Predicting potential invasion risks of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit in the arid area of Saudi Arabia

The presence of invasive plant species poses a substantial ecological impact,thus comprehensive evaluation of their potential range and risk under the influence of climate change is necessary.This study uses maximum entropy(MaxEnt)modeling to forecast the likelihood of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit invasion in Saudi Arabia under present and future climate change scenarios.Utilizing the MaxEnt modeling,we integrated climatic and soil data to predict habitat suitability for the invasive species.We conducted a detailed analysis of the distribution patterns of the species,using climate variables and ecological factors.We focused on the important influence of temperature seasonality,temperature annual range,and precipitation seasonality.The distribution modeling used robust measures of area under the curve(AUC)and receiver-operator characteristic(ROC)curves,to map the invasion extent,which has a high level of accuracy in identifying appropriate habitats.The complex interaction that influenced the invasion of L.leucocephala was highlighted by the environmental parameters using Jackknife test.Presently,the actual geographic area where L.leucocephala was found in Saudi Arabia was considerably smaller than the theoretical maximum range,suggesting that it had the capacity to expand further.The MaxEnt model exhibited excellent prediction accuracy and produced reliable results based on the data from the ROC curve.Precipitation and temperature were the primary factors influencing the potential distribution of L.leucocephala.Currently,an estimated area of 216,342 km^(2)in Saudi Arabia was at a high probability of invasion by L.leucocephala.We investigated the potential for increased invasion hazards in the future due to climate change scenarios(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)245 and 585).The analysis of key climatic variables,including temperature seasonality and annual range,along with soil properties such as clay composition and nitrogen content,unveiled their substantial influence on the distribution dynamic of L.leucocephala.Our findings indicated a significant expansion of high risk zones.High-risk zones for L.leucocephala invasion in the current climate conditions had notable expansions projected under future climate scenarios,particularly evident in southern Makkah,Al Bahah,Madina,and Asir areas.The results,backed by thorough spatial studies,emphasize the need to reduce the possible ecological impacts of climate change on the spread of L.leucocephala.Moreover,the study provides valuable strategic insights for the management of invasion,highlighting the intricate relationship between climate change,habitat appropriateness,and the risks associated with invasive species.Proactive techniques are suggested to avoid and manage the spread of L.leucocephala,considering its high potential for future spread.This study enhances the overall comprehension of the dynamics of invasive species by combining modeling techniques with ecological knowledge.It also provides valuable information for decision-making to implement efficient conservation and management strategies in response to changing environmental conditions.

Determination of Carboplatin Dose by Area Under the Curve in Combination Chemotherapy for Senile Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

To preliminarily determine the appropriate dosage of carboplatin （CBP） at AUC of 5 mg-M1^-1·min^-1 in the combination chemotherapy for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Thirty-five Chinese senile patients with NSCLC in advanced stage （Ⅲ/Ⅳ） were given 96 cycles of combination chemotherapy. Chemotherapy schedules included Taxol＋CBP, Gemzar＋CBP and NVB＋CBE The dose of CBP was at 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 of area under the concentration-time curve （AUC）. Side effects and quality of life were observed before and after the chemotherapy. Myelosuppression was severe and commonly observed. Grade 3/4 of granulocytopenia was found in 47.9% （46/96） of the patients and grade 3/4 of thrombocytopenia was noted in 28.1% （27/96） of the subjects. However, other side effects were slight. The mean score of quality of life （QOL）, according to the criteria of QOL for Chinese cancer patients had reduced 6.8. At 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 by AUC, the hematological toxicity of CBP was severe and it had some negative effects on the QOL. The administration of CBP at 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 by AUC may be too high for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Area under the curve of methotrexate and creatinine clearance are outcome - determining factors in primary CNS lymphomas

Although high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)is the most effective drug against primary CNS lymphomas(PCNSL),outcome-de-termining variables related to its administration schedule have not been defined.The impact on toxicity and outcome of the area under thecurve(AUC(MTX)),dose intensity(DI(MTX))and infusion rate(IR(MTX))of MTX and plsamatic creatinine clearance(CL(crea))was investigated in a retrospective series of 45 PCNSL patients treated with three different HD-MTX-basedcombinations.Anticon-vulsants were administered in 31 pts(69%).Age>60 years,anticonvulsant therapy,slow IR(MTX)(

骨科术后患者万古霉素AUC_(0~24h)影响因素分析及预测模型研究

目的探讨万古霉素在骨科术后患者中的24 h曲线下面积(AUC_(0~24h))的影响因素,并预测分析AUC_(0~24h)较好的药代动力学模型。方法纳入新疆医科大学第六附属医院2018年1月至2022年12月进行骨科手术并使用万古霉素的患者,收集患者的基本信息、用药情况、血常规和血生化指标,分析影响骨科术后患者万古霉素AUC_(0~24h)的因素。采用一级药代动力学公式、个体化给药辅助决策系统(JPKD)和万古霉素日剂量消除率公式计算AUC_(0~24h)。结果最终纳入91例患者,结果发现胱抑素C(OR=189.168,P=0.005)和单次剂量(OR=19.160,P<0.001)是骨科术后患者万古霉素AUC_(0~24h)的独立保护因素,视黄醇结合蛋白是万古霉素AUC_(0~24h)的独立危险因素(OR=0.910,P<0.05)。通过对骨科术后患者万古霉素AUC_(0~24h)模型预测分析,JPKD软件和万古霉素日剂量消除率公式的绝对权重偏差均低于30%,JPKD软件和万古霉素日剂量消除率公式的AUC_(0~24h)与一级药代动力学公式的AUC_(0~24h)组内相关系数分别为0.781和0.524。结论胱抑素C是影响骨科术后患者万古霉素AUC_(0~24h)的重要因素,JPKD软件较万古霉素日剂量消除率公式方法更适用于预测骨科术后万古霉素AUC_(0~24h)。

Gut microbiota predicts the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in Saudi children

BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory condition with a worldwide distribution.Although the etiology of this disease is still unknown,the understanding of the role of the microbiota is becoming increasingly strong.AIM To investigate the predictive power of the gut microbiota for the diagnosis of UC in a cohort of newly diagnosed treatment-naïve Saudi children with UC.METHODS The study population included 20 children with a confirmed diagnosis of UC and 20 healthy controls.Microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced,and shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed for bacteria and bacteriophages.Biostatistics and bioinformatics demonstrated significant dysbiosis in the form of reduced alpha diversity,beta diversity,and significant difference of abundance of taxa between children with UC and control groups.The receiver operating characteristic curve,a probability curve,was used to determine the difference between the UC and control groups.The area under the curve(AUC)represents the degree of separability between the UC group and the control group.The AUC was calculated for all identified bacterial species and for bacterial species identified by the random forest classification algorithm as important potential biomarkers of UC.A similar method of AUC calculation for all bacteriophages and important species was used.RESULTS The median age and range were 14(0.5-21)and 12.9(6.8-16.3)years for children with UC and controls,respectively,and 40%and 35%were male for children with UC and controls,respectively.The AUC for all identified bacterial species was 89.5%.However,when using the bacterial species identified as important by random forest classification algorithm analysis, the accuracy increased to 97.6%. Similarly, the AUC for all theidentified bacteriophages was 87.4%, but this value increased to 94.5% when the important bacteriophagebiomarkers were used.CONCLUSIONThe very high to excellent AUCs of fecal bacterial and viral species suggest the potential use of noninvasivemicrobiota-based tests for the diagnosis of unusual cases of UC in children. In addition, the identification ofimportant bacteria and bacteriophages whose abundance is reduced in children with UC suggests the potential ofpreventive and adjuvant microbial therapy for UC.

SOME REMARKS ABOUT THE AREA-PRESERVING CONVEX CURVE FLOW IN THE PLANE

Using Picard's theorem and the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem to reinvestigate the area-preserving convex curve flow in the plane which is considered as a coupled system and thus different from the setting handled by Gage.

群体药代动力学软件对肾功能亢进与非亢进骨科术后患者万古霉素谷浓度、AUC_(0~24h)的预测分析

目的:探讨群体药代动力学软件对肾功能亢进(ARC)和非亢进(non-ARC)骨科术后患者的万古霉素谷浓度、24 h药时曲线下面积(AUC_(0~24h))的预测效果。方法:收集我院2018年1月~2022年12月骨科术后使用万古霉素的患者,通过HIS系统收集患者的基本信息、万古霉素峰谷浓度、血常规和生化指标等,计算患者肌酐清除率,并分为ARC组和non-ARC组。采用万古霉素剂量推荐和血药浓度预测系统、SmartDose软件回顾性预测患者的万古霉素谷浓度,采用SmartDose和JPKD软件预测万古霉素的AUC_(0~24h)。结果:与non-ARC组相比,ARC组患者年龄较小,血肌酐、血尿素、胱抑素C水平明显降低,而肌酐清除率较高(P<0.05)。与non-ARC组相比,ARC组患者谷浓度及AUC_(0~24h)均明显降低(P<0.05)。万古霉素剂量推荐和血药浓度预测系统和SmartDose软件对ARC与non-ARC骨科术后患者谷浓度预测的绝对权重偏差>30%。JPKD软件对ARC与non-ARC骨科术后患者AUC_(0~24h)的绝对权重偏差<30%且组内相关系数均>0.750。结论:万古霉素剂量推荐和血药浓度预测系统和SmartDose软件预测ARC和non-ARC骨科术后患者万古霉素谷浓度效果欠佳,而JPKD软件较SmartDose软件更适用于预测AUC_(0~24h)。

DETERMINING THICKENER UNDERFLOW CONCENTRATION AND UNIT AREA

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Relationship between the specific surface area of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel in a wet–dry acid corrosion environment

The relationship between the specific surface area（SSA） of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel under wet-dry acid corrosion conditions was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion current density first increased and then decreased with increasing SSA of the rust during the corrosion process. The structure of the rust changed from single-layer to double-layer, and the γ-FeOOH content decreased in the inner layer of the rust with increasing corrosion time; by contrast, the γ-FeOOH content in the outer layer was constant. When the SSA of the rust was lower than the critical SSA corresponding to the relative humidity during the drying period, condensed water in the micropores of the rust could evaporate, which prompted the diffusion of O_2 into the rust and the following formation process of γ-FeOOH, leading to an increase of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time. However, when the SSA of the rust reached or exceeded the critical SSA, condensate water in the micro-pores of the inner layer of the rust could not evaporate which inhibited the diffusion of O_2 and decreased the γ-FeOOH content in the inner rust, leading to a decrease of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time.

Secure Authentication of WLAN Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem

The security of wireless local area network (WLAN) becomes a bottleneck for its further applications. At present, many standard organizations and manufacturers of WLAN try to solve this problem. However, owing to the serious secure leak in IEEE802.11 standards, it is impossible to utterly solve the problem by simply adding some remedies. Based on the analysis on the security mechanism of WLAN and the latest techniques of WLAN security, a solution to WLAN security was presented. The solution makes preparation for the further combination of WLAN and Internet.

Analysis of Storm Pattern for Design Urban Drainage System in the Monsoon Areas of Vietnam

In Vietnam,rainfall data usually received using daily rainfall at all hydrology stations with higher time resolution are scarce.However,its analyses to achieve IDF(Intensity-Duration-Frequency)curves are often required at a finer scale such as hourly.Therefore,it needs to develop and apply methods to derive the IDF characteristics of short-duration events from daily rainfall statistics in Vietnam.In recent years,the need for new insights into the rainfall process leading to new approaches to model the distribution of rainfall intensities in time and space was recognized.This research aims to establish IDF curves for monsoon climate area in Vietnam based on scaling method.Scaling properties of extreme rainfall are examined in the Red River Delta of Vietnam in order to establish scaling behavior of statistical moments over different durations.Such scaling or scale-invariant models enable us to scale data from one temporal resolution to another,and thus,help to overcome the lack of the extreme rainfall data of sub-daily durations.The disaggregation or downscaling techniques are used to obtain sub-daily rainfall data from daily rainfall data for the derivation of scaled IDF curves.Research results show that most of rainfall amount(approximately 70%)received from rains occurring between 6:0 pm to 6:0 am of the day after that,the daytime usually less rainfall occurrence with only 30%.The peak rainfall is usually occurred during 0:0 am to 4:0 am having approximately 42.98%of rainfall amount over a day.The peak rainfall likely happen earlier in the recent year(36%rainfall amount over a day occurrence from 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm in 2008).The analysis also illustrated that approximately 40%of rainfall events have duration less than 60 minutes.In contrast,only approximately 9%of rainfall events have duration more than 6 hours but total rainfall depths of these events is approximately.

Derivations of Vector Area and Volume Elements in Curved Coordinate Systems for Flux Vector Fields Helping Eye Disease

Our aim in this paper is to interest retinal eye specialists in preventing dry macula degeneration by a special flurry vector field through open or closed curved surfaces. The flux of vector fields through surfaces is based on vector element area and volume element. Therefore, we explain a few geometrical derivations of area and volume elements in curved orthogonal coordinate systems. We hope that by derivation of a spatial vector field flurry against drusen through open or closed surfaces due to the Gauss theorem might select drusen under eye retina cells without destroying the cells and prevent macula degeneration. A changed flurry of a magnetic or electric vector field through a closed line causes an electric or magnetic vector field on the surface closed by the line. We also hope that derivation by Stokes’ and Greens’ theorems, with the help of iron, might help eye cells to get in life.

Machine Learning-Based Threatened Species Translocation Under Climate Vulnerability

Climate change is the most serious causes and has a direct impact on biodiversity.According to the world’s biodiversity conservation organization,rep-tile species are most affected since their biological and ecological qualities are directly linked to climate.Due to a lack of time frame in existing works,conser-vation adoption affects the performance of existing works.The proposed research presents a knowledge-driven Decision Support System(DSS)including the assisted translocation to adapt to future climate change to conserving from its extinction.The Dynamic approach is used to develop a knowledge-driven DSS using machine learning by applying an ecological and biological variable that characterizes the model and mitigation processes for species.However,the frame-work demonstrates the huge difference in the estimated significance of climate change,the model strategy helps to recognize the probable risk of threatened spe-cies translocation to future climate change.The proposed system is evaluated using various performance metrics and this framework can comfortably adapt to the decisions support to reintroduce the species for conservation in the future.

基于受试者工作特征pAUC优化的人脸识别系统

基于深度学习的人脸识别技术在大量应用场景中表现出优于传统方法的性能,它们的损失函数大致可分为2类:基于验证的和基于辨识的。验证型损失函数符合开集人脸识别的流程,但实施过程比较困难。因此目前性能较优的人脸识别算法都是基于辨识型损失而设计的,通常由softmax输出单元和交叉熵损失构成,但辨识型损失并没有将训练过程与评估过程统一起来。本文针对开集人脸识别任务提出一种新的验证型损失函数,即最大化受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下的部分面积(pAUC);同时还提出一种类中心学习策略提高训练效率,使提出的验证型损失和辨识型损失有较强的可比性。在5个大规模非限定环境下的人脸数据集上的实验结果表明,提出的方法和目前性能最优的人脸识别方法相比,具有很强的竞争性。

COMPUTING AREAS BOUNDED BYRATIONAL BEZIER CURVES

An approach is presented for computing integral values, such as areas and volumes of revo-lution . of regions bounded by rational plane B zier curves. The method approximates rational curveswith polynomial curves, and then computes the integral values on those polynomial curves. Errorbounds are provided. For high precision, this new algorithm performs much more quickly than con-ventional numerical methods.

布鲁氏菌病患者外周血白细胞及血小板参数的变化及临床意义

目的 研究布鲁氏菌病患者外周血白细胞及血小板参数的变化及其特点,探讨其临床应用价值。方法 纳入确诊布鲁氏菌病的患者90例,其中急性期59例,慢性期31例,另外选取同期40例健康人群为健康对照组。收集患者的临床症状等基本资料;采用全自动血液分析仪检测各组外周血白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数、血小板计数、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW);采用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD3^(+)T、CD4^(+)T及CD8^(+)T细胞计数,计算患者的中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)及血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR),分析各细胞参数的变化特点并分析各参数对布鲁氏菌病的临床诊断价值。结果 慢性期组的关节痛和脊柱炎占比高于急性期组(P<0.05);与健康对照组相比,急性期组的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、血小板计数及NLR均降低,慢性期组MPV和PDW降低,而CD3^(+)T细胞计数和单核细胞计数升高(P<0.05)。有关节炎症状的急性期布病患者白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、CD3^(+)T细胞计数和CD8^(+)T细胞计数低于无关节炎的急性期布病患者,而PLR则升高(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示中性粒细胞计数和NLR水平对于急性期布鲁氏菌病的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.780和0.717,而CD3^(+)T细胞计数对于诊断慢性期布鲁氏菌病的AUC为0.748。在急性期患者中,CD3^(+)T、CD8^(+)T细胞计数及PLR水平对诊断关节炎的AUC分别为0.779、0.768、0.722。结论 急性期和慢性期布鲁氏菌病患者外周血白细胞和血小板参数均有不同程度的改变,对于布鲁氏菌病的诊断以及急性期布病患者关节炎的诊断有一定的临床应用价值。

乳腺癌患者多西他赛稳态AUC与骨髓抑制相关性安全窗探索

目的:多西他赛治疗窗窄,个体间药代动力学差异大,本课题拟通过前瞻性研究,明确多西他赛稳态药时曲线下面积(AUC)在乳腺癌患者中的安全窗及稳态AUC与骨髓抑制发生的相关性。方法:选择2019年6月~2021年6月经病理诊断为乳腺癌Ⅰ~Ⅲ期的辅助化疗或新辅助化疗患者101例,测定、计算并分析多西他赛稳态AUC。结果:多西他赛安全窗参考范围为稳态AUC 1~1.6 mg·h·L^(-1),此范围内并未发现严重骨髓抑制情况,Ⅰ~Ⅱ度骨髓抑制发生率为15.9%;当参考范围介于1.7~2.5 mg·h·L^(-1)时,骨髓抑制发生率为21.4%,其中严重骨髓抑制发生率为14.2%;当参考范围介于2.6~3.0 mg·h·L^(-1)时,骨髓抑制发生率为66.7%。多西他赛稳态AUC 1~1.6 mg·h·L^(-1)的患者使用与未使用粒细胞刺激因子者之间骨髓抑制发生率并无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:多西他赛安全窗参考范围为稳态AUC 1~1.6 mg·h·L^(-1),在此参考范围内,患者可考虑无需预防性使用粒细胞刺激因子。

万古霉素在重症感染中的治疗药物监测现状及前景

万古霉素被誉为治疗革兰阳性菌感染的最后一道防线,也是推荐的一线用药。因其治疗窗窄,重症患者需监测药物浓度以指导临床安全用药。传统上基于万古霉素谷浓度的治疗药物监测已被临床广泛接受。2009年美国传染病学会(IDSA)指南建议,对于重症患者目标谷浓度为15~20 mg/L。近十余年国内外学者对于该治疗浓度的安全性及有效性评价不一。2020年更新指南提出,肾损伤风险最小、最准确且最佳的给药方法是通过曲线下面积(AUC)指导给药剂量和监测,提倡个体化目标AUC/最低抑菌浓度(MIC)比值为400~600 mg/(h·L)。由此可见目前就万古霉素临床监测指标存在争议。因此,本文就万古霉素治疗重症感染过程中进行治疗浓度监测的手段及策略进行综述,对指导临床合理用药具有重要意义,有助于临床医师制定个体化给药方案,最大程度减少或避免药物毒性。

区域地质灾害易发性评价的证据权法原理与实践

在阐述证据权法概念与原理的基础上,以西北黄土高原滑坡、崩塌地质灾害高易发的兰州市区为评价区,详解基于证据权法的区域地质灾害易发性评价的技术流程,利用GIS工具,开展评价指标选取与相关性分析、证据因子权重与后验概率分析、评价模型检验、易发程度评价。分析结果显示,坡度、坡向、地层岩性、断层、绿化灌溉、土地利用类型等地质灾害影响因素之间呈无相关或弱相关性,符合相互独立的要求,组成的模型ROC曲线(接受者操作特征曲线)AUC值(曲线下面积)为0.85,具有较高的预测精度。理论与实践表明,与其他统计学方法相比,证据权法同时考虑了评价指标中存在地质灾害与不存在地质灾害2种情况,避免了当地质灾害不存在时权重偏大导致结果失真的问题。证据权法结果为地质灾害发生的绝对概率,可以作为不同区域、地区的地质灾害易发程度对比的依据。

动态增强磁共振成像定量参数联合表观扩散系数值对外周带前列腺癌的诊断价值研究

目的探究动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数联合表观扩散系数(ADC)值诊断外周带早期前列腺癌的价值。方法选取2019年2月至2021年12月经穿刺病理学检查确诊为外周带早期前列腺癌31例和前列腺炎27例为研究对象。患者均进行DCE-MRI定量参数检查,以病理学检查结果为金标准,分析不同患者的DCE-MRI特征。并采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分析基于DCE-MRI定量参数与扩散加权成像(DWI)序列对外周带早期前列腺癌与前列腺炎的诊断价值。结果31例前列腺癌患者中,T2加权成像(T2WI)以外周带结节状低信号为主,占58.06%;DWI以结节状、弥漫性高信号,ADC值下降为主,占51.61%;DCE-MRI可见病灶早期强化,以延迟后病灶造影剂退出,强化曲线呈流出型为主,占64.52%。27例前列腺炎患者中,T2WI以外周带单侧或双侧弥漫性不均匀低信号为主,占51.85%;DWI可见外周带单侧或双侧不规则高信号,ADC值降低为主,占59.26%;DCE-MRI可见病灶早期强化,以延迟后造影剂退出不明显,强化曲线呈流入型为主,占81.48%。外周带早期前列腺癌患者ADC值低于前列腺炎,速率常数(Kep)值、转移常数(K^(trans))高于前列腺炎(P<0.05)。DCE-MRI定量参数联合ADC值诊断外周带早期前列腺癌的AUC为0.862(95%CI:0.659,0.865)、敏感度为87.10%,特异度为81.48%,准确度为84.48%,阳性预测值为84.38%,阴性预测值为84.62%。结论DCE-MRI定量参数联合ADC值对外周带早期前列腺癌的诊断效能良好,能显著提高临床检出率,为疾病的诊断与治疗提供依据。