections on biophilic design practices.

TOWARDS A FOURTH ECOLOGY: Social and Environmental Sustainability with Architecture and Urban Design

The architect has always been interested in the social and cultural dimensions while creating architecture for people to last,with the help of building science and technology.Science could solve some problems,but is yet to solve many of the problems of urbanization in human history.Perhaps many of the problems can only be solved with careful understanding of human behavior,social intercourse,and economics in relation to the urban environments and organizations,and the natural environment simultaneously.There seemed to be a divide between the way an engineer and an architect think and practice in making a building and a piece of architecture,where the former is highly mathematical,and the latter deals with cultural poetics and a whole range of social and technical issues of which the physics of the environment is but one dimension(Bay and Ong 2006).It may appear natural in this age of environmental crisis and rapid urban development in many cities that the current Ecologically Sustainable Design(ESD)system,which is mainly based on science of the physical world,would be readily accepted by the architect in practice and education.Many of the current ESD guidelines can contribute to the avoidance of a further decay of the earth,thus preventing droughts and floods,etc.,and hope to maintain the status quo of the environment for all the“business as usual”social-economic activities.With more world leaders of the developed world agreeing in principle on the need to address climate change,perhaps a lot more will be done based on the engineering models for ecologically friendly planning,commerce,industry,and design.There could be a cognitive bias3 of overconfidence and systemic error that the predominantly engineering focus to keep climate change at bay will solve the problem of sustainability in various parts of the world.The current limited concept of“ecological”or the“green”design does contribute to sustainability,but is quite limited and not the whole picture of sustainability.The concept of sustainability involves the dynamic and complex balance of environmental(man-made and natural),economic and social dimensions,from many earlier sources including the theory of the Third Ecology(Chermayeff and Tzonis 1971)about social ecology directly related to the man-made urban fabric,and recently,the much accepted pervasive framework of the Brundtland Commission Report 1987:Our Common Future,which included more discussions about the interrelatedness with economic equity and the natural environment.Foremost and ultimately it is about promoting and ensuring social quality of living now and sustaining that into the future,for all nations,the rich and the poor,through solving the matrix of social,economic,and environmental problems.From the perspective of the theory and practice of architecture,this paper discusses the following issues:1.Belief in science,disenchantment,symbol of failure of modern architecture-Pruitt Igoe;2.An anti-thesis to Pruitt Igoe-Bedok Court;3.The cultural concerns and preparametric design thinking process of the architect;4.Architecture,social science,cultural value,social capital,behavior,and ESD;5.A Fourth Ecology,multi-disciplinary research by architects,social scientists,and engineers.

Vernacular Wisdom as a Path Toward Low-energy Ecologically Sustainable Housing and Settlements: Participatory Design and Building to Rehabilitate Local Adobe Bricks in El Salvador

Globalized cultures,imaginaries,and economies are often matched to the standardization of building approaches.However,solutions that are not tailored for a specific context tend to entail environmental,economic,and social issues.Throughout human history,vernacular wisdom has produced interesting low-energy and climate-responsive architectures all around the globe:These can be seen as interesting examples in an era of global warming and overall uncertainty;at the same time,they represent accessible sustainable solutions in deprived areas of the world as well as in wealthier areas.The experience of participatory design and building process is here presented,carried on in a rural area of El Salvador,Central America.A sanitary facility for a school is designed and realized after the collectively desired recovery and improvement of one of the fruits of local vernacular wisdom in building design,i.e.,the adobe earth brick.Some potentials and limits of such experience as well as of the used technology are reviewed in the perspective of affordable and ecologically sustainable housing and settlements in the area.

SPACE CARGO TRANSPORT BAGS THROUGH MEMBRANE WATER TREATMENT ELEMENTS TO SPACE ARCHITECTURE BUILDING ELEMENT:A TOTAL PRODUCT SUSTAINABILITY AND LIFE CYCLE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION EXPERIMENT

The CTB Water Wall project is a maximal product life cycle utilization concept study by members of the space architecture design community.Its function is to demonstrate a human space activity Cargo Transport Bag(CTB)that becomes a primary water recycling membrane element after delivery of cargo,and then a permanent architectural building block for sustainable space habitation after its use in water treatment is complete.As such,it is intended as an experiment in radical life cycle product optimization in an extremely mass-constrained application environment(human space operations).It also introduces some fundamentally interesting concepts in architectural use of waste materials in extreme environments.Finally,it is in some ways a simple,tactile and visual demonstration of how far sustainable product design can be taken,if the motivation and technical justification are present.

绿色建筑(Green Architecture)研究中的几个基本问题

本文介绍了绿色建筑的概念和基本目标以及发展过程,重点探讨了绿色建筑在设计中的一些问题,还介绍了国内外绿色建筑的评估体系,并展望了绿色建筑的发展方向。

Analyzing architecture articles

In the present study, we express the quality, function, and characteristics of architecture to help people comprehensively understand what architecture is. We also reveal the problems and conflict found in population, land, water resources, pollution, energy, and the organization systems in construction. China’s economy is transforming. We should focus on the cities, architectural environment, energy conservation, emission-reduction, and low-carbon output that will result in successful green development. We should macroscopically and microscopically analyze the development, from the natural environment to the artificial environment; from the relationship between human beings and nature to the combination of social ecology in cities, and farmlands. We must learn to develop and control them harmoniously and scientifically to provide a foundation for the methods used in architecture research.

Theoretical framework of the Isfahani style: Inspiring sustainable aspects of a vernacular urban development

The Isfahani style represents a method of traditional Iranian architecture and urban development that existed in the early 20th century and is regarded as a leading model in most traditional Iranian cities. It exhibits several vigorous features contributing to its recognition as a traditional approach to sustainable architecture and urban development. This research endeavors to reveal a theoretical framework beneath these inspiring aspects using the typology of sustainable modern forms, including the hierarchy, passive design strategies, compactness, density, diversity, mixed land use, pluralism, balance, good composition, and integration over time. To this end, the study employs qualitative research methods, drawing from traditional samples, to identify innovative, energy and socially efficient, and low-impact strategies implemented in this vernacular architecture of Iran's semi-arid and hot climates. The findings revealed that the neighborhood concept as a local and plural community (Mahalla) was a vital phenomenon in Iran's urban development. Apparently, the demise of this paradigm effectively played an important role in the numerous challenges regarding the social, energy, and economic viability of modern Iranian cities. Hence, this study presented theoretical frameworks—aligned with sustainable concepts—from the Isfahani style through its analysis, classification, and interpretation, which can contribute to modern urban development.

Development and Application of Modern Building Ceramic Materials

With the increasing demand for sustainable building design,modern building ceramic materials are one of the key factors driving innovation and development in the field of architecture,thanks to their excellent performance and environmentally friendly properties.The aim of this study is to provide an insight into the development and application of building ceramic materials in modern architecture,and to assess the contribution of material innovation to architectural design and sustainability goals by synthesising and analysing recent technological advances and case studies in this field.This study adopts a systematic literature review approach to screen and analyse a large number of academic articles and practical project reports on material innovation in building ceramics.Comparative analyses of different material properties,advances in production processes and the effects of their application in real building projects reveal the potential of building ceramic materials to improve the energy efficiency,extend the service life and enhance the aesthetic design of buildings.The findings show that the environmental and energy issues facing traditional building materials,such as improved thermal efficiency and a reduction in the overall carbon footprint of buildings,can be effectively addressed through the use of new building ceramic materials and technologies.In addition,the innovative use of architectural ceramics provides architects with more design flexibility,enabling them to create architectural works that are both aesthetically pleasing and functional.In the concluding section,the paper highlights the importance of continuing to explore technological innovations in building ceramic materials and how these innovations can contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly building industry.Future research should further explore new areas of application for ceramic materials and how interdisciplinary collaboration can accelerate the practical application of these material technologies.

京广高铁沿线武汉乌龙泉镇生境质量演变特征研究

【目的】高铁作为中国重要的交通基础设施,其建设和运营不可避免对沿线环境造成不同程度的影响,如土地利用变化、生境质量变化、生物多样性干扰等,但其影响程度、范围等科学问题亟待深入研究。【方法】以京广高铁武汉江夏区生态本底良好的乌龙泉镇为研究区域,运用InVEST 3.2模型,分析2000—2010年、2010—2020年、2000—2020年研究区域生境质量的时空演变,探讨京广高铁建设对两侧生境质量的影响特征。【结果】1)研究区域用地类型转化有时段差异:2000—2010年主要是林地、湿地和水体转化为耕地,2010—2020年则是耕地向其他类转化。2)镇域生境质量先差后优:建设用地扩张使生境质量较差区域的面积持续增加,生境质量优良的林地和水体面积为先减后增。3)核心区域的生境质量变化特征与镇域表现一致。2000—2020年,高铁建设对沿线核心区生境质量的影响明显,生境质量整体变差,部分水域湿地生境质量提高。【结论】京广高铁沿线土地利用方式的改变很大程度影响了沿线的生境质量。高铁两侧用地类型及结构不同,对两侧生境质量的影响程度各不同:高铁沿线西侧随远离高铁距离的增加,生境质量呈现“先降后升”特点,而东侧则相反。分析高铁不同时间对沿线乡镇生境质量影响特征,可为沿线生物多样性保护和受损生境修复以及美丽乡村建设等提供参考依据。

生态正义导向下的城市绿地发展预测及布局策略研究——以日照市主城区为例

生态文明建设背景下,生态正义站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划当代城市绿地的科学发展。遵循生态正义的价值理念,探究生态正义对城市绿地布局的影响机制;通过基于生态正义约束规则的FLUS模型对日照市主城区城市绿地发展模拟与预测的实验研究,提出生态正义导向下的城市绿地布局策略,即普惠均绿、按需供绿、自洽留绿、就地增绿、保育遗绿。期望以国土空间专项规划为契机,丰富城市绿地布局价值体系,创新城市绿地系统布局策略。

遗产综合体构建研究--以盐城世界自然遗产为例

世界遗产管理已经进入可持续、高质量发展的新阶段,亟须探索保护与发展联动的管理模式。借鉴“旅游综合体”这一功能复合、高效互动、以点带面的旅游开发模式,在遗产地构建“遗产综合体”,即以遗产保护为核心,由与遗产相关的监测、研究、展示、服务、产业等多种设施或机构以及管理体制、利益相关者协调机制等制度环境共同构成的功能复合体。它遵循多元综合、保护与发展联动、区域促进等原则,旨在实现遗产保护与地区可持续发展的双重目标。以中国黄(渤)海候鸟栖息地(I期)为例,探讨盐城遗产综合体的现状、问题和优化对策。

乡村振兴背景下文旅小镇规划策略研究——以贵州丹寨小镇为例

在分析乡村振兴战略的基础上,结合贵州丹寨小镇规划实践,提出规划理念统筹项目全周期的重要性和必要性。首先,总体规划定位确定的发展方向和目标要符合当地社会经济文化的发展战略,为长期稳定的发展打好基础;其次,空间规划要汲取当地的空间基因打造具有传统地域风格和文化底蕴的城乡空间;再次,业态规划应把文化传承与复兴作为延续小镇活力的内生动力;最后,规划理念对招商运营决策的绝对主导,可为后续可持续发展及空间生长保驾护航。