Global warming will affect growth strategies and how trees will adapt.To compare the response of tree radial growth to climate warming in different slope directions,samples of Pinus armandii Franch were collected and ...Global warming will affect growth strategies and how trees will adapt.To compare the response of tree radial growth to climate warming in different slope directions,samples of Pinus armandii Franch were collected and treering chronologies developed on northern and western slopes from the Lubanling in the Funiu Mountains.Correlation analyses showed that two chronologies were mainly limited by temperatures in the previous June–August and the combination of temperatures and moisture in the current May–July.The difference of the climate response to slopes was small but not negligible.Radial growth of the LBL01 site on the northern slope was affected by the combined maximum and minimum temperatures,while that of the LBL02 site was affected by maximum temperatures.With regards to moisture,radial growth of the trees on the north slope was influenced by the relative humidity in the current May–July,while on the western slope,it was affected by the relative humidity in the previous June–August,the current May–July and the precipitation in the current May–July.With the change in climate,the effects of the main limiting factors on growth on different slopes were visible to a certain extent,but the differences in response of trees on different slopes gradually decreased,which might be caused by factors such as different slope directions and the change in diurnal temperature range.These results may provide information for forest protection and ecological construction in this region,and a scientific reference for future climate reconstruction.展开更多
Specimens of fossil wood preserved lignified in Pliocene brown coal and identified as Pinus armandii Francher come from an opencast coalmine at Longling in western Yunnan Province, China. Phytochemical investigation o...Specimens of fossil wood preserved lignified in Pliocene brown coal and identified as Pinus armandii Francher come from an opencast coalmine at Longling in western Yunnan Province, China. Phytochemical investigation of the fossil wood isolated using liquid column chromatography seven compounds （1-7） including a new fluorene derivative named 11,11-dimethyl-11H-benzo[b]fluorene. A further 28 volatiles were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Spectroscopic investigation methods, including MS and 1D and 2D-NMR techniques elucidated the structure of the seven compounds. Two types of natural products, isopimara and stilbene commonly occuring in extant and Pliocene fossil P. armandii indicate phytochemical fidelity during burial under certain circumstances in sediments. Discovery of stilbenes that can inhibit the activities of wood-destroying fungi in the Pliocene P. armandii prompts the assumption that the chemical preservation of this Pliocene fossil wood of P. armandii in brown coal might contribute to the presence of inner natural inhibitors against wood-destroying fungi.展开更多
Mutong is a kind of medicine for promoting water circulation and drenching.There are many kinds of Aristolochia manshuriensis(Guan Mu Tong),which are commonly used in clinic,such as Mutong,Caulis Clematidis Armandii(C...Mutong is a kind of medicine for promoting water circulation and drenching.There are many kinds of Aristolochia manshuriensis(Guan Mu Tong),which are commonly used in clinic,such as Mutong,Caulis Clematidis Armandii(Chuan Mu Tong)and Mutong.After the event of"Longdan Xiegan pill",the doctor made Chuanmu general taboo,or replaced it with other drugs,or did not dare to use it for a long time,which affected the clinical effect.This paper discusses the toxicity of Mutong.展开更多
以草海国家级自然保护区华山松(Pinus armandii)为研究对象,采用典型样地调查法,以胸径代替龄级,从静态生命表、存活曲线、生存分析和时间序列分析等方面定量研究华山松种群的结构特征及动态变化,为喀斯特森林生态系统的保护、资源管理...以草海国家级自然保护区华山松(Pinus armandii)为研究对象,采用典型样地调查法,以胸径代替龄级,从静态生命表、存活曲线、生存分析和时间序列分析等方面定量研究华山松种群的结构特征及动态变化,为喀斯特森林生态系统的保护、资源管理和恢复重建提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)华山松种群呈两头小中间大的纺锤形结构,数量动态指数(V n)随龄级的增加波动较大,但忽略外部干扰的种群数量变化动态指数(V p i)和考虑外部干扰的种群数量变化动态指数(V p i′)均大于0,属增长型种群,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型;(2)生存分析显示,华山松生存率逐渐降低,累积死亡率逐渐增加,两者呈相反的变化趋势;死亡密度和危险率曲线反差明显,死亡密度曲线变化平缓,稳中有降,危险率曲线逐渐增加,综合表明华山松种群具有前期平稳、中期增长、后期衰退的特点;(3)时间序列分析显示,华山松种群在未来经历2、4、6、8龄级后,Ⅰ~Ⅲ龄级个体数逐渐减少,Ⅴ~Ⅸ龄级个体数则逐渐增加。研究表明,华山松种群的更新主要受建成机制制约,建议对幼苗和幼树加强抚育和管理养护措施。展开更多
Compared with the use of monocultures in the field,cultivation of medicinal herbs in forests is an effective strategy to alleviate disease.Chemical interactions between herbs and trees play an important role in diseas...Compared with the use of monocultures in the field,cultivation of medicinal herbs in forests is an effective strategy to alleviate disease.Chemical interactions between herbs and trees play an important role in disease suppression in forests.We evaluated the ability of leachates from needles of Pinus armandii to induce resistance in Panax notoginseng leaves,identified the components via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and then deciphered the mechanism of 2,3-Butanediol as the main component in the leachates responsible for resistance induction via RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).Prespraying leachates and 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves could induce the resistance of P.notoginseng to Alternaria panax.The RNA-seq results showed that prespraying 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves with or without A.panax infection upregulated the expression of large number of genes,many of which are involved in transcription factor activity and the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway.Specifically,2,3-Butanediol spraying resulted in jasmonic acid(JA)-mediated induced systemic resistance(ISR) by activating MYC2 and ERF1.Moreover,2,3-Butanediol induced systemic acquired resistance(SAR) by upregulating pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)-and effector-triggered immunity(ETI)-related genes and activated camalexin biosynthesis through activation of WRKY33.Overall,2,3-Butanediol from the leachates of pine needles could activate the resistance of P.notoginseng to leaf disease infection through ISR,SAR and camalexin biosynthesis.Thus,2,3-Butanediol is worth developing as a chemical inducer for agricultural production.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.4207741741671042)。
文摘Global warming will affect growth strategies and how trees will adapt.To compare the response of tree radial growth to climate warming in different slope directions,samples of Pinus armandii Franch were collected and treering chronologies developed on northern and western slopes from the Lubanling in the Funiu Mountains.Correlation analyses showed that two chronologies were mainly limited by temperatures in the previous June–August and the combination of temperatures and moisture in the current May–July.The difference of the climate response to slopes was small but not negligible.Radial growth of the LBL01 site on the northern slope was affected by the combined maximum and minimum temperatures,while that of the LBL02 site was affected by maximum temperatures.With regards to moisture,radial growth of the trees on the north slope was influenced by the relative humidity in the current May–July,while on the western slope,it was affected by the relative humidity in the previous June–August,the current May–July and the precipitation in the current May–July.With the change in climate,the effects of the main limiting factors on growth on different slopes were visible to a certain extent,but the differences in response of trees on different slopes gradually decreased,which might be caused by factors such as different slope directions and the change in diurnal temperature range.These results may provide information for forest protection and ecological construction in this region,and a scientific reference for future climate reconstruction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40403014)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX1-10-01,KZCX2-SW-118)
文摘Specimens of fossil wood preserved lignified in Pliocene brown coal and identified as Pinus armandii Francher come from an opencast coalmine at Longling in western Yunnan Province, China. Phytochemical investigation of the fossil wood isolated using liquid column chromatography seven compounds （1-7） including a new fluorene derivative named 11,11-dimethyl-11H-benzo[b]fluorene. A further 28 volatiles were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Spectroscopic investigation methods, including MS and 1D and 2D-NMR techniques elucidated the structure of the seven compounds. Two types of natural products, isopimara and stilbene commonly occuring in extant and Pliocene fossil P. armandii indicate phytochemical fidelity during burial under certain circumstances in sediments. Discovery of stilbenes that can inhibit the activities of wood-destroying fungi in the Pliocene P. armandii prompts the assumption that the chemical preservation of this Pliocene fossil wood of P. armandii in brown coal might contribute to the presence of inner natural inhibitors against wood-destroying fungi.
文摘Mutong is a kind of medicine for promoting water circulation and drenching.There are many kinds of Aristolochia manshuriensis(Guan Mu Tong),which are commonly used in clinic,such as Mutong,Caulis Clematidis Armandii(Chuan Mu Tong)and Mutong.After the event of"Longdan Xiegan pill",the doctor made Chuanmu general taboo,or replaced it with other drugs,or did not dare to use it for a long time,which affected the clinical effect.This paper discusses the toxicity of Mutong.
文摘以草海国家级自然保护区华山松(Pinus armandii)为研究对象,采用典型样地调查法,以胸径代替龄级,从静态生命表、存活曲线、生存分析和时间序列分析等方面定量研究华山松种群的结构特征及动态变化,为喀斯特森林生态系统的保护、资源管理和恢复重建提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)华山松种群呈两头小中间大的纺锤形结构,数量动态指数(V n)随龄级的增加波动较大,但忽略外部干扰的种群数量变化动态指数(V p i)和考虑外部干扰的种群数量变化动态指数(V p i′)均大于0,属增长型种群,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型;(2)生存分析显示,华山松生存率逐渐降低,累积死亡率逐渐增加,两者呈相反的变化趋势;死亡密度和危险率曲线反差明显,死亡密度曲线变化平缓,稳中有降,危险率曲线逐渐增加,综合表明华山松种群具有前期平稳、中期增长、后期衰退的特点;(3)时间序列分析显示,华山松种群在未来经历2、4、6、8龄级后,Ⅰ~Ⅲ龄级个体数逐渐减少,Ⅴ~Ⅸ龄级个体数则逐渐增加。研究表明,华山松种群的更新主要受建成机制制约,建议对幼苗和幼树加强抚育和管理养护措施。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1702502)the Major Science and Technology Project in Yunnan Province(202102AE090042+2 种基金202102AA310048-2)Science and Technology Project of Kunming (2021JH002)Innovative Research Team of Science and Technology in Yunnan Province (202105AE160016)。
文摘Compared with the use of monocultures in the field,cultivation of medicinal herbs in forests is an effective strategy to alleviate disease.Chemical interactions between herbs and trees play an important role in disease suppression in forests.We evaluated the ability of leachates from needles of Pinus armandii to induce resistance in Panax notoginseng leaves,identified the components via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and then deciphered the mechanism of 2,3-Butanediol as the main component in the leachates responsible for resistance induction via RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).Prespraying leachates and 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves could induce the resistance of P.notoginseng to Alternaria panax.The RNA-seq results showed that prespraying 2,3-Butanediol onto leaves with or without A.panax infection upregulated the expression of large number of genes,many of which are involved in transcription factor activity and the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway.Specifically,2,3-Butanediol spraying resulted in jasmonic acid(JA)-mediated induced systemic resistance(ISR) by activating MYC2 and ERF1.Moreover,2,3-Butanediol induced systemic acquired resistance(SAR) by upregulating pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)-and effector-triggered immunity(ETI)-related genes and activated camalexin biosynthesis through activation of WRKY33.Overall,2,3-Butanediol from the leachates of pine needles could activate the resistance of P.notoginseng to leaf disease infection through ISR,SAR and camalexin biosynthesis.Thus,2,3-Butanediol is worth developing as a chemical inducer for agricultural production.
