The founding Greek vision on virtue/areté(άρέτη)offers a significant pathway to continuously reflect upon and understand,to activate and improve our own potential in promoting human well-being.It eventually le...The founding Greek vision on virtue/areté(άρέτη)offers a significant pathway to continuously reflect upon and understand,to activate and improve our own potential in promoting human well-being.It eventually leads to the value of wisdom in life,so much needed in tumultuous times of the current multilevel crisis;the moral one deeply affecting but also challenging to problem-solving the individual and society alike in the context of the axiological disarray we have to deal with.Highlighting the aretelogical approach as it has been developed from the Presocratics to the Hellenistic philosophers sustains the effort of comprehending the necessity of virtue in reaching and experiencing human well-being;hence the invitation to(re)learn from a great philosophical tradition focusing on the ethical nucleus-value articulated through the ancient“cardinal virtues”and that persisted over the centuries till the nowadays’“technomoral virtues”.We aim to raise awareness about the royal way of virtue by exploring and appropriating its meaning worth to be constantly disclosed for an authentic human life enlightened by the ideal of eudaimonίa(εύδαιμονία).展开更多
Assessing hydrological consequences of climate change at the catchment scale is recently among key problems in hydrology.This study focuses on the estimation of changes in the hydrological regime in the Fuglebekken ca...Assessing hydrological consequences of climate change at the catchment scale is recently among key problems in hydrology.This study focuses on the estimation of changes in the hydrological regime in the Fuglebekken catchment in SW Spitsbergen(Svalbard).For this purpose,50 rainfll-runoff models were calibrated using available hydrometeorological observations.The models were validated based on archival flow and SWE observations,and proxy data from time-lapse cameras.Six models(FLEX-IS,GSM-SOCONT,PRMS,HBV,Nordic HBV,and GR4J)with the best performance were applied to reconstruct the past hydrological conditions and analyse the trends in flow regime in the period 1979-2020.Statistically significant changes at 0.05 level in the flow regime indicators were detected,including the number of days with the active flow during the calendar year(10.8 d per decade),during the mid-May-November period(9.8 d per decade),the date of the first day with the flow(-4.7 d per decade),and the last day with the flow during mid-May-November(8.4 d per decade).A statistically significant increase in runoff was estimated for two periods from mid-May to the end of June and the second part of August till mid-November.The changes in the first period result from increases in air temperature and earlier snowmelt-driven floods.An estimated runoff increase in the second period corresponds to large increases in rainfall.The increase in air temperature,earlier disappearance of snow,and decrease in precipitation in July and the first part of August result in runoff reduction.The presented results show that the Fuglebekken‘catchment's hydrological regime has already changed.The magnitude of the changes is larger compared to catchments located in lower latitudes.展开更多
The criticisms of the falsity of universal recognition carried| out by leftists, led by Karl Max, and the queries of its desirability proposed by rightists, represented by Friedrich Nietzsche, raise challenges to Fran...The criticisms of the falsity of universal recognition carried| out by leftists, led by Karl Max, and the queries of its desirability proposed by rightists, represented by Friedrich Nietzsche, raise challenges to Francis Fukuyama’s theory of “the end of history” from two opposite directions. At present, Chinese-style political meritocracy based on the party state is a political form that combines these left-wing and right-wing challenges and has the potential to move beyond “the end of history”. However, whether it can truly surpass “the end of history” depends on whether it can form a desirable and stable alternative political form under modern conditions. To this end, Chinese-style political meritocracy must respond positively to the three challenges it faces under modern conditions: the tension between “debicheng- wei” (one’s virtue must have a matching position, 德必称位) and moral universal- ism, the corrosion of social justice from the hierarchical social structure caused by “weibichenglu” (one’s position must have a matching salary, 位必称禄), and the threat of social indoctrination to individual autonomy. The “introversive political meritocracy” jointly shaped by “advocating morals for the public,” “arete based on altruism,” and “introversive self-cultivation” is a desirable political form that can successfully respond to these three challenges.展开更多
文摘The founding Greek vision on virtue/areté(άρέτη)offers a significant pathway to continuously reflect upon and understand,to activate and improve our own potential in promoting human well-being.It eventually leads to the value of wisdom in life,so much needed in tumultuous times of the current multilevel crisis;the moral one deeply affecting but also challenging to problem-solving the individual and society alike in the context of the axiological disarray we have to deal with.Highlighting the aretelogical approach as it has been developed from the Presocratics to the Hellenistic philosophers sustains the effort of comprehending the necessity of virtue in reaching and experiencing human well-being;hence the invitation to(re)learn from a great philosophical tradition focusing on the ethical nucleus-value articulated through the ancient“cardinal virtues”and that persisted over the centuries till the nowadays’“technomoral virtues”.We aim to raise awareness about the royal way of virtue by exploring and appropriating its meaning worth to be constantly disclosed for an authentic human life enlightened by the ideal of eudaimonίa(εύδαιμονία).
基金supported by the Polish National Science Centre(2017/27/B/ST10/01269 and 2020/38/E/ST10/00139)and partially by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education subsidy for the Institute of Geophysics,Polish Academy of Sciences.The hydrometeorological time series are summarised by Wawrzyniak et al.(2021),and access to the data is available in the PANGAEA repository(https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921921).Archival meteorological time series is also available in the PANGAEA repository(https:/l doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.909042)with the data overview described by Wawrzyniak and Osuch(2020).
文摘Assessing hydrological consequences of climate change at the catchment scale is recently among key problems in hydrology.This study focuses on the estimation of changes in the hydrological regime in the Fuglebekken catchment in SW Spitsbergen(Svalbard).For this purpose,50 rainfll-runoff models were calibrated using available hydrometeorological observations.The models were validated based on archival flow and SWE observations,and proxy data from time-lapse cameras.Six models(FLEX-IS,GSM-SOCONT,PRMS,HBV,Nordic HBV,and GR4J)with the best performance were applied to reconstruct the past hydrological conditions and analyse the trends in flow regime in the period 1979-2020.Statistically significant changes at 0.05 level in the flow regime indicators were detected,including the number of days with the active flow during the calendar year(10.8 d per decade),during the mid-May-November period(9.8 d per decade),the date of the first day with the flow(-4.7 d per decade),and the last day with the flow during mid-May-November(8.4 d per decade).A statistically significant increase in runoff was estimated for two periods from mid-May to the end of June and the second part of August till mid-November.The changes in the first period result from increases in air temperature and earlier snowmelt-driven floods.An estimated runoff increase in the second period corresponds to large increases in rainfall.The increase in air temperature,earlier disappearance of snow,and decrease in precipitation in July and the first part of August result in runoff reduction.The presented results show that the Fuglebekken‘catchment's hydrological regime has already changed.The magnitude of the changes is larger compared to catchments located in lower latitudes.
文摘The criticisms of the falsity of universal recognition carried| out by leftists, led by Karl Max, and the queries of its desirability proposed by rightists, represented by Friedrich Nietzsche, raise challenges to Francis Fukuyama’s theory of “the end of history” from two opposite directions. At present, Chinese-style political meritocracy based on the party state is a political form that combines these left-wing and right-wing challenges and has the potential to move beyond “the end of history”. However, whether it can truly surpass “the end of history” depends on whether it can form a desirable and stable alternative political form under modern conditions. To this end, Chinese-style political meritocracy must respond positively to the three challenges it faces under modern conditions: the tension between “debicheng- wei” (one’s virtue must have a matching position, 德必称位) and moral universal- ism, the corrosion of social justice from the hierarchical social structure caused by “weibichenglu” (one’s position must have a matching salary, 位必称禄), and the threat of social indoctrination to individual autonomy. The “introversive political meritocracy” jointly shaped by “advocating morals for the public,” “arete based on altruism,” and “introversive self-cultivation” is a desirable political form that can successfully respond to these three challenges.
