This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s. The review begins with the first International Polar Year （IPY） in 1882-83. It then considers...This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s. The review begins with the first International Polar Year （IPY） in 1882-83. It then considers the 1890s to 1920s with the scientific expeditions focusing on ocean and sea ice conditions of Nansen, Amundsen and H. Sverdrup, and the mapping of the Queen Elizabeth Islands by Otto Sverdrup and colleagues. The period from 1911 to the mid-1920s also witnessed annual expeditions to Svalbard led by Adolf Hoel. The 1930s to 1945 period encompassed the Second International Polar Year when Arctic weather stations were established or maintained. The time interval post-World War II to 2000 witnessed major advances made possible by technical and organizational innovations. The establishment of the Norwegian Polar Institute in 1948 led to extensive research on the glaciers and snow cover in the Svalbard archipelago and to oceanographic and sea ice research in the Barents Sea and Arctic Ocean. Remote sensing methods began to be widely used from the 1980s. The new millennium saw the undertaking of the third IPY and a shift to multinational projects. New fields such as ocean-ice-atmosphere variability became active and there was much attention to high-latitude climate change in the context of global warming.展开更多
Simple passive diffusive samplers were used for the determination of SO 2, NO 2 and NH 3 in atmosphere from three stations at high latitudes and in Arctic area. The concentrations of SO 2, NO 2 and NH 3 were fou...Simple passive diffusive samplers were used for the determination of SO 2, NO 2 and NH 3 in atmosphere from three stations at high latitudes and in Arctic area. The concentrations of SO 2, NO 2 and NH 3 were found to be below 1 0, 0 3 and 2 0 μg/m 3 respectively. These values were obtained with sampling periods of 5 10 d. These preliminary data suggest that SO 2, NO 2 concentrations should be lower 2 order of magnitude than those of Beijing area, and an order of magnitude than those of other areas with less pollution in China.展开更多
This study assessed the diversity and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity of cultured fungi isolated from four aquatic environments （stream, pond, glacial ice, and estuary） in the Ny-A.lesund region （Svalbard, Norwa...This study assessed the diversity and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity of cultured fungi isolated from four aquatic environments （stream, pond, glacial ice, and estuary） in the Ny-A.lesund region （Svalbard, Norway, High Arctic）. A total of 134 fungal isolates were obtained from 13 water samples. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, these fungal isolates were identified as belonging to 47 species, with 26 belonging to the Ascomycota, 20 to the Basidiomycota, and one to the Zygomycota. The most frequently detected fungal species were Vishniacozyma sp. 2, Cadophora sp. 2, Phenoliferia sp. 1, Dioszegia sp. 2, and Mortierella sp.; these species occurred in 10, eight, seven, six, and five of the samples, respectively. Among the 134 fungal isolates, 17 isolates of 15 species displayed high α-glycosidase inhibitory activity in culture. The results suggest that diverse and distinct populations of cultured fungi are present in Arctic aquatic environments, and they include taxa that are potential sources of bioactive molecules that may be used as prototype drugs for medicinal proposals.展开更多
文摘This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s. The review begins with the first International Polar Year （IPY） in 1882-83. It then considers the 1890s to 1920s with the scientific expeditions focusing on ocean and sea ice conditions of Nansen, Amundsen and H. Sverdrup, and the mapping of the Queen Elizabeth Islands by Otto Sverdrup and colleagues. The period from 1911 to the mid-1920s also witnessed annual expeditions to Svalbard led by Adolf Hoel. The 1930s to 1945 period encompassed the Second International Polar Year when Arctic weather stations were established or maintained. The time interval post-World War II to 2000 witnessed major advances made possible by technical and organizational innovations. The establishment of the Norwegian Polar Institute in 1948 led to extensive research on the glaciers and snow cover in the Svalbard archipelago and to oceanographic and sea ice research in the Barents Sea and Arctic Ocean. Remote sensing methods began to be widely used from the 1980s. The new millennium saw the undertaking of the third IPY and a shift to multinational projects. New fields such as ocean-ice-atmosphere variability became active and there was much attention to high-latitude climate change in the context of global warming.
文摘Simple passive diffusive samplers were used for the determination of SO 2, NO 2 and NH 3 in atmosphere from three stations at high latitudes and in Arctic area. The concentrations of SO 2, NO 2 and NH 3 were found to be below 1 0, 0 3 and 2 0 μg/m 3 respectively. These values were obtained with sampling periods of 5 10 d. These preliminary data suggest that SO 2, NO 2 concentrations should be lower 2 order of magnitude than those of Beijing area, and an order of magnitude than those of other areas with less pollution in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant nos.31670025 and 31300115)Projects of the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration,State Oceanic Administration (Grant no.2013YR06006)+1 种基金the National Infrastructure of Microbial Resources (Grant no.NIMR-2017-3)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (Grant no.2016-I2M-2-002)
文摘This study assessed the diversity and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity of cultured fungi isolated from four aquatic environments （stream, pond, glacial ice, and estuary） in the Ny-A.lesund region （Svalbard, Norway, High Arctic）. A total of 134 fungal isolates were obtained from 13 water samples. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, these fungal isolates were identified as belonging to 47 species, with 26 belonging to the Ascomycota, 20 to the Basidiomycota, and one to the Zygomycota. The most frequently detected fungal species were Vishniacozyma sp. 2, Cadophora sp. 2, Phenoliferia sp. 1, Dioszegia sp. 2, and Mortierella sp.; these species occurred in 10, eight, seven, six, and five of the samples, respectively. Among the 134 fungal isolates, 17 isolates of 15 species displayed high α-glycosidase inhibitory activity in culture. The results suggest that diverse and distinct populations of cultured fungi are present in Arctic aquatic environments, and they include taxa that are potential sources of bioactive molecules that may be used as prototype drugs for medicinal proposals.
基金国家社科基金"中国参与北极地区开发的理论与方略研究"(批准号14BGJ026)国家海洋局"极地国家利益战略评估专题"的子课题"北极原住民地区资源开发政策与实践研究"+1 种基金2013-2014中加学者交换项目(CCSEP)"Resource Development in Nunavut:FederalTerritorial and Inuit Perspectives"
