Characterization of Arithmetic Functions that Preserve the Sum-of-squares Operation

We characterize all functions f ： N → C such that f（m^2 ＋ n^2） = f（m）^2 ＋ f（n）^2 for all m, n ∈ N. It turns out that all such functions can be grouped into three families, namely f ≡ 0, f（n） = ±n （subject to some restrictions on when the choice of the sign is possible） and f（n） =±l/2（again subject to some restrictions on when the choice of the sign is possible）.

On the Equality of Weighted BajratarevićMeans to Quasi-Arithmetic Means

In this paper, we considered the equality problem of weighted Bajraktarević means with weighted quasi-arithmetic means. Using the method of substituting for functions, we first transform the equality problem into solving an equivalent functional equation. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the equality equation.

Averages of shifted convolution sums for arithmetic functions

Let f be a full-level cusp form for GLm(Z) with Fourier coefficients Af(cm-2,…, c1, n): Let λ(n) be either the von Mangoldt function Λ(n) or the k-th divisor function τk(n): We consider averages of shifted convolution sums of the type Σ|h|≤H |ΣX<n≤2XAf (1,…, 1, n+h)λ(n)|^2. We succeed in obtaining a saving of an arbitrary power of the logarithm, provided that X^8/33+ε≤H≤X^1-ε.

A STUDY ON THE WEIGHT FUNCTION OF THE MOVING LEAST SQUARE APPROXIMATION IN THE LOCAL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD

The meshless method is a new numerical technique presented in recent years.It uses the moving least square(MLS)approximation as a shape function.The smoothness of the MLS approximation is determined by that of the basic function and of the weight function,and is mainly determined by that of the weight function.Therefore,the weight function greatly affects the accuracy of results obtained.Different kinds of weight functions,such as the spline function, the Gauss function and so on,are proposed recently by many researchers.In the present work,the features of various weight functions are illustrated through solving elasto-static problems using the local boundary integral equation method.The effect of various weight functions on the accuracy, convergence and stability of results obtained is also discussed.Examples show that the weight function proposed by Zhou Weiyuan and Gauss and the quartic spline weight function are better than the others if parameters c and α in Gauss and exponential weight functions are in the range of reasonable values,respectively,and the higher the smoothness of the weight function,the better the features of the solutions.

A Numerical Method for Solving Ill-Conditioned Equation Systems Arising from Radial Basis Functions

Continuously differentiable radial basis functions (C∞-RBFs), while being theoretically exponentially convergent are considered impractical computationally because the coefficient matrices are full and can become very ill- conditioned. Similarly, the Hilbert and Vandermonde have full matrices and become ill-conditioned. The difference between a coefficient matrix generated by C∞-RBFs for partial differential or integral equations and Hilbert and Vandermonde systems is that C∞-RBFs are very sensitive to small changes in the adjustable parameters. These parameters affect the condition number and solution accuracy. The error terrain has many local and global maxima and minima. To find stable and accurate numerical solutions for full linear equation systems, this study proposes a hybrid combination of block Gaussian elimination (BGE) combined with arbitrary precision arithmetic (APA) to minimize the accumulation of rounding errors. In the future, this algorithm can execute faster using preconditioners and implemented on massively parallel computers.

A Radial Basis Function Method with Improved Accuracy for Fourth Order Boundary Value Problems

Accurately approximating higher order derivatives is an inherently difficult problem. It is shown that a random variable shape parameter strategy can improve the accuracy of approximating higher order derivatives with Radial Basis Function methods. The method is used to solve fourth order boundary value problems. The use and location of ghost points are examined in order to enforce the extra boundary conditions that are necessary to make a fourth-order problem well posed. The use of ghost points versus solving an overdetermined linear system via least squares is studied. For a general fourth-order boundary value problem, the recommended approach is to either use one of two novel sets of ghost centers introduced here or else to use a least squares approach. When using either ghost centers or least squares, the random variable shape parameter strategy results in significantly better accuracy than when a constant shape parameter is used.

Fractional sum and fractional difference on non-uniform lattices and analogue of Euler and Cauchy Beta formulas

As is well known,the definitions of fractional sum and fractional difference of f(z)on non-uniform lattices x(z)=c1z^(2)+c2z+c3 or x(z)=c1q^(z)+c2q^(-z)+c3 are more difficult and complicated.In this article,for the first time we propose the definitions of the fractional sum and fractional difference on non-uniform lattices by two different ways.The analogue of Euler’s Beta formula,Cauchy’Beta formula on non-uniform lattices are established,and some fundamental theorems of fractional calculas,the solution of the generalized Abel equation on non-uniform lattices are obtained etc.

Global Avalanche Characteristics of Boolean Functions by Concatenation

In order to measure the correlation propeties of two Boolean functions,the global avalanche characteristics of Boolean functions constructed by concatenation are discussed,i.e.,f_1‖f_2and f_1‖f_2‖f_3‖f_4.Firstly,for the function f = f_1‖f_2,the cross-correlation function of f_1,f_2 in the special condition are studied.In this case,f,f_1,f_2 must be in desired form.By computing their sum-of-squares indicators,the crosscorrelation function between f_1,f_2 is obtained.Secondly,for the function g = f_1‖f_2‖f_3‖f_4,by analyzing the relation among their auto-correlation functions,their sum-of-squares indicators are investigated.Based on them,the sum-of-squares indicators of functions obtained by Canteaut et al.are investigated.The results show that the correlation property of g is good when the correlation properties of Boolean functions f_1,f_2,f_3,f_4 are good.

Three Semi-empirical Analytic Expressions for the Radial Distribution Function of Hard Spheres

Three simple analytic expressions satisfying the limitation condition at low densities for the radial distribution function of hard spheres are developed in terms of a polynomial expansion of nonlinear base functions and the Carnahan-Starling equation of state. The simplicity and precision for these expressions are superior to the well-known Percus Yevick expression. The coefficients contained in these expressions have been determined by fitting the Monte Carlo data for the first coordination shell, and by fitting both the Monte Carlo data and the numerical results of PercusYevick expression for the second coordination shell. One of the expressions has been applied to develop an analytic equation of state for the square-well fluid, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the computer simulation data.

有向拓扑结构下复杂网络系统的同步验证

研究了具有非线性耦合的复杂网络系统的同步验证问题.基于一般的非二次型Lyapunov函数,建立了保守性更弱的有向拓扑结构下的非线性网络系统的同步判据.对于多项式网络系统,将可同步问题转化为平方和优化问题,由此来高效地求解高阶的多项式Lyapunov函数.求解平方和优化问题隶属于凸优化框架,因此可以在多项式时间内自动地实现系统的同步验证.最后,通过一个数值仿真实例验证了理论结果的有效性,同时说明了所提出的方法可以使用一个较小的耦合强度下界来确保同步实现.

The improved element-free Galerkin method forthree-dimensional wave equation

The paper presents the improved element-free Galerkin （IEFG） method for three-dimensional wave propa- gation. The improved moving least-squares （IMLS） approx- imation is employed to construct the shape function, which uses an orthogonal function system with a weight function as the basis function. Compared with the conventional moving least-squares （MLS） approximation, the algebraic equation system in the IMLS approximation is not ill-conditioned, and can be solved directly without deriving the inverse matrix. Because there are fewer coefficients in the IMLS than in the MLS approximation, fewer nodes are selected in the IEFG method than in the element-free Galerkin method. Thus, the IEFG method has a higher computing speed. In the IEFG method, the Galerkin weak form is employed to obtain a dis- cretized system equation, and the penalty method is applied to impose the essential boundary condition. The traditional difference method for two-point boundary value problems is selected for the time discretization. As the wave equations and the boundary-initial conditions depend on time, the scal- ing parameter, number of nodes and the time step length are considered for the convergence study.

A computational model of the human glucose-insulin regulatory system

Objective：A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for a system of ordinary differential equations（ODEs）that represent the time course of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance test（GTT）in physiological studies is presented.The aim of this study was to explore how to interpret those laboratory glucose and insulin data as well as enhance the Ackerman mathematical model.Methods：Parameters estimation for a system of ODEs was performed by minimizing the sum of squared residuals（SSR）function,which quantifies the difference between theoretical model predictions and GTT＇s experimental observations.Our proposed perturbation search and multiple-shooting methods were applied during the estimating process.Results：Based on the Ackerman＇s published data,we estimated the key parameters by applying R-based iterative computer programs.As a result,the theoretically simulated curves perfectly matched the experimental data points.Our model showed that the estimated parameters,computed frequency and period values,were proven a good indicator of diabetes.Conclusion：The present paper introduces a computational algorithm to biomedical problems,particularly to endocrinology and metabolism fields,which involves two coupled differential equations with four parameters describing the glucose-insulin regulatory system that Ackerman proposed earlier.The enhanced approach may provide clinicians in endocrinology and metabolism field insight into the transition nature of human metabolic mechanism from normal to impaired glucose tolerance.

A Local Meshless Method for Two Classes of Parabolic Inverse Problems

A local meshless method is applied to find the numerical solutions of two classes of inverse problems in parabolic equations. The problem is reconstructing the source term using a solution specified at some internal points;one class is that the source term is time dependent, and the other class is that the source term is time and space dependent. Some numerical experiments are presented and discussed.

Algebra and Geometry of Sets in Boolean Space

In the present paper, geometry of the Boolean space Bn in terms of Hausdorff distances between subsets and subset sums is investigated. The main results are the algebraic and analytical expressions for representing of classical figures in Bn and the functions of distances between them. In particular, equations in sets are considered and their interpretations in combinatory terms are given.

基于能量信息耦合梯度调节机制的图像修复算法设计与应用

为了克服当前图像修复算法主要依靠图像的置信度信息来获取优先修复块,忽略了图像的能量信息,导致修复结果中存在不连续及伪吉布斯现象等缺陷,设计了基于能量信息与梯度调节机制的图像修复算法;首先,通过区域能量函数来求取图像的能量信息,以计算待修复块的优先权信息,得到优先修复块;然后,基于图像梯度模值,建立梯度调节机制,以调节样本块的大小,获取与图像纹理相适应的样本块尺寸;引入平方差求和(SSD)函数,以确定最优匹配块;最后,通过像素点间的差异性,构造相似惩罚因子,以更新置信度项,完成图像的修复;实验结果显示,在所提算法中将变化阈值取值为0.5时,较当前图像修复方案而言,所提算法具备更好的修复性能,所得到的修复图像拥有更好的纹理连贯性与更高的结构相似(SSIM)值;当对像素丢失比例达到50%的图像进行修复时,较对照组算法而言,所提算法修复图像的SSIM值分别提高了6.5%和17.5%。

数论函数的分式和

利用Goswami方法讨论一类数论函数与取整函数复合的均值问题,并给出∑fn≤xf[x/n]/[x/n]≤(x→∞)的渐近公式.

基于分段多项式李雅普诺夫函数的模糊系统的稳定性分析

本文采用最大型分段多项式李雅普诺夫函数研究了多项式模糊系统的闭环稳定性问题.首先,本文设计了与分段李雅普诺夫函数对应的切换模糊控制器,提出了多项式模糊模型稳定的平方和条件,同时证明了最大型分段多项式李雅普诺夫函数在函数切换点的稳定性.然后,设计了相应的路径跟踪优化算法,对本文非凸的稳定条件进行迭代求解.最后,通过两个算例进行仿真与比较,说明并验证了本文所提出结论的可行有效性.

考虑双程声径的走航式水下差分定位方法

水下声学定位中存在收发时刻位置差、声速误差等系统性误差,传统方法无法同时削弱这些误差的影响。针对该问题,本文采用历元间差分削弱系统误差的影响,给出了一种考虑双程声径的走航式水下差分定位方法,对其函数、随机模型进行了推导,并通过仿真和实测算例验证本方法的定位精度水平。结果表明:传统单程非差、单程差分、双程非差以及考虑双程声径的差分方法,对应的观测值残差均方根误差分别为3.460、3.396、1.692和1.471 m,证明本方法有效提高了水下定位的精度,且较适用于深海区域的水下定位。

一维有限深方势阱能量本征方程的泰勒级数解和二次近似解

一维有限深方势阱能量本征方程的求解受限于超越方程,无法严格求解.本文将奇、偶宇称情况的超越方程归结为一个方程,自洽地给出两种近似解析解:一阶泰勒级数解和二次近似解.分析二者适用范围并做误差分析,发现泰勒级数解可以很好地理解能谱随量子数n平方变化的数值解(即,所谓n平方律),但在特定参数R下失效,该参数正比于势阱宽度乘以势阱高度开方.二次近似解对所有参数R都适用,能谱在大R极限下,可退化为精确求解的无限深势阱情况.对于任意参数R,二次近似波函数的保真度始终大于99.7%.

基于拟Legendre多项式求解Klein-Gordon方程的数值方法

利用拟Legendre多项式算法研究一类Klein-Gordon方程的数值解法.首先利用拟Legendre多项式逼近未知函数;其次推导出未知函数的微分算子矩阵,再将所求解的偏微分方程离散化为易于求解的代数方程组;最后通过最小二乘法求得数值解.文章给出数值算例来验证所提算法的有效性和高效性,尤其是对于线性的问题,具有更好的逼近效果.