Background: Many people take medicines to control high blood pressure (BP), or hypertension. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) are usually used for the evaluation of effects of medicines. However, RCT have some serious...Background: Many people take medicines to control high blood pressure (BP), or hypertension. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) are usually used for the evaluation of effects of medicines. However, RCT have some serious problems. Data and Methods: We evaluated the effects of BP medicines in Japan using a dataset containing 113,979 cases. We employed four statistical methods in the analysis. First, we simply compared the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of individuals with and without BP medicines. We then used a regression model with a dummy variable, representing taking medicines or not. We replaced the dummy variable by its expected value, and estimated the regression model again. Finally, we selected individuals who had both taken and not taken medicines at different times. The effect of sample selection was also considered in the estimation. Results: For the simple comparison, SBP with BP medicines was 11 mmHg higher than without medicines. In the next regression analysis, SBP with BP medicines was still 5 mmHg higher. When the dummy variable was replaced by its expected value, SBP with medicines decreased by 7 mmHg. For individuals taking medicines at some times and not at others, SBP decreased by 9 and 8 mmHg in models with and without a sample bias correction, respectively. Conclusion: The methods eliminated some problems of RCT and might be attractive. However, we obtained contradictory conclusions depending on the statistical methods employed, despite using the identical dataset. Statistical methods must be selected carefully to obtain a reliable evaluation. Limitations: The dataset was observatory, and the sample period was only 3 years.展开更多
The provisioning of health and well-being for every human being on the planet calls for a rethink of conventional medical practices.In both the developed as well as developing world contexts,there is a growing need to...The provisioning of health and well-being for every human being on the planet calls for a rethink of conventional medical practices.In both the developed as well as developing world contexts,there is a growing need to rejuvenate alternative medical systems,but they have to be modernized to have cross-cultural appeal and acceptance.This paper explores the clash between Western medicine and Indian traditional medicine in 19th century colonial India which offers a historical precedent that could hold key lessons to the spread of traditional medicine across the world.The paper argues that the British government used biomedicine as a political tool to dominate Indians and resistance from Indian practitioners of traditional systems of medicines(TSMs)was systematically put down through policy measures.However,it was the clash between the medical modalities that transformed Indian TSMs forever as systems such as Ayurveda(the science of life)and Yoga took on the challenge and modernized and continue to have global appeal.The paper compares Indian and Chinese medical systems and argues that similarities in theory and practice in two different historical contexts,19th century India and modern-day China,enable us to understand the relevance of modernization practices in our contemporary world.展开更多
目的探讨新医科背景下中国大学大规模在线开放课程(massive open online courses,MOOC)在线平台在《职业卫生与职业医学》教学中的应用价值。方法2020年3月—2021年3月,选择南昌大学公共卫生学院2016年、2017年统招预防医学专业学生为...目的探讨新医科背景下中国大学大规模在线开放课程(massive open online courses,MOOC)在线平台在《职业卫生与职业医学》教学中的应用价值。方法2020年3月—2021年3月,选择南昌大学公共卫生学院2016年、2017年统招预防医学专业学生为研究对象,共181名。将2016级84名学生分为线上组,接受《职业卫生与职业医学》的线上教学;2017级97名学生分为线下组,接受该课程的线下教学。将所有学生考试成绩录入试卷分析系统,在试卷质量分析基础上比较2组学生的考试成绩。结果2组学生期末考试试卷质量基本处于同等水平,试题分布及难易度较合理,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,且2组学生成绩分布均呈现正态分布。进一步统计结果表明,线上组学生期末考试成绩高于线下组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。线上组及格率高于线下组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在新医科背景下,基于中国大学MOOC在线平台的线上教学模式能明显提高《职业卫生与职业医学》课程的教学效果,这为新时代深入开展该课程的线上教学改革提供参考和思路。展开更多
文摘Background: Many people take medicines to control high blood pressure (BP), or hypertension. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) are usually used for the evaluation of effects of medicines. However, RCT have some serious problems. Data and Methods: We evaluated the effects of BP medicines in Japan using a dataset containing 113,979 cases. We employed four statistical methods in the analysis. First, we simply compared the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of individuals with and without BP medicines. We then used a regression model with a dummy variable, representing taking medicines or not. We replaced the dummy variable by its expected value, and estimated the regression model again. Finally, we selected individuals who had both taken and not taken medicines at different times. The effect of sample selection was also considered in the estimation. Results: For the simple comparison, SBP with BP medicines was 11 mmHg higher than without medicines. In the next regression analysis, SBP with BP medicines was still 5 mmHg higher. When the dummy variable was replaced by its expected value, SBP with medicines decreased by 7 mmHg. For individuals taking medicines at some times and not at others, SBP decreased by 9 and 8 mmHg in models with and without a sample bias correction, respectively. Conclusion: The methods eliminated some problems of RCT and might be attractive. However, we obtained contradictory conclusions depending on the statistical methods employed, despite using the identical dataset. Statistical methods must be selected carefully to obtain a reliable evaluation. Limitations: The dataset was observatory, and the sample period was only 3 years.
文摘The provisioning of health and well-being for every human being on the planet calls for a rethink of conventional medical practices.In both the developed as well as developing world contexts,there is a growing need to rejuvenate alternative medical systems,but they have to be modernized to have cross-cultural appeal and acceptance.This paper explores the clash between Western medicine and Indian traditional medicine in 19th century colonial India which offers a historical precedent that could hold key lessons to the spread of traditional medicine across the world.The paper argues that the British government used biomedicine as a political tool to dominate Indians and resistance from Indian practitioners of traditional systems of medicines(TSMs)was systematically put down through policy measures.However,it was the clash between the medical modalities that transformed Indian TSMs forever as systems such as Ayurveda(the science of life)and Yoga took on the challenge and modernized and continue to have global appeal.The paper compares Indian and Chinese medical systems and argues that similarities in theory and practice in two different historical contexts,19th century India and modern-day China,enable us to understand the relevance of modernization practices in our contemporary world.
文摘目的探讨新医科背景下中国大学大规模在线开放课程(massive open online courses,MOOC)在线平台在《职业卫生与职业医学》教学中的应用价值。方法2020年3月—2021年3月,选择南昌大学公共卫生学院2016年、2017年统招预防医学专业学生为研究对象,共181名。将2016级84名学生分为线上组,接受《职业卫生与职业医学》的线上教学;2017级97名学生分为线下组,接受该课程的线下教学。将所有学生考试成绩录入试卷分析系统,在试卷质量分析基础上比较2组学生的考试成绩。结果2组学生期末考试试卷质量基本处于同等水平,试题分布及难易度较合理,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,且2组学生成绩分布均呈现正态分布。进一步统计结果表明,线上组学生期末考试成绩高于线下组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。线上组及格率高于线下组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在新医科背景下,基于中国大学MOOC在线平台的线上教学模式能明显提高《职业卫生与职业医学》课程的教学效果,这为新时代深入开展该课程的线上教学改革提供参考和思路。
