Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Ability of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf Parts

[Objectives]To study the antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of different parts of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.[Methods]The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity of ABTS of 75%ethanol extract of A.gigantifolia Stapf and the petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,chloroform and aqueous extract were measured with Vc as positive control.At the same time,acarbose was used as reference substance to determine the inhibitory effect of each polar site onα-glucosidase.[Results]All parts of A.gigantifolia Stapf had antioxidant activity,among which ethyl acetate had the strongest antioxidant activity,and the scavenging rate of hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical was higher than that of positive control.The results showed that petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and chloroform had a good inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase(better than acarbose).[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate part of A.gigantifolia Stapf had the best antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase.It provides a basis for further research and development of A.gigantifolia Stapf.

Ardisia gigantifolia ethanolic extract inhibits cell proliferation and targets cancer stem cells in gastric cancer

Objective:To evaluate the effects of ethanol extract from Ardisia gigantifolia leaves on cell proliferation and cancer stem cell(CSC)number in gastric cancer.Methods:The inhibitory effect of Ardisia gigantifolia extract on the proliferation of MKN45 and MKN74 gastric cancer cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Non-adherent culture(3D)model was used to evaluate the effect of the extract on tumorsphere size and number.Moreover,the expression of CD44,ALDH,and p21 was determined by immunofluorescence analysis.Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate cell cycle arrest and the expression of gastric CSC markers CD44 and ALDH.Real-time PCR analysis was also carried out to assess the effect of the extract on the expression of cell cycle-regulated genes.Results:Ardisia gigantifolia extract effectively inhibited cell proliferation with an IC_(50)of 55.7μg/m L in MKN45 cells and 123.6μg/m L in MKN74 cells.The extract also arrested cell cycle in the G_(0)/G_(1)phase as well as significantly reduced the size and number of tumorspheres.The markedly increased expression of p21 was observed at both m RNA and protein levels in the extract-treated adherent cells and tumorspheres.In addition,Ardisia gigantifolia extract significantly reduced the number of CD44-and/or ALDH-expressing gastric CSC.Conclusions:The development of gastric CSC can be inhibited by the ethanol extract of Ardisia gigantifolia.

Adaptive mechanisms of Ardisia crenata var.bicolor along an elevational gradient on Gaoligong Mountain,Southwest China

Plants overcome environmental stress by generating metabolic pathways.Thus,it is crucial to understand the physiological mechanisms of plant responses to changing environments.Ardisia crenata var.bicolor has an important ornamental and medicinal value.To reveal the impact of elevational gradient on the habitat soil and plant physiological attributes of this species,we collected root topsoil(0–20 cm)and subsoil(20–40 cm)samples and upper leaves at the initial blooming phase,in a survey of six elevations at 1,257 m,1,538 m,1,744 m,1,970 m,2,135 m,and 2,376 m,with 18 block plots,and 5sampling points at each site.Temperature decreases with an increase in elevation,and soil variables,and enzymatic activities fluctuated in both the topsoil and subsoil,with all of them increasing with elevation and decreasing with soil depth.Redundancy analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between the distribution of A.crenata var.bicolor along the elevational gradient and soil nutrients and enzyme activities,the soil properties were mainly affected by p H at low elevations,and governed by total phosphorus(TP)and available nitrogen(AN)at high elevations.The levels of chlorophyll,carbohydrates,and enzymatic activity except for anthocyanin in this species showed significant variation depending on physiological attributes evaluated at the different collection elevations.The decline in chlorophyll a and b may be associated with the adaptive response to avoid environmental stress,while its higher soluble sugar and protein contents play important roles in escaping adverse climatic conditions,and the increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes except peroxidase(POD)reflect this species’higher capacity for reactive oxygen scavenging(ROS)at high elevations.This study provides supporting evidence that elevation significantly affects the physiological attributes of A.crenata var.bicolor on Gaoligong Mountain,which is helpful for understanding plant adaptation strategies and the plasticity of plant physiological traits along the elevational gradients.

不同施肥处理对紫金牛(Ardisia japonica)生长和生理特性的影响

氮、磷、钾施肥对紫金牛(Ardisia japonica)的生长及生理特性产生明显影响,但是最佳施肥比例缺少研究报道。论文根据不同施肥处理对紫金牛的生长及生理的影响,筛选出适宜的施肥组合,为紫金牛苗木的施肥管理提供指导。以三年生紫金牛苗木为试验材料,采用三因素四水平的正交试验设计方法。结果表明:不同施肥处理能显著促进紫金牛苗木的生长,提高碳氮代谢产物的含量和叶绿素的含量,显著提升净光合速率。氮肥对紫金牛茎和叶的生物量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率的影响达到显著性水平(P<0.05,下同);磷肥对紫金牛叶绿素含量的影响达到显著性水平;钾肥对紫金牛可溶性糖含量的影响达到显著水平。综合分析紫金牛生长指标及生理指标得出最适合的施肥量为尿素1.0 g·株^(-1)、过磷酸钙1.0 g·株^(-1)、硫酸钾1.5 g·株^(-1),能提高紫金牛的观赏性和加速其生长。

New triterpenoid sapoin from Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.

One new triterpenoid sapoin with two known triterpenoid sapoins:3β-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranose-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-3β-hydroxy-13β,28-epoxy-oleanan-16-oxo-30-al(1),3β-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[(β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-ara-binopyranoside}-16α-hydroxy-13,28-epoxy-oleanane(2) and cyclamiretin A 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→3)-[P-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(...

Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from Ardisia pusilla

A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-{ β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 2）]-α- L-arabinopyranosyl}-3β,16α,28α-trihydroxy-13β,28-epoxy-oleanan-30-al （ardipusilloside Ⅲ, 1）, together with two known saponins, ardisiacrispins A （2） and B （3）, were isolated from the whole plants of Ardisia pusilla A. DC. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences. Saponins 1 and 3 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma U251MG cells.

硃砂根(Ardisia crenata)居群的形态特征变异及聚类分析

以分布于福建（漳平永福、漳平官田和武平东留）、江西（会昌永隆和大余庾岭）和广西（南宁宾阳）的6个野生硃砂根（Ardisia crenataSims）居群的144个单株为研究对象,对植株形态特征（株高、干高、干径、分枝数、枝下高和冠径）、叶部性状（叶色、叶数、叶长、叶宽和叶柄长）和整体观赏性（果穗数、果穗长、每穗果数、果径、果穗柄长、果柄长、果实百粒重、果色和观赏性）3个方面的20个形态性状及其变异幅度进行了比较分析,在此基础上采用欧氏距离进行UPGMA聚类分析。结果表明：不同居群间硃砂根的分枝数、枝下高、叶数、叶色、果穗数和果色等性状的变异幅度较大,总变异系数分别为38.66%、37.19%、42.48%、42.57%、50.36%和52.34%;叶长、叶宽、果实百粒重和果径的变异幅度较小,总变异系数均小于15%。在不同居群间,分枝数、枝下高、叶色、果穗数和果色等性状有极显著差异（P〈0.01）,冠径和每穗果数差异显著（P〈0.05）,其余性状均无显著差异。在欧氏距离30处可将所有单株划分为A、B、C、D、E和F共6个表征群,同一居群的大部分单株基本被聚在同一个表征群中,其中,武平东留和漳平官田居群的所有单株分别被聚在C和D中,E和F则分别由会昌永隆居群的3个单株和南宁宾阳居群的8个单株组成。在欧氏距离26处可将表征群A、C、D和F进一步划分为14个亚表征群,其中,A、C和F均可划分出4个亚表征群,D可划分出2个亚表征群;亚表征群C1所包含的单株分别归属于4个居群,另外13个亚表征群所包含的单株则分别归属于1~3个居群。研究结果显示,不同居群硃砂根植株的形态特征表现出较明显的地理分化特性,不同居群间的形态分化程度较高,且其形态分化不仅存在于居群间,也存在于居群内。

Two new phenolic compounds from Ardisia gigantifolia

Two new compounds were isolated from the 60% ethanol extract of the dried rhizome of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods as （＋）-5-（1,2-dihydroxypentyl）-benzene- 1,3-diol and （-）-5-（1,2- dihydroxypentyl）benzene- 1,3-diol.

Phytochemical constituents,antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Ardisia elliptica

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial,and chemical ingredients of Ardisia elliptica(A.elliptica) methanolic extracts.Methods:The plant was extracted using methanol.Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were evaluated.Results:The results showed that both fruit and leaf extract of A.elliptica have significant antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Fruit extracts showed higher content of phenolic(71 ± 0.03 GAE/mg extract dry weight),in comparison to the leaf extracts(37 ± 0.05 GAE/mg extract dry weight).Flavonoid content,and Fe2+chelating activity of fruit extracts were higher than leaf extract.The percentage radical inhibition of fruit extract is found to be higher(70%) than that of leaf extract(60%).LCMS results indicated that the major compounds in the fruit extract were Gingerol,Aspidin,Kampherol,and Stercuresin,while the leaf extract contained Gingerol,Aspidin,Triangularin,and Salicyl acyl glucuronide.Furthermore,the results of GCMS indicated that fruit extract contained these major compounds:Vitamin E Tocopherol,5-hepylresornicol,2-Nonylmalonic acid,5-pentadecylresornicol,and Stigmasta-7-22-dien-3-ol.However,leaf extract of A.elliptica contained these major compounds:Alpha Amyrenol,4,4,6,6a,6b,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12 a,14,14 a,14 b octadehydro-2H-picen-3-one,and Lonasterol,4-t-Butyl-2-[4-nitrophenyl] phenol.Conclusions:The results provide evidence that fruit and leaf of A.elliptica extracts might indeed be used as a potential source of effective natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Screening of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and Its Toxicological Safety Study

[Objectives] To screen out the anti-inflammatory and analgesic parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and to explore the toxicological safety of each part.[Methods]The carrageenan-induced toe swelling experiment of mice,acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary permeability experiment,pain writhing test,and mouse maximum tolerated dose experiment were carried out.Taking mouse toe swelling,capillary permeability,pain writhing reaction times,and animal death number as indicators,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were screened and toxicological safety was evaluated for petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water parts of A.gigantifolia.[Results] The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia can significantly reduce the degree of carrageenan-induced toe swelling of(P < 0.05),significantly inhibit the glacial acetic acid induced capillary permeability of mice(P < 0.05) and the times of pain writhing of mice(P < 0.01),no death was observed in each group after 150-fold of clinical equivalent dose administration,and no abnormality was observed in body weight and tissues of mice.[Conclusions]The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia is active part of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect,and each part is low in toxicological safety.

散花紫金牛(Ardisia conspersa)醇提物对大鼠肠系膜微循环的影响

目的探讨散花紫金牛醇提物对微循环的影响.方法采用肠系膜滴加盐酸肾上腺素建立大鼠微循环急性障碍模型,检测肠系膜微动脉管径、毛细血管网交点数、血液流态、血液流速的改变和血流恢复时间等指标.结果散花紫金牛醇提物能显著拮抗微循环急性障碍模型大鼠肠系膜微动脉的收缩作用,改善血液流态,提高肠系膜毛细血管网交点开放率,缩短微循环障碍的恢复时间.其中以高剂量组作用最强,呈现明显的量效关系.结论散花紫金牛具有明显改善微循环的作用.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Effects of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf,a Traditional Chinese Medicine with Lingnan Characteristics

This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on the pharmacological effects of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf in recent years,and finds that Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf has good pharmacological effects in many aspects,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-thrombosis,anti-tumor and so on.In particular,more than ten saponins have been found to have good anti-tumor activity and have potential research value,which can provide reference for the full development and utilization of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf resources.

A Pharmacognostical Study on Ardisia gigantifolia and Its Adulterants

[Objectives]The research aimed to study the characteristics of Ardisia gigantifolia and its adulterants Embelia scandens and Mappianthus iodoides for identification. [Methods] Through the trait identification method,powder microscopic identification method,TLC,inclusions detection and content determination,A. gigantifolia and its adulterants were contrasted. [Results]The morphological and histological characteristics of A. gigantifolia,E. scandens and M. iodoides were different from each other. Containing water,total ash,acid insoluble ash and other inclusions also had difference; the total triterpenoid saponins were respectively 122. 90 mg/g of A. gigantifolia,147. 052 mg/g of E. scandens,and 63. 06 mg/g of M. iodoides. [Conclusions] These methods are accurate and reliable,which could be used for the identification of A. gigantifolia and its adulterants.

Effects of Alcohol Extract of Giantleaf Ardisia Rhizome on Levels of Inflammatory Factors in Serum of Rats with Adjuvant Arthritis

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Giantleaf Ardisia Rhizome on the serum levels of interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in adjuvant arthritis(AA)rats induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant(CFA),so as to investigate its role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.[Methods]Rat models of AA were induced by CFA,and they were given with different doses of ethanol extract of Giantleaf Ardisia Rhizome,followed by scoring of systemic and joint inflammation and swelling degree and determination of serum IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βlevels.[Results]Compared with the model group,the ethanol extract of Giantleaf Ardisia Rhizome significantly reduced the scores of systemic and joint inflammation and swelling degree and the serum levels of IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1βin AA rats(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]The ethanol extract of Giantleaf Ardisia Rhizome can suppress the development of AA in rats and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of serum inflammatory factors(IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β).

Study on the Flowering Habit of Ardisia mamillata Hance

This study aimed to investigate the flowering habit of Ardisia mamillata Hance, to provide theoretical basis for the crossbreeding of A. mamillata. Re- suits show that A. mamillata is not entomophilous but anemophilous. The florescence lasts 40 d from the last 10 d of June to the first 10 d of August; the florescence of single flower is about 1 -3 d; there are two peaks of individual florescence; the gregarious flowering belongs to abundant centralized pattern, which is conducive to the reproductive success and provides convenience for the crossbreeding of A. mamiUata.

In Vitro Propagation of Ardisia mamillata Hance

Ardisia mamillata Hance is a rare plant with highly ornamental and medicinal value. The traditional propagation methods for A. mamillata by seeds or cutting provided low proliferation rate. This study is to optimize the propagation technique of A. mamillata by tissue culture and set up an industrial production system to provide plenty of A. mamillata seedlings for the human demand. The optimal initiation medium for A. mamillata is MS +2.0 mg/L BA +0.1 mg/L NAA +30 g/L sugar, providing76.4% initiation rate. The optimal shoot proliferation medium for A. mamillata is MS+1.0 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+30 g/L sugar, providing 4.56 fold proliferation rate and3.10 cm shoot in height. The optimal shoot elongation medium for A. mamillata is MS+0.5 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+30 g/L sugar, providing 2.77 fold proliferation rate and 4.27 cm shoot in height. The optimal rooting medium for A. mamillata is 1/2MS+0.1 mg/L IBA +15 g/L sugar, providing 99.7% rooting rate, 4.0 roots per individual,7.53 cm root in length and 3.94 cm shoot in height. This provides a reliable mass propagation method for A. mamillata.

走马胎灰分对光的响应特征及其与生长指标的相关性

为探究光照强度和光质对走马胎(Ardisia giantifolia)灰分积累的影响,利用遮阳网和薄膜设定4个光照梯度(100%、60%、40%、20%全光照)和4种光质(绿、白、蓝、红),分析了基径、株高以及生物量的响应特征,以及灰分与生长指标的关系。结果表明,走马胎灰分含量在绿光下随着光照强度的减弱而呈减少的趋势,在白光下随着光照强度的减弱呈现“低-高-低-高”的波动变化,在蓝光或红光下没有显著变化;在100%光照强度下,白光的灰分含量最低,与其余光照强度存在显著差异;在60%、40%、20%光照强度下,光质对走马胎灰分含量的影响不显著。走马胎灰分含量与株高、基径和生物量间不存在明显的相关性;随着光照强度的减弱,走马胎的株高、基径以及生物量均呈现增加的趋势,且在白光下达到最大。因此,光照对走马胎灰分的积累和生长指标均有影响,种植走马胎时要选择适当遮荫强度或郁闭度较高的林型。

矮地茶的化学成分研究

[目的]研究矮地茶的化学成分。[方法]运用聚酰胺色谱以及反向制备HPLC色谱分离技术对矮地茶的化学成分进行分离和纯化,再依据化合物的光谱数据和理化性质进行结构鉴定。[结果]从矮地茶30%乙醇提取部位分离得到5个化学成分,分别鉴定为没食子酸(1)、dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate(2)、4-O-galloybergenin(3)、杨梅苷(4)、槲皮苷(5)。[结论]化合物2和化合物3首次从矮地茶中分离得到。

走马胎提取物对胰腺癌的影响及作用机制

目的探究走马胎提取物对胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法采用MTT法检测走马胎提取物对PANC-1细胞增殖的影响,观察其对PANC-1细胞形态的影响;设计划痕及Transwell迁移/侵袭实验检测其对PANC-1细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响;采用Western blot法检测其对癌细胞中相关蛋白p65、P-p65、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Cleaved-Caspase-3、Cleaved-Caspase-9、Bcl-2及Bax表达水平的影响。结果走马胎提取物对PANC-1细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭具有抑制作用,能下调P-p65、Caspase-3、Caspase-9及Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平,上调Cleaved-Caspase-3、Cleaved-Caspase-9、Bax的蛋白表达水平。结论走马胎提取物能抑制PANC-1细胞活性,其机制是通过抑制PANC-1细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭,上调Bax,下调Bcl-2,抑制p65的磷酸化,促进Caspase-3、Caspase-9的激活以诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡,而发挥抗胰腺癌作用。

A new triterpenoid saponin from the roots of Ardisia crenata

A new triterpenoid saponin.3 β-O-{ β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1—4）-[ β-D-glucopyranosyl-[1-2）]- α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16α, 28-dihydroxyolean-12-en-30-oic acid 30-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl ester（ardisicrenoside N.1）,together with two known saponins, ardisicrenoside C（2） and D（3）,were isolated from the roots of Ardisia crenata Sim.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences.Saponins 1 showed cytotoxicity against MCI-7 and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines at 11.0μmol/L and 22.1μmol/L in vitro.