Betel nut is the dry and mature seed of Areca catechu L.,which is originated in Malaysia and cultivated in Yunnan,Hainan and Taiwan and other tropical areas of China.It is also known as big belly,binmen,olive seed,gre...Betel nut is the dry and mature seed of Areca catechu L.,which is originated in Malaysia and cultivated in Yunnan,Hainan and Taiwan and other tropical areas of China.It is also known as big belly,binmen,olive seed,green seed and so on.Betel nut is a dual-use resource for medicine and food,which was first contained in LI Dang′s Pharmaceutical Record.Betel nut tastes bitter,pungent,warm in nature,and belongs to the stomach and large intestine meridian.It contains a variety of chemical components such as alkaloids,phenolic compounds,polysaccharides,fatty acids,amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, terpenoids, and steroids. It has the advantages of promoting digestion, lowering blood pres sure, anti-depression, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-parasites, antibacterial and other activities. The content of total phenols in fresh fruits of areca nut was 31.1%, mainly including catechin, isorhamnetin, chrysopanthoxanthin, luteolin, tannin and other polyphenols. The commonly used methods for determination of polyphenols in areca are vanil lin titration potassium permanganate titration and potassium ferricyanide spectrophotometry. The main activities and mechanisms of areca polyphenols include: ① Antidepressant effect: polyphenols bind to monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) receptors that inhibit the production of neurotransmitters, thereby increasing the content of amine transmitters in the brain and playing a therapeutic effect on depression. ② Antioxidant effect: polyphenols contain multiple adjacent hydroxyl groups, which are easily oxidized and can effectively remove superoxide anion free radical, hydroxyl free radi cal, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, showing good antioxidant activity. ③ Bacteriostatic effect: polyphenols can spe cifically bind to the surface of bacteria, thus achieving bacteriostatic effect. Studies have found that betel nut polyphenols have varying degrees of inhibitory effects on a variety of bacteria. ④ Inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes: polyphenols deplete the mercaptan in lymphocytes and make them unable to survive, thus inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. ⑤ Anti-aging effect: polyphenols have the effect of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase, so as to protect elastin fiber and pro mote collagen synthesis. ⑥ Anti-allergic effect: studies have found that polyphenols can reduce ovalbumin induced aller gic reactions. ⑦ Other functions: betel nut can freshen breath, eliminate bad breath, and resist the activity of cobra venom. At present, domestic and foreign scholars′ research on betel nut mainly focuses on arecoline and its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, effects on reproductive function, addiction and toxicity to the nervous system, and there are few studies on the positive effects of betel nut, especially on it. There is less research on phenolic ingredients. Therefore, this article reviews the polyphenolic chemical constituents of betel nut, and fully excavates its pharmacological activity to provide a reasonable basis for the scientific use of betel nut.展开更多
1 Introduction Areca catechu L.(Palmae), commonly known as an important economical seed crop, is widely culti-vated in tropical and subtropical areas, including India, Southeast Asia, East Africa and New Guinea. Areca...1 Introduction Areca catechu L.(Palmae), commonly known as an important economical seed crop, is widely culti-vated in tropical and subtropical areas, including India, Southeast Asia, East Africa and New Guinea. Areca nut(frequently known as betel nut) is the ripe fruit展开更多
The annual dynamic changes of nutrient content in soil and leaves of adult Areca catechu trees in the A.catechu producing area Tunchang were studied by fixed point observation method to provide the scientific basis fo...The annual dynamic changes of nutrient content in soil and leaves of adult Areca catechu trees in the A.catechu producing area Tunchang were studied by fixed point observation method to provide the scientific basis for the rational fertilization of A.catechu.The results showed that the soil of the A.catechu plantation was weakly acidic on the whole,and soil pH was 5.53.Soil phosphorus content was extremely low,only 5.46 mg/kg.Nitrogen content in A.catechu leaves was the highest( up to 20.24 g/kg),while phosphorus content was the lowest( only 0.31 g/kg).The differences in nutrient content were related to the characteristics of nutrient demand.There was a difference in nutrient content of A.catechu leaves during the annual growth period.Because the maximum nutrient requirement period of A.catechu trees was from April to September,the important fertilization period of A.catechu trees was also from April to September.展开更多
目的基于实时直接分析-四极杆飞行时间质谱法(direct analysis in real time-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,DART-QTOF-MS)结合非靶向代谢组学,快速分析青果槟榔与烟果槟榔代谢物差异。方法通过单因素实验,考察影响DART...目的基于实时直接分析-四极杆飞行时间质谱法(direct analysis in real time-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,DART-QTOF-MS)结合非靶向代谢组学,快速分析青果槟榔与烟果槟榔代谢物差异。方法通过单因素实验,考察影响DART离子源电离效率的关键因素;结合QTOF-MS以TOFMS和信息依赖采集模式分别在正离子和负离子模式下获得质谱数据,采用多元统计学软件建立无监督和有监督的判别模型并筛选差异化合物。采用MarkerView 1.3.1、PeakView软件及在线数据库对差异化合物进行初步鉴定。结果在正负两种扫描模式下,DART离子源的最佳工作条件为:离子化温度500℃、样品传输速度0.2 mm/s。在此条件下发现两种食用槟榔化学成分存在差异,获得了25种差异化合物;烟果槟榔中有20种化合物的相对含量高于青果槟榔,有5种化合物的相对含量低于青果槟榔。结论本研究采用实时直接分析质谱技术,具有操作方便、分析速度快、准确度高和稳定性好的优点。同时,该研究从代谢组学角度初步揭示了青果槟榔与烟果槟榔代谢物的差异性,可为食用槟榔的加工工艺研究及品质提升提供参考依据。展开更多
基金Fund of Dean of Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan(HCBL2020YZ-012)。
文摘Betel nut is the dry and mature seed of Areca catechu L.,which is originated in Malaysia and cultivated in Yunnan,Hainan and Taiwan and other tropical areas of China.It is also known as big belly,binmen,olive seed,green seed and so on.Betel nut is a dual-use resource for medicine and food,which was first contained in LI Dang′s Pharmaceutical Record.Betel nut tastes bitter,pungent,warm in nature,and belongs to the stomach and large intestine meridian.It contains a variety of chemical components such as alkaloids,phenolic compounds,polysaccharides,fatty acids,amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, terpenoids, and steroids. It has the advantages of promoting digestion, lowering blood pres sure, anti-depression, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-parasites, antibacterial and other activities. The content of total phenols in fresh fruits of areca nut was 31.1%, mainly including catechin, isorhamnetin, chrysopanthoxanthin, luteolin, tannin and other polyphenols. The commonly used methods for determination of polyphenols in areca are vanil lin titration potassium permanganate titration and potassium ferricyanide spectrophotometry. The main activities and mechanisms of areca polyphenols include: ① Antidepressant effect: polyphenols bind to monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) receptors that inhibit the production of neurotransmitters, thereby increasing the content of amine transmitters in the brain and playing a therapeutic effect on depression. ② Antioxidant effect: polyphenols contain multiple adjacent hydroxyl groups, which are easily oxidized and can effectively remove superoxide anion free radical, hydroxyl free radi cal, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, showing good antioxidant activity. ③ Bacteriostatic effect: polyphenols can spe cifically bind to the surface of bacteria, thus achieving bacteriostatic effect. Studies have found that betel nut polyphenols have varying degrees of inhibitory effects on a variety of bacteria. ④ Inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes: polyphenols deplete the mercaptan in lymphocytes and make them unable to survive, thus inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. ⑤ Anti-aging effect: polyphenols have the effect of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase, so as to protect elastin fiber and pro mote collagen synthesis. ⑥ Anti-allergic effect: studies have found that polyphenols can reduce ovalbumin induced aller gic reactions. ⑦ Other functions: betel nut can freshen breath, eliminate bad breath, and resist the activity of cobra venom. At present, domestic and foreign scholars′ research on betel nut mainly focuses on arecoline and its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, effects on reproductive function, addiction and toxicity to the nervous system, and there are few studies on the positive effects of betel nut, especially on it. There is less research on phenolic ingredients. Therefore, this article reviews the polyphenolic chemical constituents of betel nut, and fully excavates its pharmacological activity to provide a reasonable basis for the scientific use of betel nut.
基金Supported by the National Programs for Science and Technology Development of China(No.2007B127B04)
文摘1 Introduction Areca catechu L.(Palmae), commonly known as an important economical seed crop, is widely culti-vated in tropical and subtropical areas, including India, Southeast Asia, East Africa and New Guinea. Areca nut(frequently known as betel nut) is the ripe fruit
基金Supported by National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CATAS-TCGRI(1630032016015)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(317264)
文摘The annual dynamic changes of nutrient content in soil and leaves of adult Areca catechu trees in the A.catechu producing area Tunchang were studied by fixed point observation method to provide the scientific basis for the rational fertilization of A.catechu.The results showed that the soil of the A.catechu plantation was weakly acidic on the whole,and soil pH was 5.53.Soil phosphorus content was extremely low,only 5.46 mg/kg.Nitrogen content in A.catechu leaves was the highest( up to 20.24 g/kg),while phosphorus content was the lowest( only 0.31 g/kg).The differences in nutrient content were related to the characteristics of nutrient demand.There was a difference in nutrient content of A.catechu leaves during the annual growth period.Because the maximum nutrient requirement period of A.catechu trees was from April to September,the important fertilization period of A.catechu trees was also from April to September.
文摘目的基于实时直接分析-四极杆飞行时间质谱法(direct analysis in real time-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,DART-QTOF-MS)结合非靶向代谢组学,快速分析青果槟榔与烟果槟榔代谢物差异。方法通过单因素实验,考察影响DART离子源电离效率的关键因素;结合QTOF-MS以TOFMS和信息依赖采集模式分别在正离子和负离子模式下获得质谱数据,采用多元统计学软件建立无监督和有监督的判别模型并筛选差异化合物。采用MarkerView 1.3.1、PeakView软件及在线数据库对差异化合物进行初步鉴定。结果在正负两种扫描模式下,DART离子源的最佳工作条件为:离子化温度500℃、样品传输速度0.2 mm/s。在此条件下发现两种食用槟榔化学成分存在差异,获得了25种差异化合物;烟果槟榔中有20种化合物的相对含量高于青果槟榔,有5种化合物的相对含量低于青果槟榔。结论本研究采用实时直接分析质谱技术,具有操作方便、分析速度快、准确度高和稳定性好的优点。同时,该研究从代谢组学角度初步揭示了青果槟榔与烟果槟榔代谢物的差异性,可为食用槟榔的加工工艺研究及品质提升提供参考依据。
