Studies on Acaricidal Bioactivities of Artemisia annua L.Extracts Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Bois.(Acari:Tetranychidae)

The aim of this study was to determine the best extraction technique, the most suitable solvent, the optimal plant parts, and the acaricidal activities of Artemisia annua L. The petroleum ether （30-60℃）, petroleum ether （60-90℃）, ethanol, acetone, and water parallel and sequenced extracts were obtained from the leaves, stems and roots of different period of A. annua L. in April, May, June, July and September respectively. And then the acaricidal bioactivities against Tetranychus cinnabarinus of all extracts were determined by the slide-capillary method in the laboratory. The results indicated that the acaricidal bioactivities elevated as the development of A. annua plant at the concentration of 5 mg mL-L The general tendency exhibited the sequence of July 〉 June 〉 May 〉 April, but September decreased comparing to July. However, the most effective extracts in five months were all acetone parallel extract of A. annua leaf, and the corrected mortalities treated after 48 h ranged from 74 to 100%. The median lethal concentrations （LC50） against T. cinnabarinus of acetone parallel extracts ofA. annua leaves in September, July, June, May and April were 0.5986, 0.4341, 0.8376, 0.9443 and 1.3817 mg mL^-1, respectively, treated after 48 h. The 13 groups were isolated from acetone extracts ofA. annua leaves in July by column chromatography, both the 1 lth and 12th groups exhibited strong bioactivities. The median lethal concentrations of the 1 lth and 12th groups against T. cinnabarinus were 0.3683 and 0.1586 mg mL^-1, respectively. The acetone parallel extract ofA. annua leaf in July was the most toxic to T. cinnabarinus and the corrected mortality was 100% after 48 h. The acetone parallel extract of the 1 lth and 12th groupswere the most active components, acted as the emphases in further study.

黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)提取物对两种病原真菌的生物活性

以石油醚Ⅰ(30℃～60℃)、石油醚Ⅱ(60℃～90℃)、乙醇和丙酮等4种溶剂对黄花蒿的根、茎、叶进行初步提取,采用生长速率法测定不同提取物对玉米小斑病菌、棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,黄花蒿提取物对玉米小斑病菌的生物活性好于棉花枯萎病菌;黄花蒿叶的提取物抑菌效果最好,根的抑菌效果最差;叶的石油醚(60℃～90℃)提取物对玉米小斑病菌EC50为156.32mg/L;而叶的丙酮提取物对玉米小斑病菌的EC50为82.37mg/L。

Study on the Repairing Effect of Cosmetics Containing <i>Artemisia annua</i>on Sensitive Skin

In view of the increasing sensitivity of consumer skin in recent years, cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract was tested to evaluate its effectiveness in repairing sensitive skin. Through the experiment of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, it was found that the inhibition rates of ear swelling in mice induced by xylene in three groups of cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract reached 60.40%, 73.36% and 74.01%, respectively, close to the positive drug group. Twenty-five sensitive skin volunteers were selected for human clinical trial, and the skin TEWL value, cuticle hydration degree and skin heme (ultra-high concentration) were tested. The results showed that using cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract for four weeks could effectively increase the hydration degree of cheek cuticle by 63.90% and reduce transepidermal waterloss (TEWL) by 21.51%. The skin heme (ultra-high concentration) decreased by 69.14% and the affected area decreased by 77.47%. The results show that the cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract can inhibit inflammation, repair skin barrier, improve damaged skin, and reduce redness and other sensitive skin symptoms.

Effect of Artemisia annua L. as Substitute to Sulfonamides (Sodium Sulfadimerzine) on Coccidiosis and Growth Performance in Rabbits

Coccidiosis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria which seriously affects young rabbits. Treatment based on the use of anticoccidial drugs is increasingly ineffective due to the rapid emergence of resistant strains of coccidia and the high cost of drugs. Consumer demand for rabbit products without chemical residues led to a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants as an alternative treatment for coccidiosis. The present study was carried out during the period of August to December 2020 to assess the anticoccidial effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of leaves of Artemisia annua L., in young rabbits. The antiparasitic efficacy of Artemisia extract was tested on 15 young rabbits (whose age varied between 7 and 9 weeks) divided into 5 lots of 3 animals. The average weight of these animals was 790 g. The results of this study show that the feces samples and the weight of young rabbits before administration of the treatment and the coprological examination (every 7 days for 4 weeks) show a fecal excretion reduction rate (FECRT) of 55.13% in the lot treated by sulfonamide. On the other hand, in animals received treatments extract of the leaves of Artemisia annua L., the average FECRT is evaluated at 69.64%, 79.22%, and 96.36% for respective doses of 400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg bodyweight and proves their anticoccidial effect. Furthermore, the variation in mean Eggs Per Gram (EPG) of coccidia and the average weekly weight gain (AWWG) of each lot were significant in the lots treated with hydro-ethanolic extract (P 0.05). The greatest reductions in oocystal excretion and weight gain obtained were those of lot 5, treated at 1200 mg/kg of hydro-ethanolic leaves extract of Artemisia annua L.

The Effect of Different Doses of Composite Artemisia annua Extract on Ruminal Fermentation of Dairy Goats in vitro

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effect of different doses of Composite Artemisia annua extract(CAE) on rumen microbial fermentation.CAE was a crude extract from the stem and leaves of Composite Artemisia annua extracted with ethanol.The doses of CAE supplementation with frozen-dry form were:control(no addition)

Study on Soothing and Oil Control Anti-acne Effects of Artemisia Annua Extract

Preliminary exploration of the soothing,oil control,acne removing effects and its mechanisms of Artemisia annua extract.The soothing effect of Artemisia annua extract was tested by hyaluronidase biochemical reaction.The soothing and oil-controlling effects were investigated by cell model.The inhibitory effect on propionibacterium acnes was studied by suspension quantification.The results showed that Artemisia annua extract could effectively inhibit the degradation of hyaluronic acid(P<0.01).Artemisia annua extract significantly inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells(P<0.05).Artemisia annua extract at 0.5%,0.25%,0.125%could significantly inhibit the secretion of oil by SZ95 cells(P<0.05).The minimum inhibitory concentration of Artemisia annua extract against propionibacterium acnes was 0.625%,and the inhibitory rate against propionibacterium acnes increased with the increase of the concentration of Artemisia annua extract.In summary,Artemisia annua extract can achieve acne efficacy through soothing and oil control,and this function may be achieved by reducing hyaluronic acid degradation,inhibiting inflammatory pathways produced by inflammatory factors TNF-αand IL-6,inhibiting oil secretion,and inhibiting the growth of propionibacterium acnes.

黄花蒿对大蒜化感作用研究

为探究黄花蒿对大蒜鳞茎萌发及其幼苗生长的化感作用,用水提取黄花蒿叶、根、根际土壤,获取不同质量浓度的浸提液,用于处理大蒜鳞茎,测定大蒜鳞茎萌发率及其幼苗生长状况和叶绿素含量等指标。结果表明:随着黄花蒿水浸液浓度的升高,黄花蒿水浸液对大蒜鳞茎萌发率及其幼苗苗高、根长、叶绿素a和b含量、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性、植株鲜质量、植株高的抑制作用不断增大,对大蒜幼苗丙二醛含量的促进作用不断增强;黄花蒿水浸液通过抑制大蒜鳞茎萌发率及其幼苗过氧化物酶活性、增加膜脂过氧化和逆境伤害、抑制叶绿素a、b和叶绿素的生成,从而抑制植株生长,表现出化感作用,且化感效应随着黄花蒿水浸液浓度的升高而增大。本研究为农作物和药用植物栽培及植物间化感作用研究提供参考。

不同采收期和种植地貌青蒿的品质分析

目的:比较不同采收期喀斯特山地和传统平地上种植青蒿的表型特征和有效成分含量变化,确定青蒿的最适种植环境及最佳采收期。方法:采用直接测量法、高效液相色谱法和比色法,分别测定2种地貌上种植的5个采收日期青蒿的表型特征,以及青蒿素、青蒿酸、总黄酮和总多酚含量。结果:同一采收日期,在喀斯特山地上种植的青蒿呈全株矮且宽、根系稀疏且为浅根系的生长状态,而在传统平地种植的青蒿呈枝繁叶茂、株高茎壮、根系茂密且为深根系的生长状态;传统平地种植的青蒿总黄酮、总多酚、青蒿素、青蒿酸含量高于喀斯特山地种植的青蒿。喀斯特山地和传统平地上种植青蒿的总黄酮、青蒿素、青蒿酸含量均在7月末最高,总多酚含量的变化趋势与青蒿表型特征的变化趋势相似。结论:传统平地上种植的青蒿表型特征及青蒿素等成分含量的最高值均优于喀斯特山地上种植的青蒿,7月下旬为青蒿的最佳采收期。

HPLC法同时测定黄花蒿水提浸膏中青蒿素、青蒿乙素、猫眼草黄素和猫眼草酚D的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时测定黄花蒿水提浸膏中青蒿素、青蒿乙素、猫眼草黄素、猫眼草酚D的含量。方法采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相:乙腈(A)-纯水(B),梯度洗脱;体积流量:0.8 mL·min^(-1);柱温:30℃;进样量:10μL;检测波长:210 nm。结果青蒿素、青蒿乙素、猫眼草黄素和猫眼草酚D进样量分别在1.6088~16.088μg(r=0.9999)、0.0141~0.1414μg(r=1)、0.1851~1.8509μg(r=0.9999)、0.1441~1.4414μg(r=0.9999)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为102.44%、97.82%、95.07%、95.55%,RSD分别为1.12%、1.44%、1.29%、1.53%。结论该方法简便准确、可靠稳定、重复性好,可用于同时测定黄花蒿水提浸膏中青蒿素、青蒿乙素、猫眼草酚D、猫眼草黄素的含量。

青蒿挥发油的化学成分、生物活性及应用的研究进展

目的对近20年有关青蒿挥发油的化学成分、生物活性以及应用领域的研究进行了全面、系统的综述,为充分利用青蒿挥发油提供参考。方法在Web of Science、Scifinder、PubMed、中国知网和万方等数据库,对2001—2023年的相关文献进行检索,以青蒿挥发油、提取方法、活性、应用等为关键词进行检索,对化合物的种类、活性等进行归纳总结。结果青蒿挥发油的化学成分主要包括倍半萜类、醇类、醛类、酸类、酚类、酯类、酮类,其具有抗炎、抑菌、抗寄生虫、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等生物活性。结论青蒿挥发油呈多样性的生物活性,其中抗菌作用较为显著,可以作为化妆品的祛屑成分,其作用机制还需进一步深入研究。

青蒿查尔酮合成酶(AaCHS)基因家族鉴定及光调控分析

[目的]为了解青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因家族的分子进化特性及其在不同组织部位的表达情况。[方法]从Pfam数据库下载CHS蛋白HMM模型,并使用HUMMER 3.0、Blastp和CD-search鉴定出青蒿基因组中的CHS基因家族成员。采用TBtools、EXPASy、CELLO v.2.5、MEGA 7.0、MEME、SOPMA、SWISSMODEL和PlantCARE等软件对其氨基酸与碱基序列进行生物信息学分析,通过8个不同组织部位的转录组数据对AaCHS基因家族成员进行表达分析。[结果]青蒿基因组中共有16个AaCHS基因家族成员,蛋白结构分析显示AaCHS蛋白质结构并不稳定,将其分为4个组,基因结构分析显示所有AaCHS基因蛋白均具有外显子,数量为2~4,内含子数量为0~2,其中8个AaCHS基因不具有内含子。启动子顺式作用元件分析表明该基因家族成员启动子上含有大量光响应、植物激素响应元件;CD-search验证结果发现每个AaCHS蛋白均有Chal-sti-synt_N结构域。[结论]AaCHS家族成员表达分析结果表明,16个AaCHS基因在不同组织和光处理下表达不同。GO富集结果得到GO二级分类的生物过程和分子功能,生物过程共富集了80条序列;细胞组分共富集了19条序列,其中二级分类过程细胞质中富集了11条序列,数量最多,与亚细胞定位预测结果一致;推测AaCHS基因在细胞质中调控黄酮类化合物的累积。通过青蒿光调控差异表达分析,推测AaCHS7、AaCHS10在青蒿受到红光光处理中起正向调控作用。

艾叶超临界二氧化碳萃取物的成分鉴定及其抗炎、抗肿瘤活性检测

目的:针对性分离艾叶(Artemisia argyi L.)超临界二氧化碳萃取物中的萜类化合物,并评估其抗炎、抗肿瘤活性,以期为高效低毒的抗炎、抗肿瘤药物先导物提供基础。方法:将风干的艾叶碾碎后,采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术提取精油。利用多种分离色谱柱(硅胶柱、ODS、MCI、LH-20、半制备HPLC等)对精油粗提物进行分离纯化,并通过核磁共振波谱技术鉴定分离所得化合物的结构。通过Griess法测定化合物对脂多糖(lipopolysacchride,LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型的抗炎活性;使用CCK8法测定化合物的抗肿瘤活性及其对正常细胞的毒性。结果:从艾叶中分离得到28个单体化合物,包括3个单萜、21个倍半萜、1个二萜和3个脂肪醇类化合物。化合物4、5、6、9、10、14、15具有抗炎活性,其中化合物4、9与15的抗炎活性显著,其IC 50值分别为(1.8±0.3)μmol/L、(1.2±0.1)μmol/L与(1.5±0.2)μmol/L,CC 50分别是(28.6±1.5)μmol/L、(15.6±0.6)μmol/L和(18.9±0.7)μmol/L。化合物4、5、6、9、14具有抗肿瘤活性,化合物4与5的抗肿瘤活性较为显著,对肿瘤细胞U251与A549的IC 50值分别为(5.9±0.6)μmol/L、(6.3±0.1)μmol/L与(13.5±0.9)μmol/L、(20.5±0.6)μmol/L,对正常细胞BV2的CC 50值分别为(41.0±1.2)μmol/L与(37.4±0.2)μmol/L,具有一定的安全性。结论:从艾叶的超临界二氧化碳萃取物中分离出28个化合物,化合物1、9、11、12、23、24为首次从艾叶中分离得到。化合物4、9与15展现出显著的抗炎活性,而化合物4与5则具有显著的抗肿瘤活性,具有进一步研究的药理价值。

青蒿软膏对湿疹模型小鼠的治疗及免疫调控机制研究

目的探讨青蒿软膏治疗湿疹的效果及其可能的免疫调节机制。方法将70只昆明(KM)小鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型组,阳性药物组,青蒿软膏低(0.4 g·g^(-1))、中(0.8 g·g^(-1))、高(1.6 g·g^(-1))剂量组,药物对照组。除正常对照组和药物对照组外,其余各组小鼠均采用2,4-二硝基氯苯涂抹于腹部及耳部皮肤,建立湿疹模型。给药期间,各治疗组小鼠每日涂抹相应药物,连续12 d。观察小鼠耳部肿胀程度和厚度变化,并进行耳部变应反应评分;取耳部皮肤组织进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,观察病理学改变;测定各组小鼠的脏器指数;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清中干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)等炎症因子的水平。结果在第15天时,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠耳厚度差异显著增加,耳部变应反应评分显著升高(P<0.001);与模型组相比,青蒿软膏低、中剂量组小鼠耳厚度差异显著下降(P<0.05),耳部变应反应评分呈剂量依赖性下降,但差异不显著。在第19天时,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠耳厚度差异显著增加,耳部变应反应评分显著升高(P<0.001),血清中IFN-γ、IL-2和TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.001),而IL-6和IL-4水平显著升高(P<0.001);与模型组相比,青蒿软膏低、中剂量组小鼠耳厚度差异不显著,耳部变应反应评分呈剂量依赖性下降,但差异不显著,青蒿软膏低剂量组小鼠血清中IFN-γ和TNF-α水平显著升高(P<0.05),IL-2水平升高但差异不显著,IL-6水平和IL-4水平显著下降(P<0.05),青蒿软膏中剂量组小鼠血清中IFN-γ、IL-2和TNF-α水平显著升高(P<0.05),IL-6和IL-4水平显著下降(P<0.001)。在实验末期,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠耳部肿胀度显著增加(P<0.001),耳部皮肤组织出现明显的炎性细胞浸润,脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,青蒿软膏低、中剂量组小鼠耳部肿胀度显著改善(P<0.001),青蒿软膏低剂量组小鼠耳部皮肤组织的炎性细胞浸润减轻,脾脏指数显著下降(P<0.05)。结论青蒿软膏对湿疹有明显的治疗效果,其机制可能与调节Th1/Th2细胞功能平衡、抑制过敏性炎症反应有关。

The AaBBX21–AaHY5 module mediates light-regulated artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L.

The sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin is an important anti-malarial component produced by the glandular secretory trichomes of sweet wormwood(Artemisia annua L.).Light was previously shown to promote artemisinin production,but the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive.In this study,we demonstrate that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5(HY5),a central transcription factor in the light signaling pathway,cannot promote artemisinin biosynthesis on its own,as the binding of AaHY5 to the promoters of artemisinin biosynthetic genes failed to activate their transcription.Transcriptome analysis and yeast two-hybrid screening revealed the B-box transcription factor AaBBX21 as a potential interactor with AaHY5.AaBBX21 showed a trichome-specific expression pattern.Additionally,the AaBBX21–AaHY5 complex cooperatively activated transcription from the promoters of the downstream genes AaGSW1,AaMYB108,and AaORA,encoding positive regulators of artemisinin biosynthesis.Moreover,AaHY5 and AaBBX21 physically interacted with the A.annua E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1(COP1).In the dark,AaCOP1 decreased the accumulation of AaHY5 and AaBBX21 and repressed the activation of genes downstream of the AaHY5–AaBBX21 complex,explaining the enhanced production of artemisinin upon light exposure.Our study provides insights into the central regulatory mechanism by which light governs terpenoid biosynthesis in the plant kingdom.

青蒿提取物舒缓与控油祛痘功效研究

探讨青蒿提取物的舒缓与控油祛痘功效及作用机制。采用透明质酸酶生化反应检验青蒿提取物的舒缓功效,利用细胞模型考察青蒿提取物舒缓与控油效果,使用悬液定量法研究青蒿提取物对痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,青蒿提取物可有效抑制透明质酸降解(P<0.05);青蒿提取物可显著抑制RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6(P<0.05);青蒿提取物在体积分数0.5%、0.25%、0.125%时可显著抑制SZ95细胞分泌油脂(P<0.05);青蒿提取物对痤疮丙酸杆菌最小抑菌浓度是0.625%,对痤疮丙酸杆菌抑菌率随着青蒿提取物浓度增加而升高。青蒿提取物可通过舒缓与控油达到祛痘功效,且该功能可能通过减少透明质酸降解、抑制炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6产生的炎症通路,抑制油脂分泌以及抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌的生长共同实现。

苦艾中总黄酮的提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

文章旨在优化苦艾的总黄酮提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化生物活性。实验利用NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))3-NaOH比色法测定苦艾提取液的总黄酮含量;在单因素实验的基础上,以总黄酮含量为评价指标,以乙醇体积分数、料液比例、温度和时间为考察因素,采用Box Behnken响应面法优化总黄酮提取工艺并加以验证;同时,使用清除DPPH法测定总黄酮的抗氧化活性。最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶30(g/mL),温度60℃,时长30 min。采用该提取工艺所得提取液的总黄酮含量最高为45.25 mg/mL,总黄酮清除DPPH的最大清除率为86.64%。由此可见,优化总黄酮化合物的超声波辅助提取法稳定可行,具有良好的抗氧化活性。

广西黄花蒿类型调查研究

本文报道广西黄花蒿类型调查结果。１）生长在石山上的黄花蒿类型植株长势比生长在平地、路边、土坡、房前屋后的类型差，且产量也较低。２）同一分布区内，生长在石山的黄花蒿类型，有效成分（青蒿素）含量明显高于生长在平地、路边的类型，前者比后者含量提高００３％～０２８％。

青蒿试管苗开花及用花器官为外植体诱导丛生芽生产青蒿素

将培养于MS培养基上 5wk的青蒿试管苗置于光周期 13 ,光强 6 0 0 0lx ,温度为 2 6℃ (昼 )和 2 2℃ (夜 )的条件下 ,成功地诱导其开花 .利用不同发育阶段的花蕾和花器官为外植体诱导丛生芽 ,发现不同浓度 (ρ)的 6 BA对丛生芽的诱导率和青蒿素的生物合成有重要影响 .结果表明 :以花蕾为外植体诱导丛生芽的最佳培养基是 :MS附加 4.0mgL-1的 6 BA和 0 .0 5mgL-1的NAA ;但当 ρ(6 BA)在 0～ 0 .5mgL-1之间时 ,有利于青蒿素的合成 ,ρ(6 BA) =0 .5 ～ 4mgL-1时抑制青蒿素的生物合成 .丛生芽中促进青蒿素合成的最佳 ρ(6 BA)为 0 .5mgL-1.用HPLC法测定发现用此法得到的丛生芽青蒿素的含量比直接利用叶片诱导的丛生芽青蒿素含量高 1倍 .图 5表 3参 2

超临界CO_2从黄花蒿中提取青蒿素的研究

研究了用超临界二氧化碳从黄花蒿中萃取青蒿素的影响因素。在152~297MPa和40~60℃范围内,萃取压力和萃取温度升高,萃取率增大,萃取选择性下降。以萃取率和萃取选择性为目标,优化了超临界萃取工艺条件,得到较佳的操作条件萃取压力20MPa,萃取温度50℃,CO2流量1kg/(h·kg原料),原料粒径60~80目。在优化条件下萃取4h,萃取率达到95%以上,萃取物纯度10%以上。

黄花蒿中青蒿素的微波辅助提取

采用微波辅助提取法提取黄花蒿中的青蒿素。对提取溶剂乙醇、三氯甲烷、环己烷、正己烷、石油醚 (30～ 6 0°C和 6 0～ 90°C两种 )、12 0号溶剂油和 6号抽提溶剂油进行了比较 ,考察了溶剂的介电常数对青蒿素得率的影响。并将微波辅助提取法同索氏提取、超临界 CO2 提取以及加热搅拌提取法进行了比较。