Chemical constituents and biological activities of Artemisiae argyi

Artemisiae argyi(A.argyi)is a traditional medical plant,with medicinal and economic value.It has been used to treat diseases for more than 2000 years,and its application has been expanded in recent years with the in-depth research on the chemical composition and pharmacology.It is mainly used clinically for the treatment of“cold pain in the abdomen,cold clotting in the menstrual channels,cold infertility in the uterus,fetal movement,vomiting blood,epistaxis,pus and blood dysentery,and external treatment of itchy skin”and other symptoms.This paper reviews the research on the biological activity and chemical composition of A.argyi by scholars in recent decades.

Antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Artemisiae argyi leaves

A study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Artemisiae argyi leaves. The sample of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. From 18 compounds representing the oils, Eucalyptole （18.42%）, Spathulenol （14.32）, 4-Methyl-1-（1-methylethyl）-3-cyclohexen-1-ol （3.10%）, 3-Carene （2.64%） appeared as the main components. The screening of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Gram-positive bacterial were more sensitive than gram-negative bacterial of the 8 microorganisms, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 showed the lowest MIC （0.3125%） and MBC （0.625%）. In the disc diffusion assay, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 49134 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 showed obvious inhibitory activity. Survival curve showed that, 2MIC ofArtemisiae argyi essential oil had a lethal effect on Candida albicans within the first 1 h. Results presented here suggest that the essential oil of Artemisiae argyi leaves possesses antimicrobial properties, and provides scientific foundations for exploition ofArtemisiae argyi.

Extraction Process of Volatile Oil of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba

[Objectives]To obtain the optimal extraction process parameters of volatile oil of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba.[Methods]The controlled variable method was used to take the extraction amount of volatile oil as the evaluation indicator,and the effects of single factor solid-to-liquid ratio,soaking time and extraction time on the yield rate of volatile oil were investigated.[Results]When the solid-to-liquid ratio reached 1∶12,the soaking time reached 3 h,and the extraction time reached 2 h,the yield of volatile oil was the highest.[Conclusions]The conditions of this process are stable and feasible,and it is expected to provide a certain reference for extracting volatile oil from Artemisiae Scopariae Herba.

Artemisiae Argyi Folium and its geo-authentic crude drug qi ai

Objective:To comprehensively review the literature relating to the use of Artemisiae Argyi Folium (AAF;the dried leaf of Artemisia argyi Lévl.et Vant.from the Asteraceae family),and qi ai (AAF grown in Qichun County and the adjacent areas in Hubei Province,China) in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.Furthermore,this study aimed to give results of the contents determination of three bioactive components in qi ai and AAF.Methods:The literature was reviewed to acquire relevant information regarding the quality and application of AAF and qi ai.In addition,the contents of the bioactive components (essential oil,total flavonoids and tannins) were determined in 29 AAF samples collected from China and Korea using the methods in the Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015) or determined by our experiments.Results:The dried leaf of A.argyi Lévl.et Vant.from the Asteraceae family is a mainstream commodity of AAF.Qi ai is a commercial type of AAF well-known for its good quality,which has been recorded in Chinese ancient literature.Modern research has showed that more intense heat with stronger penetration was generated in moxibustion therapy when qi ai moxa stick was burnt compared with general moxa stick,which led to a better curative effect.Our research also showed that the contents of essential oil,total flavonoids and tannin in qi ai were significantly higher than those of general AAF samples.Conclusion:The superior quality of qi ai compared with general AAF may be due to relatively higher contents of bioactive components.This study provides basic information for further study and utilization of AAF and qi ai.

Antibacterial,antioxidant and antiproliferation activities of essential oils and ethanolic extracts from Chinese mugwort(Artemisia vulgaris L.)leaf in Shanxi

Background:Artemisia vulgaris,a medicinal aromatic plant,is widely used as a food item,tonic pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industry additive owing to its antibacterial,antihypertensive,hepatoprotective,antioxidant,and antispasmodic properties.But the effect of different geographic locations on the chemical composition and bioactivities of its extracts is unclear.Methods:Biological activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts of three varieties of Artemisia vulgaris leaves,which are grown in Shanxi province China,were studied.Results:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the main components of essential oils were terpenes and ketones.Essential oils and ethanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves possessed good antioxidant activities,and their half maximal inhibitory concentrations determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)assays were 57.0 and 22.9μg/mL,respectively.The essential oils also exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against three foodborne pathogenic bacterial strains.The ethanol extract presented a high anticancer activity against the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line.Conclusion:These biological activities were well correlated with the composition of the extract and EOs,which in turn is affected by the genetic composition of Artemisia vulgaris and geographic location and diverse climatic condition under which it is grown.These findings demonstrate the remarkable potential of Artemisia vulgaris as a valuable source of antioxidant,antibacterial,and anticancer agents.

Resistance of Microbial Community of Artemisia annua L.to Pathogenic Fungi

[Objectives]This paper was to figure out whether the dominant bacterial community has the role and effect of bacterial community and its defense mechanism against potential pathogenic fungi in Artemisia annua,and thus establish a systematic model of bacteria-fungus-plant.[Methods]Fifty-eight strains of bacteria and one strain of pathogenic fungi,Globisporangium ultimatum,were used for the experiments.These 58 bacterial strains were assembled into a bacterial community,and the bacteria with abundance in the top 1%were reassembled into a dominant bacterial community as measured by 16S rDNA.[Results]The growth of A.annua seedlings inoculated with bacterial communities and pathogenic fungi or dominant bacterial communities and pathogenic fungi was significantly better than that of A.annua seedlings inoculated with pathogenic fungi during in vitro confrontation,which was evident in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant assays.[Conclusions]The results suggest that the dominant bacterial community has a crucial role as a representative core microbial community of synthetic bacterial community,which can protect plants by interfering with the growth of phytopathogenic fungi mediated by chemical signals,and can be used as the main synthetic community of biocides to achieve the effect of biocontrol.

Effect of Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) Extracts on Hemolysis in Individuals with G6PD-Deficiency

Individuals with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are susceptible to hemolytic anemia when exposed to pro-oxidant substances. This study investigates the hemolytic impact of Artemisia annua (A. annua) extracts in G6PD-deficient subjects through a mixed experimental approach. In the in vitro phase, red blood cells from G6PD-deficient individuals and rats induced with Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were exposed to various concentrations of A. annua infusion, with distilled water and physiological saline as positive and negative controls respectively. The in vivo study involved G6PD-deficient Wistar rats divided into three groups receiving A. annua infusion, quinine (positive control), and distilled water (negative control) via gavage. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analyses. Notably, at a 40% concentration of A. annua infusion, there was a significant increase in the hemolysis rate of G6PD-deficient red blood cells compared to controls (p A. annua exhibited elevated aspartate aminotransferase (129.25 ± 4.55 U/L vs. 80.09 ± 4.03 U/L;p A. annua infusion tested positive for saponins. These findings underscore the risk of hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals upon ingesting A. annua.

Structural Features of Nuclei in Leaf Mesophyll Cells of Salt-Tolerant Artemisia marschalliana

All nuclei in mesophyll cells of Artemisia marschalliana are located in vacuoles and occupy up to 90% of their volume. The ultrastructural organization of chromatin in nuclei shows different degrees of its decondensation, up to complete separation of DNA from histones. It is possible that the separation of DNA from histones enables Artemisia to grow in soils with high salinity.

不同水平艾叶粉对草鱼生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的艾叶(Artemisia argyi)粉对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长性能的影响,并确定草鱼生长所需的最适艾叶粉水平。选择体重相近、健康的草鱼500尾,按照单因素试验设计原则,将其均分为4个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复25尾草鱼。各组试验草鱼分别投喂含有0%(空白对照组)、2%、4%和8%的艾叶粉的试验饲料。饲养10周后,检测各组试验草鱼的体重、增重率、特定生长率、存活率、饲料系数等生长性能指标。结果显示,与对照组比较,试验草鱼投喂4%和8%的艾叶粉可以显著提高试验草鱼的试验末重、特定生长率、增重率(P<0.05);而投喂4%和8%的艾叶粉可以显著降低试验草鱼的饲料系数(P<0.05)。试验草鱼投喂艾叶粉对草鱼的存活率、脏体比、肝体比未产生显著性影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,草鱼投喂适量的艾叶粉可以显著提高其生长性能,综合指标数据及养殖成本考虑,草鱼养殖中添加4%的艾叶粉对其生长性能效果最佳。

艾叶粉对草鱼机体非特异性免疫力的影响

研究探讨不同水平的艾叶(Artemisia argyi)粉对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)机体非特异性免疫力的影响,确定艾叶粉在草鱼饲料中的最适添加量。试验选择体重约为20g、体质健康的400尾草鱼随机分成4个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复25尾草鱼。对照组草鱼投喂基础饲料不含有艾叶粉,试验A组草鱼饲喂含有2%的艾叶粉的基础饲料,试验B组草鱼饲喂含有4%的艾叶粉的基础饲料,试验C组草鱼饲喂含有8%的艾叶粉的基础饲料。饲喂60d后,检测各组草鱼机体的非特异性免疫指标。结果显示,试验B组和试验C组草鱼血清溶菌酶活力显著提高(P<0.05),试验B组和试验C组草鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著提高(P<0.05),所有艾叶粉组草鱼血清中丙二醛水平显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,草鱼饲料中添加适量的艾叶粉可以提高机体的非特异性免疫力,且以4%的添加量效果最佳。

Effect of moxa smoke produced during combustion of Aiye(Folium Artemisiae Argyi) on behavioral changes in mice inhaling the smoke

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects that inhalation of the combustion products of the traditional Chinese herb Aiye(Folium Artemisiae Argyi) has on the central nervous system.METHODS: Forty Kunming mice(half male) were randomly assigned(n = 10/group) to a control group(C) or one of three moxa smoke concentration groups(% opacity): low(L1; 0.4%), medium(M1; 2%), and high(H1; 15%). Mice in the latter three groups were exposed to moxa smoke in a dynamic gas exposure cabinet for 20 min per day for7 days. Mice in control group were placed in the same cabinet without any intervention. For the sleep experiments, another 50 mice were divided into five groups of 10 mice each: a saline-injected control group, L1 + pentobarbital sodium(PS)-injected group, M1+PS group, H1(15%)+PS group,and a positive control group(10 mg/kg, chlorpromazine, p.o.). The weight, general activities, locomotor activities, rotarod performance, sleep duration,and sleeping rate induced by a subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium were recorded in the mice,and the composition of moxa smoke was analyzed using headspace gas chromatography(GC-HS).RESULTS: A low concentration of smoke significantly decreased the frequency of locomotor activities and the time for which the mice remaining on the rotarod; however, a high smoke concentration significantly prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and sleeping rate.CONCLUSION: The concentration-dependent relaxing effects of moxa smoke on the Central Nervous System(CNS) were confirmed. Moreover, GC-HS analysis showed that the component present in the highest concentration in moxa smoke was eucalyp-tol, an essential oil well recognized for its soothing effects on the CNS. This may therefore be accountable for the sedative effects of moxa smoke.

浅析蒌蒿研究现状

结合2000—2023年蒌蒿(Artemisia selengensis Turcz)相关的文献,综述了蒌蒿种植规模与技术的发展、功能成分的提取与活性研究、营养成分、保鲜相关酶活性与产品加工技术、食用安全等,梳理了蒌蒿产业发展中遇到的问题和解决办法,总结现有的技术成果,并浅析蒌蒿研究方向。

艾的有效成分与栽培技术研究进展

艾(Artemisia argyi Levl.et Van)具有多种药理作用与广泛的应用价值,对艾的有效成分及其栽培技术的研究综述意义深远。艾含有黄酮类、多糖类、挥发油、多酚类、鞣酸类、三萜类等一系列有效成分,适于在温带大陆性气候下种植。艾在阴坡的中下坡位种植可起到护坡作用,在矿区种植则能够对生态进行修复。药用种植可选取七尖蕲艾,食用则选取食用艾。艾种植以6月浅栽为佳,同时配合施用氮磷钾肥,定期进行田间管理。艾病虫害防控以“绿色植保”为主,可适当配合其他作物进行轮作、间作。蕲艾每年进行3次收割,提取精油以新鲜全株艾为宜,生产灸用制品的存放时间不宜超过3年。针对其有效成分,从立地条件、良种的应用、科学栽培与管理、病虫害防控、采收与储存等方面进行详细介绍,以期探究艾的规范化栽培技术,为艾的科学种植与产业化发展提供借鉴。

艾的药理作用及其应用

艾(Artemisia argyi)在医药方面的应用前景广阔,围绕艾的药理作用及其应用研究展开综述。研究发现,艾具有抑菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫、平喘、止咳、止血、抗凝血、预防肥胖和治疗心血管疾病等一系列药理作用,并在促进畜牧生产、食用、产品加工应用等方面有着较大的应用价值。建议开展生物菌肥的相关研究,为艾的绿色防控和规范化种植奠定基础。培育出耐重金属的艾品种,进行矿区土壤污染和植物修复,获得生态效益和经济效益的双赢,为艾的合理应用提供新思路。

蒌蒿种质资源根状茎主要营养成分测定与评价

对保存在国家种质武汉水生蔬菜资源圃的20份蒌蒿种质资源根状茎的主要营养成分进行了测定与评价。结果表明,蒌蒿种质资源根状茎的干物质、蛋白质、可溶性糖、粗纤维含量分别为17.90%、3.28%、10.14%、1.09%。从茎色来看,蒌蒿根状茎干物质、蛋白质、可溶性糖含量几乎都表现为红蒌蒿>青蒌蒿>白蒌蒿,仅青蒌蒿和白蒌蒿根状茎蛋白质含量相等,粗纤维含量表现为白蒌蒿>红蒌蒿>青蒌蒿。从叶型来看,蒌蒿根状茎干物质、蛋白质、可溶性糖含量都表现为碎叶蒿>柳叶蒿,而粗纤维含量表现为柳叶蒿>碎叶蒿。同一营养成分在类型间的差异都不显著。红蒌蒿和碎叶蒿根状茎的营养品质性状相对较好。李市蒌蒿的干物质、可溶性糖和粗纤维含量均为最高;沙洋蒌蒿蛋白质含量最高。蒌蒿根状茎的干物质与蛋白质、可溶性糖含量之间偏相关系数达显著正相关;蛋白质与可溶性糖含量之间偏相关系数达显著负相关。

Biocrust-induced partitioning of soil water between grass and shrub in a desert steppe of Northwest China

Maintaining the stability of exotic sand-binding shrub has become a large challenge in arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems in northern China.We investigated two kinds of shrublands with different BSCs(biological soil crusts)cover in desert steppe in Northwest China to characterize the water sources of shrub(Caragana intermedia Kuang et H.C.Fu)and grass(Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit.)by stable 18O isotopic.Our results showed that both shrublands were subject to persistent soil water deficiency from 2012 to 2017,the minimum soil depth with CV(coefficient of variation)<15% and SWC(soil water content)<6% was 1.4 m in shrubland with open areas lacking obvious BSC cover,and 0.8 m in shrubland covered by mature BSCs.For C.intermedia,a considerable proportion of water sources pointed to the surface soil.Water from BSCs contributed to averages 22.9%and 17.6%of the total for C.intermedia and A.scoparia,respectively.C.intermedia might use more water from BSCs in rainy season than dry season,in contrast to A.scoparia.The relationship between shrub(or grass)and soil water by δ^(18)O shown significant differences in months,which partly verified the potential trends and relations covered by the high variability of the water source at seasonal scale.More fine roots at 0-5 cm soil layer could be found in the surface soil layer covered by BSCs(8000 cm/m^(3))than without BSCs(3200 cm/m^(3)),which ensured the possibility of using the surface soil water by C.intermedia.The result implies that even under serious soil water deficiency,C.intermedia can use the surface soil water,leading to the coexistence between C.intermedia and A.scoparia.Different with the result from BSCs in desert areas,the natural withdrawal of artificial C.intermedia from desert steppe will be a long-term process,and the highly competitive relationship between shrubs and grasses also determines that its habitat will be maintained in serious drought state for a long time.

Research Progress on Nutrients of Artemisia argyi

Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese herb,which is widely distributed in various areas in China.In recent years,due to the development of A.argyi related industries and the continuous improvement of people’s health awareness,experts and scholars are concerned about the nutrients and effects of A.argyi.A.argyi is rich in carbohydrates,proteins,essential amino acids,fatty acids,minerals,vitamins,dietary fibers,flavonoids and other nutrients.It has the effects of antioxidant,anti-tumor,antibacterial,antiinflammatory,neuroprotection and immune regulations,and has been widely applied in the fields of COVID-19 prevention,food health care,food preservation and feed breeding,and has good development potential.This review summarized the research and application of A.argyi nutrients,in order to provide reference and application for further study.

不同提取方法对艾叶挥发油成分的影响

[目的]研究不同提取方法对艾叶挥发油成分的影响。[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法和CO2超临界萃取法提取艾叶中的挥发油,然后用气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油的化学成分进行鉴定,用归一法计算各组分的相对百分含量。[结果]采用水蒸气蒸馏法和CO2超临界萃取法提取的艾叶挥发油化学成分存在较大差异;超临界萃取得到艾叶挥发油的主要成分为1,2-苯二羧酸-2-乙基己基酯(17.81%)1、,2,34,4,a5,,6,8a-八氢-7-甲基-7-亚甲基-1-(1-亚甲基)-(1a,4a8,a)萘(11.13%);水蒸馏法得到艾叶挥发油的主要成分为4,66,-三甲基-[1S-(1a,2β,5a)]-二环[3.1.1]-3-庚烯-2-醇(22.05%)、4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-[1S-(1a,4b.5,a)]-二环[3.1.0]己烷-3-醇(10.69%)、石竹烯氧化物(10.62%)。[结论]超临界萃取所得挥发油的化学成分较多,其中极性较小的成分含量较高;水蒸馏法所得挥发油的化学成分集中在极性较大的醇类,极性较小的挥发成分用水蒸馏法相对难以提取。

陈艾提取物的总黄酮、总酚酸含量及抗氧化活性研究

采用超声辅助提取陈艾(Artemisia argyi)总黄酮、总酚酸,并利用清除ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基试验来对不同年份陈艾提取物的抗氧化能力进行研究。结果表明,新鲜艾草、一年陈艾、三年陈艾和三年陈艾残渣中所含的总黄酮及总酚酸含量有显著差异。其中,三年陈艾中的总黄酮、总酚酸含量最高,并且有较强的抗氧化活性。一年陈艾次之,新鲜艾草其含量最低,对自由基的清除作用相对较低。相关性研究显示,陈艾总黄酮与总酚酸含量和采用DPPH、ABTS+法评价的抗氧化活性无显著相关性。

Chemotaxonomic Study of the Covid-Organics of Madagascar Based on the Chemical Composition of Their Essential Oils

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils of “Covid-Organics” of Madagascar (62% Artemisia annua and two other undisclosed medicinal plants) used as curative and preventive treatments of Covid-19, to identify its constituent species. The essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation from two samples (curative and preventive) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. These essential oils (curative and preventive) were mainly dominated by camphor (17.9% and 11.9%, respectively), spathulenol (4.8% and 11.8%, respectively), α-acorenol (4.3% and 3.7%, respectively), (E)-β-caryophyllene (3.4% and 4.2%, respectively), 1,8-cineole (3.1% and 3.6%, respectively), hexadecanoïc acid (3.8% and 3.2%, respectively) and caryophyllene oxide (3.4% and 2.4%, respectively). From the chemical composition, two species were identified, A. annua characterised by camphor and Cinnamomumcamphora (Ravintsara) characterised by 1,8-cineole and sabinene. However, we were unable to identify the third species.