Ethanol extract of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba inhibits hepatoma carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro through regulating lipid metabolism

Objective:The aim of this study is to discover the possible working mechanisms of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba(AJH)on hepatoma carcinoma(HCC).Methods:In this study,ethanol extract of AJH was prepared and used to treat HCC cell in vitro.Furthermore,a genomic wide RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was performed to screen deregulated genes in HCC cells after the treatment of AJH extract.The gene and protein expression related to lipid metabolism in HCC cells were also investigated to validate the results obtained from RNA-seq.Results:AJH extract could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vitro.RNA-seq analysis has identified 1,601 differentially expressed genes(DEGs,fold change≥2.0 or fold change≤0.5,P<0.05)in HCC after AJH extract treatment,which included 225 up-regulated genes and 1,376 down-regulated genes.KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs demonstrated that lipid metabolism was a potential pathway related to AJH treatment.In agreement with the RNA-seq data,q PCR and Western-blot analysis indicated that expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism(SREBP1,ACC,ACLY and FASN)were significantly downregulated in AJH treatment group as compared with the control group.Furthermore,AJH extract could also decrease lipid contents and cellular free fatty acid levels in HCC cells.Conclusion:Ethanol extract of AJH could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vitro,the possible mechanism may be related to the inhibition of lipid metabolism.

Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Ability of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf Parts

[Objectives]To study the antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of different parts of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.[Methods]The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity of ABTS of 75%ethanol extract of A.gigantifolia Stapf and the petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,chloroform and aqueous extract were measured with Vc as positive control.At the same time,acarbose was used as reference substance to determine the inhibitory effect of each polar site onα-glucosidase.[Results]All parts of A.gigantifolia Stapf had antioxidant activity,among which ethyl acetate had the strongest antioxidant activity,and the scavenging rate of hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical was higher than that of positive control.The results showed that petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and chloroform had a good inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase(better than acarbose).[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate part of A.gigantifolia Stapf had the best antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase.It provides a basis for further research and development of A.gigantifolia Stapf.

贵州不同产地朱砂根中铜、铅、镉、砷、汞含量的测定

[目的]测定贵州不同产地朱砂根中铜、铅、镉、砷、汞的含量。[方法]采用微波消解的方法对朱砂根进行处理,以原子吸收光谱法测定样品中的铜、铅、镉、砷和汞元素的含量。[结果]所测样品中除部分批次镉含量超标外,其他均低于《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》的规定限量;镉超标率为37.5%。[结论]该方法简便、快速、准确,能有效测定朱砂根药材的铜、铅、镉、砷和汞的含量。

朱砂根药用资源分布及研究进展

采用中药资源调查与文献查询分析法对朱砂根药用资源分布及研究进展进行分析,发现朱砂根野生资源十分丰富,含有多种药用化学成分,具有抗癌、抗菌和抗病毒等作用和园林观赏价值。而且,朱砂根综合利用的潜力较大,野生变家种是其综合利用的必然趋势。

苗药八爪金龙中生物活性成分的研究(Ⅰ)

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、索氏提取法分别提取苗药八爪金龙（Ardisia crispa（Thunb.）DC.）中的挥发油和岩白菜素.利用GC/MS法及HPLC/MS法对挥发油及岩白菜素含量进行测定.结果表明,岩白菜素在30.300～912.000 ng/mL范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系（r=-0.999 1）,平均回收率为97.66％（RSD=2.31％）;八爪金龙挥发油主要成分有己醛、（Z）-2-庚烯醛、3-羟基-1-辛烯、石竹烯、龙脑、9,12,15-十八三烯、3-苯基-2-丙烯醛、芳姜黄酮、n-癸酸、十二烷酸、正丁烯基苯酞、棕榈酸等,含量分别为7.72％、1.82％、1.92％、1.85％、2.48％、2.98％、3.06％、5.17％、4.08％、7.36％、3.11％、29.11％.GC/MS法测定出挥发油中的27个成分,占挥发油总量的87.17％.建立的HPLC/MS方法简单、准确、重复性好,可作为八爪金龙根药材质量检测的方法.

朱砂根的药用价值与观赏价值

综述了朱砂根(Ardisia crenataS im s.)的资源分布及其药用与观赏价值的研究进展。

反相高效液相色谱法测定朱砂根中的朱砂根皂苷

建立了朱砂根中朱砂根皂苷的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。采用SHIM-PACK VP-ODS色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(体积比为37∶63),流速1.0mL/min,检测波长205nm,柱温40℃。朱砂根皂苷的进样量为144ng^57.6μg时线性关系良好(r=0.9997);加标回收率(n=3)为94.2%~99.4%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~2.0%。方法简便,准确性高,重复性好,适用于朱砂根中朱砂根皂苷的测定。

不同扰动生境中动物对酸苔菜种子的捕食和散布

有效的种子散布是木本植物形成入侵种需要经历的过程之一,但在预测入侵种时却常常被忽略。紫金牛科东方紫金牛(Ardisia elliptica)原产热带亚洲而在北美成为入侵植物,分布在云南南部的其同属种酸苔菜(A.solana-cea)与之具有相似的生物学特征。本文以酸苔菜为研究对象,于2004年12月至次年2月分别在人为干扰轻的野象谷和人为干扰重的植物园进行酸苔菜的种子散布及捕食研究,试图了解生境变化对其种子散布和种子捕食的影响。结果表明,酸苔菜在两地的种子散布者均为白喉冠鹎(Alophoixus pallidus)、黑冠黄鹎(Pycnonotus melanicterus)和灰眼短脚鹎(Iole propinqua),但3种食果实鸟类的组成比例、拜访行为、频率及种子捕食者的影响在两地均不相同。人为干扰轻的野象谷生境中白喉冠鹎、黑冠黄鹎与灰眼短脚鹎的拜访频率分别为25%、32%和26%,取食后的第一次停栖地点有4%在10m以外;人为干扰重的植物园生境中3种鸟的拜访频率分别为67%、8%、5%,取食后的第一次停栖地点有26%在10m以外。人工摆放种子试验表明,地面上种子捕食者主要是啮齿类;在两生境中种子捕食率均较低(2-6%),但野象谷生境中种子捕食率仍显著高于植物园生境。野象谷生境中种子还受到象鼻虫幼虫的危害,危害率为17.9±3.5%(n=512);而植物园生境中未发现种子被象鼻虫危害(n=489)。干扰对生境中的动物组成及行为造成了明显影响,并可能通过种子散布与捕食的改变而间接影响与其有密切关系植物的种群动态。

朱砂根皂苷高产愈伤组织的诱导与筛选

采用比色法测定了以朱砂根(Ardisia crenata)胚、根、茎及叶等4种外植体诱导的愈伤组织中皂苷含量,筛选高皂苷含量的愈伤组织。结果表明,朱砂根的胚和根诱导出来的愈伤组织皂苷含量最高,达到24.07 mg/g和21.25 mg/g,茎和叶诱导的愈伤组织皂苷含量较低,根和茎诱导的愈伤组织生长较好。

开喉剑及组方药材山豆根、八爪金龙挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取开喉剑及组方药材中山豆根(Radix sophorae tonkinensis)、八爪金龙[Ardisia crispa(Thunb.)A.DC]的挥发油,并通过GC-MS联用技术对其进行分析比较。结果表明,从开喉剑挥发油中共鉴定出8个成分;山豆根、八爪金龙挥发油中分别鉴定出20、23个成分,开喉剑挥发油中成分与单味药材挥发油中成分的种类有较大差异。

海南岛紫金牛属植物地理分布及区系特征

运用平均聚类法（UPGMA）对海南岛各市县紫金牛属植物的水平分布进行聚类分析,结果表明,海南岛中部为紫金牛属植物分布最丰富的地区,尤以保亭县的种类最丰富;垂直分布海拔集中在400～1 000 m范围,有7种分布范围较狭窄;分布区类型有2种分布型和2种分布亚型,其中以越南（中南半岛）至华南（或西南）分布亚型为主,其次是中国特有分布型,与邻近省区的广东、广西联系最紧密,其中与广东最相似,但与广西的共有种类最多;与邻国的中南半岛联系最紧密,而与马来群岛的联系较弱.

Optimization of the Method to Obtain Effective Sterile Explants in Tissue Culture of Ardisia mamillata Hance

In the present study, we optimized the procedures to pretreat the parental material, to collect, sterilize and inoculate the explants in the tissue culture of Ar- disia mamillata Hance, so that more effective sterile explants can be obtained. The results revealed the optimal procedures. In detail, the parental materials were trans- ferred and pretreated in laboratory in February. The stem tips of new branches were collected in middle March, cleaned with eradicator and then rinsed with tap water for 1-2 h. After that, the explants were surface sterilized with 70% alcohol for 30 s, rinsed with sterile water 2-3 times, sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 4 min, rinsed with sterile water three times and sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chlo- ride for 4 min again. Finally, they were inoculated into medium after being rinsed with sterile water 5-8 times. By this method, the pollution rate of explants can be greatly reduced while their survival rate can be significantly improved.

百两金药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对百两金的种属、成分、药理和临床应用的研究进展进行综述,为进一步开发利用提供资料。

野生朱砂根果实发育各阶段微形态观察

为研究朱砂根(Ardisia crenata Sims)植物果实各阶段的微形态发育特征,运用电子扫描显微镜进行了形态观察。发现朱砂根果实具有典型的核果特征,其果皮由外果皮、中果皮和内果皮组成;外果皮较薄,中果皮较厚,内果皮木质化。外果皮表面纹饰为短棍棒状、海绵状、不规则形状等,呈现出较为规则的变化,从幼果到成熟排列上都比较紧密,但纹饰由小到大、由皱褶到平滑。中果皮在幼果时皮层里面填充细胞较多,种子发育较小,因此中果皮厚度最大,随着成熟度的增加,中果皮变薄,种子部分不断膨大,最终达到一个稳定状态;中果皮细胞大小与中果皮厚度呈正比。种子内部结构较为致密,种子间具孔,孔呈不规则形状,大小不等,类似海绵纹孔;孔纹壁网状或具细纹。随着果实成熟度的增加,种子孔径不断缩小,日趋稳定,孔纹壁也逐渐光滑,纹理较为稀疏。

New triterpenoid sapoin from Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.

One new triterpenoid sapoin with two known triterpenoid sapoins:3β-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranose-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-3β-hydroxy-13β,28-epoxy-oleanan-16-oxo-30-al(1),3β-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[(β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-ara-binopyranoside}-16α-hydroxy-13,28-epoxy-oleanane(2) and cyclamiretin A 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→3)-[P-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(...

Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from Ardisia pusilla

A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-{ β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 2）]-α- L-arabinopyranosyl}-3β,16α,28α-trihydroxy-13β,28-epoxy-oleanan-30-al （ardipusilloside Ⅲ, 1）, together with two known saponins, ardisiacrispins A （2） and B （3）, were isolated from the whole plants of Ardisia pusilla A. DC. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences. Saponins 1 and 3 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma U251MG cells.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Effects of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf,a Traditional Chinese Medicine with Lingnan Characteristics

This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on the pharmacological effects of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf in recent years,and finds that Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf has good pharmacological effects in many aspects,including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-thrombosis,anti-tumor and so on.In particular,more than ten saponins have been found to have good anti-tumor activity and have potential research value,which can provide reference for the full development and utilization of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf resources.

Two new phenolic compounds from Ardisia gigantifolia

Two new compounds were isolated from the 60% ethanol extract of the dried rhizome of Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods as （＋）-5-（1,2-dihydroxypentyl）-benzene- 1,3-diol and （-）-5-（1,2- dihydroxypentyl）benzene- 1,3-diol.

Ardisia gigantifolia ethanolic extract inhibits cell proliferation and targets cancer stem cells in gastric cancer

Objective:To evaluate the effects of ethanol extract from Ardisia gigantifolia leaves on cell proliferation and cancer stem cell(CSC)number in gastric cancer.Methods:The inhibitory effect of Ardisia gigantifolia extract on the proliferation of MKN45 and MKN74 gastric cancer cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Non-adherent culture(3D)model was used to evaluate the effect of the extract on tumorsphere size and number.Moreover,the expression of CD44,ALDH,and p21 was determined by immunofluorescence analysis.Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate cell cycle arrest and the expression of gastric CSC markers CD44 and ALDH.Real-time PCR analysis was also carried out to assess the effect of the extract on the expression of cell cycle-regulated genes.Results:Ardisia gigantifolia extract effectively inhibited cell proliferation with an IC_(50)of 55.7μg/m L in MKN45 cells and 123.6μg/m L in MKN74 cells.The extract also arrested cell cycle in the G_(0)/G_(1)phase as well as significantly reduced the size and number of tumorspheres.The markedly increased expression of p21 was observed at both m RNA and protein levels in the extract-treated adherent cells and tumorspheres.In addition,Ardisia gigantifolia extract significantly reduced the number of CD44-and/or ALDH-expressing gastric CSC.Conclusions:The development of gastric CSC can be inhibited by the ethanol extract of Ardisia gigantifolia.

Adaptive mechanisms of Ardisia crenata var.bicolor along an elevational gradient on Gaoligong Mountain,Southwest China

Plants overcome environmental stress by generating metabolic pathways.Thus,it is crucial to understand the physiological mechanisms of plant responses to changing environments.Ardisia crenata var.bicolor has an important ornamental and medicinal value.To reveal the impact of elevational gradient on the habitat soil and plant physiological attributes of this species,we collected root topsoil(0–20 cm)and subsoil(20–40 cm)samples and upper leaves at the initial blooming phase,in a survey of six elevations at 1,257 m,1,538 m,1,744 m,1,970 m,2,135 m,and 2,376 m,with 18 block plots,and 5sampling points at each site.Temperature decreases with an increase in elevation,and soil variables,and enzymatic activities fluctuated in both the topsoil and subsoil,with all of them increasing with elevation and decreasing with soil depth.Redundancy analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between the distribution of A.crenata var.bicolor along the elevational gradient and soil nutrients and enzyme activities,the soil properties were mainly affected by p H at low elevations,and governed by total phosphorus(TP)and available nitrogen(AN)at high elevations.The levels of chlorophyll,carbohydrates,and enzymatic activity except for anthocyanin in this species showed significant variation depending on physiological attributes evaluated at the different collection elevations.The decline in chlorophyll a and b may be associated with the adaptive response to avoid environmental stress,while its higher soluble sugar and protein contents play important roles in escaping adverse climatic conditions,and the increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes except peroxidase(POD)reflect this species’higher capacity for reactive oxygen scavenging(ROS)at high elevations.This study provides supporting evidence that elevation significantly affects the physiological attributes of A.crenata var.bicolor on Gaoligong Mountain,which is helpful for understanding plant adaptation strategies and the plasticity of plant physiological traits along the elevational gradients.