Distribution of Arsenic in Sewage Irrigation Area of Pearl River Delta,China

The aim of the present work is to investigate the distribution of arsenic（As） in sewage ir-rigation area,to deduce the migration and transformation mechanism of As in soil and groundwater,and to infer the source of As in soil and groundwater.This study is carried out in a sewage irrigation area of the Pearl River Delta,China.Surface water samples,soil samples,and groundwater samples from sewage irrigation area were analyzed for As and other elements.As contents in water samples were analyzed by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectroscopy,and As fractionation in soil samples was extracted using a seven-step sequential extraction method according to a seven fraction scheme：water soluble,ion exchangeable,bound to carbonate,weakly bound to organic matter,associ-ated with oxides of iron（Fe） and manganese（Mn）,strongly bound to organic matter,and the residual fraction.Waste water has content of As up to 16.8 μg/L in the study area.Soil has enriched As due to the irrigation of soil with waste water,and the total content of As in soil is about 0.7 times higher than the background value.Sequential extraction method reveals that the mean content of residual fraction in soil is more than 70%,releasable fraction（weakly organic fraction,Fe-Mn oxide fraction,and car-bonate fraction） is about 20%-30%,whereas strongly organic and mobile fractions（water soluble and ion exchangeable） are within 0.2%.In the soil profile,the contents of water soluble,ion exchangeable,and carbonate fraction decrease with the depth,whereas the contents of other fractions are irregular with the depth.Using correlation analysis,it is concluded that water soluble fraction is easy to change into ion exchangeable and carbonate fraction,ion exchangeable fraction is easy to change into carbon-ate and Fe-Mn oxide fraction,and carbonate fraction is easy to change into weakly organic and Fe-Mn oxide fraction in the soil of study area.Organic matter and（hydr）oxides of Fe and aluminium（Al） in soil play an important role in controlling the distribution and mobility of As in soil.As concentrations in groundwater range from 2.8 to 21.0 μg/L,and it is inferred that As from waste water and the release of high As sediment（soil and aquifer medium） are the main sources for high As groundwater in study area.Using cluster analysis,it is concluded that reducing ground-water with slightly alkaline is beneficial to en-richment of As in groundwater,and hydroxides of Fe,Mn,and Al also play a key role for the en-richment of As in groundwater of the study area.

化学工业污水灌溉对土壤中砷分布的影响——以开封市化肥河为例

对开封市郊区化肥河沿岸及全郊区土壤进行典型采样调查 ,研究了化肥厂含砷废水灌溉对土壤中砷含量的影响。结果表明 :(1 )不同灌溉方式下砷在土壤中的含量变化规律是重污灌区水浇地和菜地高于污灌混灌区耕地和菜地 ;(2 )土壤中砷含量沿化肥河以排污口为界向下游逐渐增加 ,垂直于河流流向因距河远近、不同土地利用方式也表现出明显的规律性变化特征。

珠江三角洲污灌区土壤中重金属含量特征

通过现场采样及室内测试方法,分析了珠江三角洲污灌区土壤中9种重金属Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ni、As、Cr、Se的含量分布特征。结果表明,污灌区土壤9种重金属的全量平均含量均已超出广东省土壤背景值,其中Cd的污染程度最重,Se的污染程度最轻;污灌区土壤以Cd元素的有效系数最高,Ni元素的有效系数最低。Zn、Pb、Cu以及Cd元素随采样深度的增加其全量逐渐减少,Cr、Ni、As以及Se元素随采样深度的增加其全量呈上下波动状态或几乎不变,而Mn元素则是随采样深度的增加其全量先略有减少而后骤升。Cu、Cd、Zn等3种元素全量与有效态含量以及这3种元素全量间均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系。

污灌条件下土壤水渗透特征初探

在污水灌溉区和清水灌溉区不同点及深度上取样分析 ,测定土壤在污灌前后的土壤含水率、有效孔隙率和非饱和导水率的特征变化 .研究结果表明 :土壤在污染后其水分渗透特征发生变化 ,土壤含水率增高 ,有效孔隙率和非饱和导水率下降 ,土壤表观含水率变化由其渗透特征参数变化引起 .

太原市污灌区土壤镉和铅有效态研究

为了研究太原市污灌区农业土壤重金属Cd和Pb的污染现状,采用火焰/石墨炉原子吸收分析方法,对太原市污灌区（小店、尖草坪、晋源和清徐）不同分区和不同分层土壤Cd和Pb的全量、有效态含量以及在部分蔬菜中的含量大小进行了测定和评价。结果显示,与我国土壤二级标准相比,Cd和Pb的含量均未超标,但均已超出山西省土壤背景值。2种重金属全量分区和分层测定结果表明,小店区和晋源区含量最高;2种重金属均表现为表层（0～20 cm）含量远高于其他各层（P〈0.01）。2种重金属有效态含量分区和分层测定结果表明,晋源区含量最高;Cd在0～40 cm土层存在较为明显的淋溶下移性,Pb表现为表层累积。对土壤Cd和Pb全量和有效态含量之间的关系研究表明,二者呈极显著正相关关系（P〈0.01）;2种重金属有效性系数均与土壤p H值呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）,Cd元素的有效性系数明显高于Pb,表明土壤中有效态Cd容易发生迁移并被蔬菜吸收富集;不同分区以晋源区Cd和Pb的有效性系数最高,其次为小店区。污灌区18种蔬菜2种重金属含量的测定结果显示,Cd和Pb均有检出,样本超标率分别为20.9%和3.3%,Cd含量较高的样本主要集中在根茎类蔬菜中;Pb含量较高的样本主要集中在叶菜类蔬菜中。因此,太原市污灌区土壤重金属Cd和Pb潜在污染及其在蔬菜中的积累效应应引起高度重视。

污水灌溉区土壤镉的高光谱遥感监测研究

以石家庄多年污水灌溉区为对象,通过对污灌土壤的可见-近红外波段光谱信息进行测量和处理,利用相关分析和多元逐步回归分析,建立土壤镉含量与反射光谱变量之间的回归模型。结果表明,土壤镉在研究区土壤中有一定程度的积累,镉含量与其原始光谱、倒数对数光谱在多数光谱波段达到极显著相关水平,与连续统去除光谱相关性不显著。逐步回归模型中,倒数对数模型拟合精度最高,均方根误差为0.020,预测精度达到92.71%,说明倒数对数光谱变量模型可有效预测土壤镉含量,是估算研究区土壤镉含量较理想的预测模型。

钢铁厂污水灌溉农田土壤重金属含量分析

以污水灌溉的农田土壤为研究对象,着重分析该区土壤Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb 4种重金属含量。结果表明:除Zn外,调查区菜园土壤Cu、Cd、Pb含量均明显超过土壤环境质量二级标准。与菜园土壤相比,玉米地土壤仅有Cd含量超过二级标准。总的来看,灌溉区农田土壤未受到Zn污染,但明显存在Cu、Cd、Pb污染,尤其以Cd的污染最为严重,污染程度依次为Cd>Cu>Pb。调查区所有样点的综合污染指数均大于3,污染等级为5级,达重污染程度,表明土壤与农作物受污染已相当严重。

污灌对周边农田土壤砷垂直分布特征及评价研究

为探究污灌河对周边农田土壤影响的辐射距离及土壤砷垂直分布特征,以开封市东郊惠济河一带的污灌区为研究对象。沿惠济河开封东郊段自南向北选取三个样区,每个样区分别设置三个土壤样区,进行剖面分层采样,测定各土壤剖面中重金属砷的含量,并使用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对该污灌区的剖面土壤砷污染情况进行评价。结果表明,P1样区土壤表层受污染最严重,整体砷含量平均值为21.16 mg/kg,砷含量在3.77~46.20 mg/kg;P2样区由于附近存在化肥厂等,同时受污灌河及工矿企业的影响,也受到一定程度的土壤污染;而P3样区整体砷含量低于我国土壤环境背景值,污染程度较轻。