Analysis of the Effect of Problem-Oriented Nursing Intervention on Patients with Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans in Vascular Surgery

Objective: To analyze the effect of problem-oriented nursing intervention on patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) in vascular surgery. Methods: The clinical data of 128 patients with lower extremity ASO in vascular surgery were selected and randomly divided into groups A and B, with 64 cases each. Group A is the control group, and Group B is the observation group. Group A received the routine nursing intervention, and Group B received the problem-oriented nursing intervention. The compliance, self-care ability, psychological state, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients were evaluated based on various indicators. Results: After the intervention, the evaluation of self-care ability (ESCA) score of the patients in Group B was higher than that of Group A, and the symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) score was lower than that of Group A. The differences were significant (t = 10.019, t = 3.118, P < 0.01). After the intervention, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) index scores of the two groups increased and the increase in Group B was significantly higher than Group A (P < 0.001). The compliance rate of Group B (62/ 96.88%) was higher than that of Group A (52/ 81.25%), and the difference was extremely significant (χ2 = 8.020, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Problem-oriented nursing intervention for patients with lower extremity ASO in vascular surgery improved the patient’s self-care ability, and quality of life, reduced the patient’s negative emotions, and enhanced their overall satisfaction.

Advances in the management of arteriosclerosis of the lower extremity:Integrating Western and Chinese medicine approaches

This editorial provides a commentary on the recent article.The paper reviews current literature and explores innovative treatment strategies for lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans(LEASO)through an integrative approach.It highlights the effectiveness of combination therapies that merge traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with Western medical practices,suggesting that such integrative methods may improve patient compliance and outcomes through personalized care.This paper stresses the importance of rigorous clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM interventions within LEASO treatment protocols,advocating for evidence-based validation of these combined therapies.Our recommendations emphasize accurate diagnosis,appropriate pharmacological in-terventions,the use of advanced surgical and endovascular techniques,and the inclusion of TCM to address underlying dysfunctions.Additionally,continuous monitoring,patient education,and lifestyle modifications are essential to slow disease progression and achieve optimal patient outcomes.The paper concludes by calling for further research to develop standardized treatment protocols that effectively integrate both Western and Chinese medical approaches in managing LEASO.

Mechanism of Simiao Yongan decoction in the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremity through JAK/STAT signaling pathway

Objective:To predict the effective components,potential targets and pathways of Simiao Yong’an Decoction in the treatment of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans(ASO)based on the method of network pharmacology,and to explore the mechanism of Simiao Yong’an Decoction in treating ASO combined with cell experiment.Methods:TCMSP database was used to screen the active components and targets of Simiao Yong’an decoction,and Genecards and OMIM databases were used to obtain ASO related proteins;PPI network of drug disease target proteins was constructed by string platform;go function and KEGG pathway enrichment of Simiao Yong’an Decoction ASO target were analyzed by David database.The drug target pathway with high correlation with ASO was selected.The model of vascular smooth muscle cell injury(VSMCs)induced by ox LDL was used,and Simiao Yong’an decoction containing pharmaceutical Qing was given to verify the therapeutic effect of Simiao Yong’an Decoction on ox LDL induced VSMCs and its regulation on highly correlated target pathway.Results:A total of 126 active components of Simiao Yong'an Decoction were screened,40 targets of Simiao Yong’an Decoction ASO were selected,99 go biological processes and 48 related signal pathways were related to ASO;the experimental results showed that with the passage of time,Simiao Yongan decoction could significantly inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the percentage of BrdU positive cells in each dose group of Simiao Yong’an decoction was significantly higher than that in the model group In addition,Simiao Yong’an decoction could significantly inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs(P<0.05);in addition,Simiao Yongan decoction could inhibit the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β(P<0.05);significantly inhibit the expression of PCNA,JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA(P<0.05);Conclusions:Simiao Yong’an decoction has the effect of"multi-component,multi-target and multi-channel"in the treatment of ASO.It can inhibit the activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway,play an anti-inflammatory role and inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Lower extremity amputations and long-term outcomes in diabetic foot ulcers:A systematic review

BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus causes a large majority of non-traumatic major and minoramputations globally. Patients with diabetes are clinically complex with amultifactorial association between diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and subsequentlower extremity amputations (LEA). Few studies show the long-term outcomeswithin the cohort of DFU-associated LEA.AIMTo highlight the long-term outcomes of LEA as a result of DFU.METHODSPubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for key terms, “diabetes”,“foot ulcers”, “amputations” and “outcomes”. Outcomes such as mortality, reamputation,re-ulceration and functional impact were recorded. Peer-reviewedstudies with adult patients who had DFU, subsequent amputation and follow upof at least 1 year were included. Non-English language articles or studiesinvolving children were excluded.RESULTSA total of 22 publications with a total of 2334 patients were selected against theinclusion criteria for review. The weighted mean of re-amputation was 20.14%,29.63% and 45.72% at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. The weighted mean of mortality at 1, 3 and 5 years were 13.62%, 30.25% and 50.55% respectively withsignificantly higher rates associated with major amputation, re-amputation andischemic cardiomyopathy.CONCLUSIONPrevious LEA, level of the LEA and patient comorbidities were significant riskfactors contributing to re-ulceration, re-amputation, mortality and depreciatedfunctional status.

Clinical study about the effect of Simiao Yong'an Decoction on preventing in-stent restenosis and regulating inflammation and oxidative stress after lower extremity stent angioplasty stenting

Objective:To study the effect of Simiao Yong'an Decoction on the prevention of in-stent restenosis and the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress after lower extremity stent angioplasty.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 60 ASO patients who underwent lower extremity stent angioplasty in our hospital between January 2014 and January 2018.The patients were randomly divided into observation group receiving postoperative Simiao Yong'an Decoction combined with antiplatelet drug treatment and control group receiving postoperative antiplatelet drug treatment.The conditions of in-stent restenosis were followed up,and the indicators of coagulation,inflammation and oxidative stress were detected.Results:The incidence of in-stent restenosis in observation group 1 year after operation was significantly lower than that in control group;6 months and 12 months after operation,the ankle brachial index(ABI)levels,minimal lumen diameter(MLD)levels at the stent and superoxide dismutase(SOD)contents of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group,whereas D-dimer(D-D)and fibrinogen degradation product(FDP)levels as well as P-selectin,C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),malondialdehyde(MDA)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)contents were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusions:Simiao Yong'an Decoction can prevent the in-stent restenosis and inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress after lower extremity stent angioplasty.

Comparison of the Safety and Effectiveness of Lower Extremity Artery Bypass Grafting and Endovascular Angioplasty in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans in the Elderly

Objective:To compare the safety and effectiveness of lower extremity artery bypass grafting and endovascular angioplasty in the treatment of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans in the elderly.Methods:The data of 87 elderly patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans treated in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different treatment methods,they were divided into angioplasty group(n=45,intravascular angioplasty)and bypass grafting group(n=42,lower extremity artery bypass grafting).The success rate,hemodynamics of dorsalis pedis artery and nerve conduction of lower extremity were compared between the two groups Velocity,VAS score,late target vessel lumen loss(LLL),patency rate,restenosis rate,ankle brachial index(ABI)and clinical adverse events.Results:There was no significant difference between angioplasty group and bypass group(P>0.05).One month after operation,the hemodynamics of dorsalis pedis artery and nerve conduction velocity of lower limbs in the two groups were better than those before operation,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The VAS score of the two groups was significantly lower than that of the preoperative group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The ABI of the two groups was significantly improved after operation,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the groups at each time point(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in LLL,patency rate and restenosis rate between the two groups(P>0.05).There was statistical difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P<0.05).During the follow-up period,no serious adverse events such as death or amputation occurred in both groups.Conclusion:Endovascular angioplasty and lower extremity artery bypass grafting have the same clinical effect in the treatment of elderly patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans,which are safe and feasible.

Effect of Buerger’s Exercises on Improving Peripheral Circulation: A Systematic Review

The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence for the effectiveness of Buerger’s exercise on the peripheral circulation or diabetic foot ulceration. A systematic search and 18 electronic databases were conducted. The intervention was predominantly focused on Buerger’s exercise as an outcome. Due to high heterogeneity, data were synthesized in a narrative format rather than by statistical methods. Nine studies that covered 592 participants were selected in the analysis, of which 8 of the 9 found an effect of Buerger’s exercise on peripheral circulation. The positive effects were indicative of improving blood flow, walking ability, reducing necrosis, reducing venous embolism, pain, swelling, cyanosis and the bed-rest times. However, the study design and quality appraisal were limited to Jadad score 2 and the sample size was small. Findings provide some evidence of the beneficial effects of Buerger’s exercises. It was seen as a low cost and low risk physical activity that most diabetic patients could undertake at home. This review highlighted a need for further investigation of standardized procedures of Buerger’s exercises. More high quality studies on the prevention of diabetic foot are required regarding Buerger’s exercises.

iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症诊断中的应用价值

目的研究iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(LEASO)诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2022年3月至2023年10月期间确诊的106例LEASO患者作为本研究的LEASO组,以一般资料与LEASO组匹配且无动脉病变的80例志愿者作为对照组。两组受试者均进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)并采用iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术检测股骨头区域和踝关节区域达峰时间(TTP)、计算踝关节区域与股骨头区域TTP的差值,测量踝肱指数(ABI)。结果两组研究对象年龄、性别、体质量指数、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、股骨头区域TTP的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LEASO组踝关节区域TTP及TTP差值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LEASO组中不同Rutherford分类患者股骨头区域TTP的比较以及左侧病变患者与右侧病变患者股骨头区域TTP、踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Rutherford分类越高,踝关节区域TTP及TTP差值越低(P<0.05);经Pearson检验,LEASO患者的踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值与ABI呈负相关(P<0.05);经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值对LEASO具有诊断效能;经Delong检验,TTP差值诊断的ROC曲线下面积高于踝关节区域TTP(P<0.05)。结论iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术测定踝关节区TTP及TTP差值是诊断LEASO的量化指标。

糖尿病足感染患者外周血miR-155及miR-132表达水平及其与下肢血管病变程度的关系分析

目的:探究糖尿病足(DF)感染患者外周血miR-155及miR-132表达水平及其与下肢血管病变程度的关系。方法:选取2020年6月至2023年6月于我院就诊的62例单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者,纳入T2DM组,选取同期于我院就诊的93例T2DM合并DF感染患者,纳入DF感染组。比较两组患者外周血miR-155、miR-132水平,分析DF感染患者外周血miR-155、miR-132水平与临床特征之间的关系。根据泛大西洋学会联盟(TASC)分级标准将DF感染患者A级、B级、C级、D级,比较不同下肢血管病变程度DF感染患者外周血miR-155、miR-132水平,采用Spearman法分析外周血miR-155、miR-132与下肢血管病变程度的相关性。结果:DF感染组miR-155水平高于T2DM组,miR-132水平低于T2DM组(P均<0.05);miR-155高表达组DF溃疡病程、创面面积、Wagner分级IV级占比大于低表达组,而miR-132高表达组DF病程、创面面积、Wagner分级IV级占比小于低表达组,8周后DF溃疡愈合率大于低表达组(P均<0.05);A级至D级DF感染患者miR-155水平依次升高,而miR-132水平依次降低(P均<0.05);Spearman分析显示,miR-155表达水平与下肢血管病变程度呈正相关,而miR-132表达水平与下肢血管病变程度呈负相关(P均<0.05)。结论:DF感染患者外周血miR-155高表达,与下肢血管病变程度呈正相关,miR-132低表达,与下肢血管病变程度呈负相关。

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

目的分析下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理潜在类别及影响因素。方法采用一般资料问卷、下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力量表、社会支持评定量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表对470例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者进行调查,采用潜在剖面分析建立了4个下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力潜在类别模型,采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力潜在类别的影响因素。结果下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力分为“情绪改进型”(21.28%)、“日常生活改进型”(25.53%)、“全面改进型”(36.17%)和“全面保持型”(17.02%)4种潜在类别。文化程度、家庭人均月收入、吸烟、饮酒、居住地、体质指数、社会支持、焦虑为下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理潜在类别的影响因素。结论下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力处于中等水平,且具有明显的分类特征,医护人员可以根据患者不同自我管理类别特征,制订针对性的干预措施,以提高患者自我管理能力。

CT血管造影对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗效果评价及术后复发预测价值研究

目的探讨CT血管造影(CTA)对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)介入治疗效果评估及术后复发预测价值。方法选择130例ASO患者,其中男性81例,女性49例;年龄50~67岁,平均年龄58.92岁(标准差5.04岁);身体质量指数(BMI)21~27 kg/m^(2),平均BMI 24.28 kg/m^(2)(标准差1.33 kg/m^(2));高血压51例,糖尿病56例,冠心病57例;吸烟85例。均给予介入手术治疗及CTA检查,比较手术前后下肢动脉狭窄程度、斑块参数[斑块负荷(PB)、斑块面积(PA)、最小管腔面积(MLA)]。对所有患者进行为期1年的随访,根据ASO是否复发,分为复发组和未复发组,比较两组斑块参数,绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),分析PB、PA、MLA对ASO复发的预测价值。Logistic回归分析ASO复发的危险因素。结果术后中度狭窄(23.08%)、重度狭窄(19.23%)、完全闭塞率(3.08%)均低于术前(30.77%、46.15%、13.85%)(P<0.05)。术后PB、PA、MLA均低于术前[(29.82±4.11)%vs(62.82±8.16)%、(4.26±0.26)mm^(2)vs(9.26±1.33)mm^(2)、(3.01±0.17)mm^(2)vs(7.16±1.05)mm^(2)。P<0.05]。随访1年后,根据复发情况分为复发组28例和未复发组102例。复发组PB(57.63±4.28)%、PA(9.02±1.27)mm^(2)、MLA(6.96±1.01)mm^(2)均高于未复发组[(28.11±3.85)%、(4.07±1.07)mm^(2)、(2.85±0.12)mm^(2)。t=35.077、20.805、40.474,P<0.05]。PB、PA、MLA联合检测预测ASO复发的AUC是0.792[95%可信区间(CI)0.716~0.954],灵敏度、特异度分别是93.08%、91.13%,均高于单一检测(P<0.05)。高血压、糖尿病、血管闭塞长度、术后用药不规律、C反应蛋白(CRP)是ASO复发的危险因素(P<0.05)(OR=1.268、1.216、1.134、1.329、1.226;95%CI=1.135~1.438、1.128~1.395、1.034~1.296、1.162~1.468、1.133~1.429)。结论CTA可准确评估ASO患者下肢动脉狭窄程度,辅助临床评估治疗效果,提高对疾病复发的预测灵敏度及特异度,ASO的复发与多种因素有关,应当引起临床重视与关注。

下肢动脉血管重建术后并发淋巴漏的风险预测列线图模型建立及预防指导

目的探讨下肢动脉血管重建术后并发淋巴漏的影响因素,并以此构建风险预测列线图模型,同时提出相对应的预防指导建议。方法回顾性分析于2014年1月至2022年6月在徐州市中心医院行下肢动脉血管重建的879例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(LEASO)病人的临床资料,根据病人术后有无并发淋巴漏将其分为并发组(31例)和未并发组(848例),比较两组病人的一般资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析法分析下肢动脉血管重建术后并发淋巴漏的影响因素,并基于此采用R 3.4.5软件包绘制列线图模型,且绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对列线图模型的预测效能进行评估,绘制校准度曲线图并采用Bootstrap法检验预测列线图预测模型的一致性。结果单因素分析显示,两组身体质量指数(BMI)[(26.52±2.01)kg/m^(2)比(25.71±2.13)kg/m^(2)]及Fontaine分期[Ⅳ期38.71%比18.28%]、术中出血量[>100 mL 29.03%比11.20%]、术后血红蛋白(Hb)水平[(95.33±15.25)g/L比(104.57±22.38)g/L]、术后白蛋白(Alb)水平[(25.68±5.59)g/L比(28.28±6.17)g/L]、使用高频电刀(83.87%比55.54%)、腹股沟切口(80.65%比56.25%)差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。logistic回归分析可知,BMI[OR=2.52,95%CI:(1.18,3.86)]、Fontaine分期[OR=3.22,95%CI:(2.08,4.36)]、术中出血量>100 mL[OR=3.36,95%CI:(2.23,4.48)]、术后Hb水平[OR=2.97,95%CI:(1.75,4.20)]、术后Alb水平[OR=3.10,95%CI:(2.02,4.19)]、使用高频电刀[OR=3.39,95%CI:(2.20,4.59)]、腹股沟切口[OR=3.31,95%CI:(2.00,4.62)]均是影响LEASO病人下肢动脉血管重建术后并发淋巴漏的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。据此构建预测LEASO病人下肢动脉血管重建术后并发淋巴漏的列线图模型,预测值同实测值基本一致,一致性指数为0.836,模型具有良好的精准度和区分度。结论BMI、Fontaine分期、术中出血量>100 mL、术后Hb水平、术后Alb水平、使用高频电刀、腹股沟切口均为影响LEASO病人下肢动脉血管重建术后并发淋巴漏的影响因素,基于上述因素构建的列线图模型效能高。

吕培文应用鸡血藤治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症经验

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症可导致的肢体疼痛及致残等情况,给人们健康及经济带来极大负担,中医药在其治疗上有一定的优势。吕培文教授认为“络脉瘀滞”是下肢动脉硬化闭塞症主要病理改变,提出了“络以通为用”的观念,从而形成以“活血通络”为主的治法。鸡血藤具有补血活血、舒筋通络之功效,为补血活血类常用传统中药。临床上吕培文教授将其广泛应用于下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗,切实针对“络脉瘀滞”的病因病机,辨证配伍补气、补血养阴、温经散寒、清热、活血化瘀、化痰祛湿、理气类药物,可达到活血通络之功效。

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架置入术后支架内再狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探究下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架置入术后支架内再狭窄的危险因素。方法选取62例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架置入术后支架内再狭窄患者(再狭窄组)为研究对象,另选取本院下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架置入术后未发生狭窄患者62例(未狭窄组)进行病例对照研究,分析再狭窄组与未再狭窄组相关资料,通过二元logistic回归分析下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架置入术后支架内再狭窄影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,2组在年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、性别、Fontaine分类、高血压、冠心病、高脂血症、病程、血管病变长度、病变侧别、置入支架数量、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、血小板、单核细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、肾小球滤过率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在长期吸烟、糖尿病、术后规律服药、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、TIMI评分、HEART评分、ABI值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析显示,长期吸烟、糖尿病、术后规律服药、PLR、NLR、TIMI评分、HEART评分、ABI评分均是下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架置入术后支架内再狭窄影响因素(P<0.05)。结论长期吸烟、糖尿病、术后规律服药、PLR、NLR、TIMI评分、HEART评分、ABI评分均是下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架置入术后支架内再狭窄影响因素。

糖尿病足患者下肢动脉造影的特征性分析及其与Wagner分级的影响因素研究

目的探讨糖尿病足(diabetic foot,DF)患者下肢动脉造影的特征及其与Wagner分级的关系,明确DF患者下肢动脉病变的特点并拓展Wagner分级临床应用。方法纳入2016年1月至2022年10月住院的210例糖尿病患者,分为非糖尿病足组(NDF组,46例)和糖尿病足组(DF组,164例)。收集其一般临床资料、实验室检查结果及下肢动脉造影数据。结果与NDF组相比,DF组患者年龄较大,多合并高血脂、冠心病,糖尿病肾病患病率较高,糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平较高;DF组患者下肢血管狭窄率及闭塞率较高(P<0.05),膝下动脉的闭塞率(32.52%)明显高于膝上动脉的闭塞率(3.93%),膝下动脉的总累积率(54.27%)明显高于膝上动脉总累计率(40.85%)。与低级别Wagner分级组比较,高级别Wagner分级组膝下动脉的闭塞率较高(P<0.05)。结论DF患者下肢血管病变以膝下动脉闭塞为主,Wagner分级对DF患者下肢血管闭塞有一定的预测能力。

下肢CTA及足部CT灌注对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并足溃疡的研究

目的:探讨下肢CTA及足部CT灌注对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)合并足溃疡的诊断价值。方法:搜集29例经临床综合诊断为ASO合并足溃疡的患者,分析溃疡足下肢动脉狭窄情况,探讨下肢动脉狭窄程度预判ASO患者溃疡足的敏感度及特异性;分析溃疡足与非溃疡足的灌注值差异,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、表面通透性(PS)、平均通过时间(MTT)及达峰时间(Tmax);采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析下肢动脉狭窄程度及CT灌注值对溃疡足的诊断价值。结果:共有30只溃疡足、28只非溃疡足入组:①溃疡足胫后动脉(PTA)、胫前动脉(ATA)重度狭窄及闭塞高于腓动脉(PA)。②溃疡足的膝上动脉(股浅及腘动脉)重度狭窄/闭塞与非溃疡足比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),ROC曲线结果显示膝上动脉重度狭窄/闭塞联合预判ASO足部溃疡的AUC值为0.78,灵敏度为76.7%,特异度67.9%;膝下动脉重度狭窄/闭塞支数及分布未见明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。③足部CT灌注显示:溃疡足的BF、BV、Tmax及PS值与非溃疡足比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),ROC曲线结果显示BF、BV、Tmax及PS值四者联合诊断的AUC值为0.91,灵敏度76.7%,特异度96.4%,与下肢动脉狭窄程度比较诊断效能更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④膝上动脉狭窄程度联合CT灌注值诊断ASO足部溃疡的AUC值为0.93,灵敏度83.3%,特异度92.9%,两者联合与CT灌注值诊断效能比较,差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:下肢CTA联合足部CT灌注可以辅助诊断下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并足溃疡,对临床治疗决策有指导意义。

下肢动脉腔内血管成形术联合创面局部应用胰岛素治疗糖尿病足溃疡的临床效果研究

目的:观察下肢动脉腔内血管成形术(PTA)联合创面局部应用胰岛素治疗糖尿病足溃疡的临床效果。方法:选取2020年8月-2023年8月我院收治的糖尿病足溃疡合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者65例,所有患者均接受下肢动脉PTA治疗,根据治疗方法不同,将患者分为对照组35例和观察组30例。对照组采用常规外科换药法,即局部清创、清洁换药;观察组在常规外科换药基础上应用局部注射胰岛素及胰岛素溶液湿敷。对比两组的踝肱指数(ABI)、创面愈合情况及治疗有效率。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、糖尿病足病程、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖水平、Wanger分级、Fontaine分期、Rutherford分级、疼痛分级无显著性差异(P <0.05);两组术前及术后ABI指数对比无显著性差异(P <0.05),术后第4周,观察组愈合情况优于对照组(P <0.05);观察组治疗有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组组内比较,术后4周ABI指数较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),术后创面面积较术前明显缩小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:下肢动脉PTA手术联合创面局部应用胰岛素治疗糖尿病足溃疡,可促进创面愈合,提高创面愈合率,同时下肢PTA手术可改善糖尿病足溃疡患者下肢血供,对创面愈合起到促进作用,临床效果确切。

老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者不同治疗方式的预后分析

目的 探究不同治疗方法对老年下肢动脉闭塞症患者不良预后的影响。方法 回顾性选取2020年5月至2022年5月在西安交通大学第一附属医院周围血管科住院的老年下肢动脉闭塞症患者352例,根据患者意愿和病变特征分为球囊扩张组142例、支架置入组145例及保守治疗组65例,对所有患者进行13~24个月的随访,随访内容:主要不良心血管事件(MACE),包括全因死亡、急性心肌梗死、急性缺血性脑卒中和主要不良下肢事件(MALE),包括下肢静息痛、溃疡或皮肤缺损、坏疽、再闭塞、截肢发生情况,比较分析3组临床资料和预后,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线。结果 支架置入组全因死亡发生率显著低于保守治疗组(9.7%vs 23.1%,P<0.01)。支架置入组和球囊扩张组MALE静息痛发生率明显低于保守治疗组(4.8%、9.2%vs 24.6%,P<0.01)。结论 适合行介入治疗的老年下肢动脉闭塞症患者接受血管腔内治疗可以降低部分患者发生全因死亡和MALE事件风险。

超声微血管成像技术评估下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架术后再狭窄

目的探讨超声微血管成像(SMI)技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(LEASO)支架术后再狭窄评估中的应用价值。资料与方法回顾性分析大连大学附属新华医院2017年1月—2019年12月LEASO支架植入术后25根血管(20例患者)的常规血管超声、SMI和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果,并进行一致性检验;以DSA为“金标准”,观察SMI对LEASO的诊断价值。结果再狭窄程度评估:DSA显示闭塞7枚(28.0%),重度狭窄14枚(56.0%),中度狭窄4枚(16.0%);常规血管超声显示闭塞13枚(52.0%),重度狭窄9枚(36.0%),中度狭窄3枚(12.0%);SMI显示闭塞9枚(36.0%),重度狭窄12枚(48.0%),中度狭窄4枚(16.0%)。一致性分析:常规血管超声与DSA一致性强度中等(Kappa=0.558),SMI与DSA一致性强度高(Kappa=0.868),SMI与常规血管超声一致性强度中等(Kappa=0.420),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论SMI评估再狭窄程度与DSA的一致性强,且优于常规血管超声,或可成为LEASO支架术后随访、判断支架内再狭窄的一种新方法。

系统性炎症指标对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者发生肌少症的预测价值

目的:评估全身免疫炎症指数(SII)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值(LMR)和C反应蛋白(CRP)等系统性炎症指标对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)患者发生肌少症的预测价值。方法:本研究纳入江苏大学附属武进医院和南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院的251例ASO患者。依据第三腰椎腰大肌指数(PMI)将患者分为肌少症组和非肌少症组。收集患者的一般资料和相关血液指标,并计算SII、PLR、NLR和LMR。通过二分类Logistic回归分析确定ASO患者发生肌少症的危险因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估相关指标的预测效果。结果:251例ASO患者中,肌少症组和非肌少症组患者数分别为98例(39.0%)和153例(61.0%)。与非肌少症组相比,肌少症组患者年龄明显增加(P<0.001),SII、PLR、NLR和CRP水平明显增高(P<0.01),而BMI和LMR水平明显降低(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,高龄、BMI偏低、SII上升均为ASO患者发生肌少症的独立危险因素。ROC曲线结果显示,年龄、BMI、SII和3项指标联合预测肌少症发生的曲线下面积分别为0.674、0.678、0.644和0.746(P均<0.001)。结论:年龄、BMI及系统性炎症指标中的SII对ASO患者肌少症的发生有一定的预测价值。