Arsenic fractionation and contamination assessment in sediments of thirteen lakes from the East Plain and Yungui Plateau Ecoregions, China

Arsenic（As） fractions in the sediments of seven lakes from East Plain Ecoregion and six lakes from Yungui Plateau Ecoregion, China, were investigated. Results indicated that the total As concentrations in sediment samples of lakes of the East Plain Lake Ecoregion are higher than those of Yungui Plateau Lake Ecoregion. Residual As is the main fraction in sediment samples of lakes from both ecoregions, followed by reducible As and soluble or oxidizable As. The total As is correlated to oxidizable As and residual As in sediment samples from both lake ecoregions. As distribution in sediment samples of lakes of the East Plain Ecoregion appears to be affected by human activity, while the As origin mainly comes from natural sources in sediment samples of lakes in the Yungui Plateau Ecoregion. The potential ecological risk index and geoaccumulation index values suggest ＂low to moderate＂ risk degree and ＂unpolluted to moderately polluted＂ for As in the studied lake sediments.

巢湖表层沉积物中砷的分布特征及其污染评价

以巢湖表层沉积物为研究对象,利用BCR法研究了该沉积物样品中不同形态砷的分布特征,并对该沉积物中砷的污染状态进行了评价。结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物中的总砷浓度高于沉积物的背景值(源自"安徽省江淮流域区域生态地球化学调查"项目9个湖泊663件沉积物样品统计结果),在空间上表现出东西高,中间低的分布特征,巢湖表层沉积物中的砷主要以残渣态为主,占总砷浓度的68.64%～79.24%,弱酸提取态、可还原态和可氧化态砷浓度分别为1.18～2.82,0.73～2.01和0.05～1.06mg/kg,三种形态的砷浓度平均值所占比例为3.83∶2.90∶1,该沉积物中总砷浓度为西湖区高于东湖区,可氧化态砷则为东湖区高于西湖区。由于沉积物中砷浓度的高低与流域有机物和营养盐的污染负荷密切相关,因此该沉积物中的残渣态砷有向可还原态和弱酸提取态砷迁移转化的可能性。采用潜在生态风险指数法、地累积指数法和沉积物重金属质量基准法对巢湖表层沉积物中砷的污染状态进行评价,结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物中砷污染程度较轻,潜在风险很小,短期内对周边环境和生物不会造成很大的威胁。

巢湖表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其污染评价

以巢湖表层沉积物为研究对象,利用BCR连续提取法研究了沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Cd、Zn、V和Pb等8种重金属元素的分布特征,同时运用潜在风险指数法和地累积指数法综合评价了巢湖沉积物中重金属的生态风险。结果表明,巢湖沉积物中的重金属含量在空间上表现出东西高、中间低的分布特征。巢湖表层沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、V和Cu 5种重金属都主要以残渣态为主,Zn和Cd主要以弱酸提取态为主,Pb以可还原态为主,同时,Co和Cu 2种元素的可交换态及可还原态含量占有较高比例,具有潜在危害性。相关性分析显示,Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn和Cd 6种重金属元素的来源和分布可能具有相似性,Co和V 2种重金属元素具有相似的地球化学行为且其主要来源可能与其他几种重金属不同。潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物中8种重金属元素构成的生态危害顺序为:Cd>Pb>Co>Cu>Ni>Zn>V>Cr,Cd具有高的生态危害等级,其他7种重金属元素均为低生态危害等级。地累积指数法评价结果表明:巢湖沉积物重金属元素的富集程度为Cd>Zn>Pb>Co>Cu>V>Ni>Cr,Cr属于清洁级别,Co、Cu、V和Ni处于轻度污染水平,Zn和Pb处于偏中度污染,Cd达到了重污染水平。