Chemical profiling of principle active and toxic constituents in herbs containing aristolochic acids

Objective:To clear the amounts of the principal active/toxic components in herbs containing aristolochic acids(HCAAs),which are still used as medicine and/or seasoning in many ethnic minority areas of China.Methods:In this study,six major active and toxic components in HCAAs were extracted with ultrasonic extraction.With 6-O-methyl guanosine as internal standard,the target compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)with multiple reaction monitoringinformation dependent acquisition-enhanced production ion scanning mode(MRM-IDA-EPI)combined with dynamic background subtraction(DBS)function.Results:The method showed good linearity in the linear range of the six analytes.The limit range of detection was from 0.01 ng/mL to 0.27 ng/mL.All of the detection repeatability,extraction repeatability and accuracy of the method were good.After extraction,the samples remained stable at 15℃ within 24 h.Six analytes were all found in samples except aristolactam(AL)in sample 2,and the contents varied greatly.The contents of these compounds decreased in fruits,leaves and stems of Aristolochia delavayi successively.Conclusion:This method has the advantages of less sample dosage,simple operation,short analysis cycle,high sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.It laid a good foundation for guiding the safety of HCAAs,the indepth study of pharmacological and toxicological effects and the scientific and standardized processing and compatibility of HCAAs.

Identification of Aristolactam Derivatives That Act as Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Replication by Targeting Tat-Mediated Viral Transcription

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy(ART),efforts to develop new classes of antiviral agents have been hampered by the emergence of drug resistance.Dibenzo-indole-bearing aristolactams are compounds that have been isolated from various plants species and which show several clinically relevant effects,including anti-inflammatory,antiplatelet,and antimycobacterial actions.However,the effect of these compounds on human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)infection has not yet been studied.In this study,we discovered an aristolactam derivative bearing dibenzo[cd,f]indol-4(5 H)-one that had a potent anti-HIV-1 effect.A structure-activity relationship(SAR)study using nine synthetic derivatives of aristolactam identified the differing effects of residue substitutions on the inhibition of HIV-1 infection and cell viability.Among the compounds tested,1,2,8,9-tetramethoxy-5-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-dibenzo[cd,f]indol-4(5 H)-one(Compound 2)exhibited the most potent activity by inhibiting HIV-1 infection with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 1.03 lmol/L and a half-maximal cytotoxic concentration(CC50)of 16.91 lmol/L(selectivity index,16.45).The inhibitory effect of the compounds on HIV-1 infection was linked to inhibition of the viral replication cycle.Mode-of-action studies showed that the aristolactam derivatives did not affect reverse transcription or integration;instead,they specifically inhibited Tat-mediated viral transcription.Taken together,these findings show that several aristolactam derivatives impaired HIV-1 infection by inhibiting the activity of Tat-mediated viral transcription,and suggest that these derivatives could be antiviral drug candidates.

马兜铃酸Ⅰ-脱氧核苷结合物对照品制备方法研究

建立了以马兜铃内酰胺Ⅰ为原料的溴化及交叉偶联二步有机合成工艺,粗产物经过4种溶剂除杂纯化,制得马兜铃酸Ⅰ(aristolochic acidsⅠ,AAⅠ)的3种脱氧核苷结合物产物AAⅠ-dA、AAⅠ-dG、AAⅠ-dC,2步反应的收率均可达到90%,产物纯度均大于98%,满足中药化学对照品定性定量要求。该工艺重复性好,适合放大制备,具有制备步骤短及纯化操作高效、勿需色谱分离、产品收率及纯度高等特点。相比其他方法,该方法优势显著,更适于马兜铃酸Ⅰ-脱氧核苷结合物化学对照品制备。新开发的工艺为马兜铃酸Ⅰ-脱氧核苷结合物对照品的制备提供了技术支撑,为相关毒理学研究提供了坚实的物质基础。

UPLC-MS/MS法测定再造丸中的4种马兜铃酸类成分

目的采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定再造丸中马兜铃酸Ⅰ、马兜铃酸Ⅱ、马兜铃酸Ⅲ、马兜铃内酰胺Ⅰ的含量。方法采用WatersAcquityBEHUPLCC_(18)色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm),以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液(含5mmol·L^(-1)甲酸铵)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.3mL·min^(-1),采用电喷雾离子源,正离子模式下,多反应监测模式下,用外标法定量。结果4种马兜铃酸类成分在各自浓度范围内的线性关系良好(r>0.9990),平均加样回收率为88.4%~102.5%,RSD均小于5%。结论所用方法的专属性好、灵敏度高、结果准确,可为再造丸的质量控制提供参考。