Concomitant atypical knee gout and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis:A case report

BACKGROUND Gout and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis(SNRA)are two distinct inflammatory joint diseases whose co-occurrence is relatively infrequently reported.Limited information is available regarding the clinical management and prognosis of these combined diseases.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman with a 20-year history of joint swelling,tenderness,and morning stiffness who was negative for rheumatoid factor and had a normal uric acid level was diagnosed with SNRA.The initial regimen of methotrexate,leflunomide,and celecoxib alleviated her symptoms,except for those associated with the knee.After symptom recurrence after medication cessation,her regimen was updated to include iguratimod,methotrexate,methylprednisolone,and folic acid,but her knee issues persisted.Minimally invasive needle-knife scope therapy revealed proliferating pannus and needle-shaped crystals in the knee,indicating coexistent SNRA and atypical knee gout.After postarthroscopic surgery to remove the synovium and urate crystals,and following a tailored regimen of methotrexate,leflunomide,celecoxib,benzbromarone,and allopurinol,her knee symptoms were significantly alleviated with no recurrence observed over a period of more than one year,indicating successful management of both conditions.CONCLUSION This study reports the case of a patient concurrently afflicted with atypical gout of the knee and SNRA and underscores the significance of minimally invasive joint techniques as effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the field of rheumatology and immunology.

Rare Association between Chronic Tophaceous Gout and Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Black African Subject: A Case Report

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout are common diseases, but their coexistence is rare. We describe the case of a 76-year-old man with hypertension who had been treated for gout for 20 years on allopurinol and colchicine. He was seen in consultation for deforming polyarthritis of the small and large joints, which had been evolving for about 2 years. The acute episode occurred 10 days earlier with the onset of bilateral and symmetrical polyarthritis affecting the large and small joints. The physical examination revealed a peripheral joint syndrome with ulnar gale force deformities of the hands and several buttonhole deformities of the fingers. In addition, there were nodules, some of which were fistulised, giving rise to a chalky slurry. The biology revealed an inflammatory syndrome in addition to rheumatoid factors and ACPA, which were elevated. Biological analysis of the nodular fluid revealed clusters of sodium urate crystals and ultrasound scans of the joints revealed a double-contour appearance in several joints. The diagnosis of RA was made using the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. The patient was treated as an outpatient with corticosteroids before being put on methotrexate. It is important to understand that these two conditions can occur at the same time, so it is important to consider them when treating patients with gout or RA.

Concomitant Septic Arthritis on Gouty Arthropathy: A Case Report

We’re reporting the case of an arthritis to banal germ occurred in concomitance with an advanced polyarticular of gout. It was about a patient of 59 years with alcoholic and gouty chronicle more than 10 years, but without specialized medical follow-up. He has been admitted in hospitalization for a big inflammatory and stiff right knee, letting rising the pus through two cutaneous fistulas in a context of non-febrile change of his peripheral polyarthritis of the big and small articulations. Gout was at distal predominance, bilateral, distorting, tophaceous and active. Inflammatory syndrome was important (ESR = 50 mm in the 1st hour and CRP = 28 mg/l) and uricemia was high, at 84 mg/l. The glycaemia, the hepatic, the viral, renal and serological evaluation (HIV and B, C hepatitis) were normal. The bacteriological analysis of the pus collected after puncture of the knee and cleaning identified a negative gram bacillus, Morganella morganii, multi-resistant, but sensitive to the Imipeneme and to the aminosides. The evolution was lethal in a picture of multivisceral failing in spite of a bi-antibiotherapy and under hypo-uricemia treatment prescription.

Anti-inflammatory effect of luteolin in acute gouty arthritis rat model

Objective: To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of luteolin on rats with acute gout arthritis. Methods: A total of forty-eight rats were chosen and randomly divided into six groups. The acute gout arthritis model of rats was established by injecting monosodium urate at the concentration of 25 mg/mL into the ankle joint cavity. Changes of joint swelling index at different time points and the levels of IL-1β, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6 in serum and synovial were measured. Results: Compared with the control group, the swelling index of ankle joint and gait score in the model group was significantly enhanced at different time points (all P<0.01). Compared with the MSU group, luteolin improved the ankle swelling index of rats with acute gout arthritis (P<0.05), and significantly down-regulated the levels of IL-1β, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Luteolin can alleviate the inflammatory response of acute gouty arthritis and may be an effective drug for acute gouty arthritis.

Etiologies of Arthritis in Sub-Saharan Africa Rheumatology Practice

Objective: To research distribution of etiologies modification of arthritis in Congo-Brazzaville, twenty years after the first reports. Methods: A cross sectional study has been achieved. Medical files of patients admitted for arthritis between 2000 and 2014, in Rheumatology department of Brazzaville university teaching hospital have been included. Among 416 patients listed as cases of arthritis, 201 answered to the inclusion criterias have been kept for analysis. The etiological diagnoses were based on criterias of classification and/or diagnosis used in Rheumatology. Results: 201 patients, 110 men (54.72%) and 91 women (45.28%) were included. The sex-ratio was 1.2, and average age was 45.5 years old (extremes: 8-86 years). Among them, 72 patients had microcrystal arthritis. Septic arthritis and those associated with HIV constituted the second etiological group of 60 patients and respectively, 32 were bacterial and 28 HIV associated arthritis. 58 remaining patients had a chronic inflammatory arthritis. Etiology distribution showed that gout was the most frequent (33.83%), followed by septic arthritis (15.92%), HIV associated arthritis (13.93%) and rheumatoid arthritis (11.94%). In 11 patients (5.5%), etiology was unknown. Conclusion: Three decades after the first publications in Brazzaville, the etiologies of arthritis remain dominated in order of frequency by gout, septic arthritis and HIV associated arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The frequency of indeterminate arthritis decreased significantly. Spondy-loarthropathy and autoimmune diseases are more common diagnosis.

Etoricoxib versus indometacin in the treatment of Chinese patients with acute gouty arthritis： a randomized double-blind trial

Background Acute gout is an intensely painful, inflammatory arthritis. Although the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） are widely used for this condition, the efficacy is based on only a few studies, particularly in China. We tried to assess the safety and efficacy of etoricoxib in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis in China. Methods A randomized, double-blind, active comparator study was conducted at 10 sites in China. Patients （n=178; 〉18 years of age） with acute gouty attack （〈48 hours） were treated for 5 days with etoricoxib （120 mg/d; n=89） or indometacin （75 mg twice daily; n=89）. The primary efficacy end point was self-assessed pain in the affected joint （0-4 point Likert scale） from days 2-5. Secondary end points included investigator assessments of tenderness and swelling, patient/ investigator global assessments of response to therapy, and patients discontinuing treatment. Safety was assessed by adverse events （AEs）. Results Etoricoxib and indometacin had comparable primary and secondary end points. Mean change difference from baseline from days 2-5 was 0.03 （95% confidence interval （CI） -0.19 to 0.25; P=0.6364）, which fell within the prespecifled comparative bounds of -0.5 to 0.5. No severe AEs were associated with etoricoxib use. Non-severe AEs were mainly digestive and general, and most （73.7%） were mild, although they caused withdrawal of two subjects in the etoricoxib group, due to bilateral renal calculi and uronephrosis of the left kidney （unrelated to etoricoxib） and fever and chills （potentially etoricoxib-related）. Overall, AEs were similar, although the absolute number of AEs in the etoricoxib group （n=31） was less than the indometacin group （n=34）. Conclusions Etoricoxib （120 mg once daily） is effective in treating acute gout, is generally safe and well-tolerated, and is comparable in efficacy to indometacin （75 mg twice daily）.

Efficacy of Rebixiao Chinese herbal tablets and Chinese formula granules in acute gout arthritis patients:a randomized,multicenter,double-blind,controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Rebixiao(RBX)Chinese herbal tablets(CHT)and Chinese formula granules(CFG)in the treatment of acute gout arthritis(AGA).METHODS:This randomized,multicenter,double-blind,controlled trial included 165 AGA patients with the damp-heat symptom pattern who were randomly divided into an RBX CHT group and an RBX CFG group and treated for 7 d at three centers.The total effective rates of the joint symptom score,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)symptoms score,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and C-reactive protein(CRP)were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Safety assessments were also performed.RESULTS:Of the 165 enrolled patients,147 completed the clinical observation.There was no difference in baseline between the two groups.The total effective rates of the joint symptom score were 94.36%and 97.36%,and the total effective rates of the TCM symptoms score were 95.77%and 97.36%in the CFG group and CHT group,respectively.No statistical difference was found between the two groups(P>0.05).Additionally,ESR and CRP were similar in both groups(P>0.05).Furthermore,treatment efficacy regarding TCM and joint symptoms,the ESR,and CRP were consistent within each center and among the different centers(P>0.05).In addition,the incidence of adverse events was 4.22%and 2.63%in the CFG group and CHT group,respectively,and no difference was observed between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:RBX CFG and CHT have significant and similar efficacy in the treatment of AGA,and CFG did not increase adverse side effects.

Mechanism of Qingre Yangyin Chushi Pill in the treatment of gout based on NLRP3/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway

Background:The study was conducted with the interest of exploring the effects of Qingre Yangyin Chushi pill as anti-inflammatory agent in gout treatment based on the NLRP3/GSDMD coke death pathway.Methods:In this study,48 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,namely model group,blank control group(BC),Qingre Yangyin Chushi pill low-dose treatment group(MSD1),medium-dose treatment group(MSD2),high-dose treatment group(MSD3),and colchicine group(PC),with eight members in each group.The BC and model groups were administered with saline twice a day.The MSD1,MSD2,and MSD3 groups were administered with Qingre Yangyin Chushi pill at a dose of 1.8 g·kg^?1,3.6 g·kg^?1,and 7.2 g·kg^?1 twice a day.The colchicine group was administered with a colchicine suspension at a dose of 0.6×10^?3 g kg^?1 twice a day for 7 days.After gavage of animals in each group for 4 days,the rats'ankle joints were injected with sodium urate suspension×3 days to induce a gouty arthritis model.Then,serum and tissue samples were collected on the third and seventh day after gavage.The synovial tissue from the rat ankle joints was taken,and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),inflammatory bodies,cysteine protease-1(Caspase-1),and Gasdermin-D protein(GSDMD)expression.Image-Pro Plus image analysis system was used to measure the average integrated absorbance and calculate IHS.Integral enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and interleukin 18(IL-18)expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Western blot was used to detect NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD,and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC)expression levels.Results:After 48 hours of modeling,compared with the PC group,the arthritis indices of the MSD1,MSD2,and MSD3 groups were insignificant(P>0.05).The levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-αwere lower in the PC and MSD2 groups compared with the BC group.However,compared with the control group,MSD1,MSD2,and PC groups had lower levels of IL-1βand IL-18.Regarding TNF-αlevels(P<0.05);compared with the PC group,the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-αin MSD2 decreased more significantly(P<0.05).The levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD,ASC,IHS score,and mRNA were lower in the PC and MSD2 groups(P<0.05)compared with the control group.The MSD1 and MSD2 groups had lower levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD,ASC protein levels,IHS points,and mRNA levels(P<0.05)compared with the PC group.Moreover,NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD,ASC protein levels,IHS points,and mRNA levels were more reduced in the MSD2 group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Qingre Yangyin Chushi pill can inhibit the activation of the NLPR3 inflammatory complex,reduce the production of GSDMD protein,regulate the occurrence of pyroptosis,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and thus reduce arthritis.All these processes are achieved through the NLRP3/GSDMD pathway.

The Pathognomic Radiologic Features of Gout in the Fingers and Review of the Literature, Including the Latest Drug Therapy

Gout is one of the most common inflammatory arthritides that predominantly affects the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The underlying inflammatory process is elicited by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the affected joint that are termed tophi and which may in the course of chronic gout progress into subcutaneous depositions of tophi. In this case report, we present a patient (PID: 6925981) who was seen in our outpatient department with a first episode of tophaceous gout in the finger, an infrequently seen condition that mostly affects older men with long-term gout. We discuss the case in view of the current literature on diagnosis and treatment of tophaceous gout.

Differences in Acute Phase Reactants between Gout and Pseudogout

Objectives: To define clinical differences in the acute phase response and serum acute phase reactants between gout, pseudogout and crystal-induced arthritis in the presence of non-articular infections (CAI). Patients and Methods: Eleven patients with definite gout, 12 patients with pseudogout and 5 patients with CIA were included in the study. Results: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was significantly different between gout (68.2 ± 49.9 mm/Hr) and CIA (113.8 ± 37.2 mm/Hr) but not between gout and pseudogout (83.9 ± 45.6 mm/Hr) or between pseudogout and CIA. The C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly increased between gout (10.1 ± 7.9 mg/dL) and pseudogout (18.9 ± 9.8 mg/dL), gout and CIA (36.5 ± 12.4 mg/dL) as well as between pseudogout and CIA. The peripheral white cell count was significantly different between gout (9.27 ± 3.7 k/μL) and CIA (16.5 ± 6.8 k/μL), and between pseudogout (8.9 ± 3.2 k/μL) and CIA. Conclusions: Measurement of ESR and CRP are helpful in crystal-induced arthritis. The CRP has more discriminating utility than the ESR in distinguishing between gout, pseudogout and CIA. Peripheral wbc is most useful for differentiating crystal-induced arthritis from CIA.

Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Zanthoxylum bungeanum against gout

Background:Gout is an inflammatory joint disease.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Zanthoxylum bungeanum(Z.bungeanum)has significant anti-inflammatory and osteoprotective effects.This study is aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of Z.bungeanum on gouty arthritis.Methods:Firstly,the compounds in the water extract of Z.bungeanum(WZB)were analyzed by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS/MS.The compounds and disease targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction platform and GeneCards database,and the candidate targets were acquired by taking the intersection.Next,the protein interaction network was constructed and the hub genes were screened using String platform and Cytoscape software.Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of hub genes were performed using Metascape platform.Finally,the disease-pathway-target-drug-component network diagram was constructed to obtain the active components and targets for treating disease,and the affinity between components and targets were predicted by applying Discovery Studio software.In vitro,using an acute gout model of RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by Monosodium Urate to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of WZB on Gout.Meanwhile,we established a mice model of hyperuricemia and measured the serum xanthine oxidase(XOD)activity and uric acid(UA)contents.Results:A total of 20 chemical components were identified from WZB,mainly alkaloid components.The network pharmacology results showed that Dihydrobungeanool,Quercetin,Hydroxy-α-sanshool and Hydroxy-ɛ-sanshool were the main active components of WZB against gout.MAPK1,PIK3CA,EGFR and TLR1 proteins were the main targets of WZB in the treatment of gout.Pathways in cancer,PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,Th17 cell differentiation and MAPK signaling pathway were closely related to anti-gout.Molecular docking results have shown that Dihydrobungeanool may be the main active ingredient of WZB for gout treatment,and PIK3CA is the main potential target.The cellular gout model showed that WZB significantly reduced IL-1βand TNF-αinflammatory factor levels and influenced the expression of PI3K protein.In addition,WZB administration effectively reduced UA levels and XOD activity in the serum of mice with hyperuricemia.Conclusion:Our study results suggest that WZB could treat gout by acting on PIK3CA gene target to reduce the level of inflammatory factors,and reduce XOD activity to lower UA levels.

新型乌蔹莓水凝胶对湿热蕴结型痛风性关节炎的干预效果

目的探讨新型乌蔹莓水凝胶对湿热蕴结型痛风性关节炎的干预效果及作用机制。方法选取90例符合痛风性关节炎西医诊断标准、中医辨证属湿热蕴结证的患者作为研究对象,随机分成治疗组、对照组和空白组,每组30例。空白组仅采用依托考昔治疗,对照组采用依托考昔联合乌蔹莓膏治疗,治疗组采用依托考昔联合外敷乌蔹莓水凝胶治疗。比较3组临床疗效、症状改善时间、安全性、舒适性和治疗前后中医证候积分、血清炎性因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血沉(ESR)]、NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、关节活动度变化情况。结果治疗组、对照组治疗总有效率分别为93.33%、90.00%,高于空白组的70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组疼痛、红肿、压痛、关节活动受限症状改善的时间短于对照组、空白组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗7 d后,治疗组中医证候积分低于对照组、空白组,治疗组、对照组血清CRP、TNF-α、ESR水平和NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白P50、P65表达低于空白组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗7 d后VAS评分低于对照组、空白组,且治疗组用药舒适度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乌蔹莓水凝胶对痛风性关节炎的治疗效果优于乌蔹莓膏,其作用机制可能与调控NF-κB通路、抑制炎性因子表达有关,且水凝胶使用方便卫生,舒适性高,有望成为安全、有效、便捷的痛风性关节炎外敷中药。

痛风病中医认识源流考

痛风病是与高尿酸血症、尿酸盐沉积密切相关的慢性、进展性、致残性代谢疾病。本文旨在系统梳理痛风病各阶段相关的中医药古籍记载,厘清其中医药认识发展脉络,明确各时期对痛风病的认知及其特点,为痛风病深入研究和临床防治提供中医药理论支撑。通过查阅先秦至明清时期中医医论、方书、本草及医案106部,从中归纳整理有关痛风病的中医药认识,包括病名、症状、病因病机及治疗用药等,探析其发展源流。先秦时期,中医药古籍零星记载了痛风病各阶段的症状、病名和(或)病因病机;汉至隋唐,医家在扩充病名、症状及病因病机的基础上,提出了多种内外治法,标志着痛风病理论形成;宋元明清,证候分型、鉴别诊断及饮食禁忌等论述丰富了这一理论。中医药对痛风病的认识萌芽于先秦,理论形成于汉至隋唐,丰富发展于宋元明清,逐渐形成了一套较为全面的痛风病中医理论体系。

急性痛风性关节炎患者外周血脂联素与CD4^(+)T细胞亚群的分析及相关性研究

目的比较急性痛风性关节炎患者与健康对照组外周血脂联素及CD4+T细胞亚群的差异,并探究痛风患者脂联素与血尿酸、疾病活动度、CT4^(+)T细胞亚群及部分细胞因子的相关性。方法收集急性痛风组(n=90)及健康对照组(n=72)的临床资料(包括一般资料、中性粒细胞、红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白、血尿酸、CT4^(+)T细胞亚群及部分细胞因子);检测两组外周血脂联素水平,比较两组间外周血脂联素及CD4+T细胞亚群的差异;分析脂联素与各临床资料的相关性。结果与健康对照组比较,急性痛风组外周血脂联素水平明显降低(P<0.001),且Th2、Th17、Th17/Treg均升高(P<0.05),Treg、Th1/Th2均降低(P<0.05)。急性痛风组外周血脂联素与中性粒细胞、红细胞沉降率及C反应蛋白均呈负相关(r=-0.244,P<0.05;r=-0.311,P<0.05;r=-0.506,P<0.001),而与血尿酸无相关性。急性痛风组外周血脂联素与Th1和Th1/Th2均呈正相关(r=0.252,P<0.05;r=0.218,P<0.05)。急性痛风组外周血脂联素与白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)和白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)均呈正相关(r=0.323,P<0.05;r=0.377,P<0.05;r=0.359,P<0.05);而与白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)呈负相关(r=-0.265,P<0.05;r=-0.299,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,急性痛风组外周血脂联素与红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白、IL-6及TNF-α均呈负相关(B _(ESR)=-12.541,P=0.003;B_( CRP)=-8.256,P=0.024;B_( IL-6)=-15.907,P=0.037;B _(TNF-α)=-79.770,P=0.040),而与Th1呈正相关(B _(Th1)=2.959,P=0.006)。结论急性痛风性关节炎患者外周血脂联素水平降低,Th2和Th17升高,而Treg降低,脂联素降低与急性痛风性关节炎患者免疫紊乱及免疫炎症相关。

腕关节镜清理术联合宣痹汤治疗急性痛风性腕关节炎

目的:观察腕关节镜清理术联合宣痹汤中西医结合治疗急性痛风性腕关节炎临床疗效。方法:自2015年9月至2020年6月,四川省骨科医院住院及门诊治疗的急性痛风性腕关节炎患者共70例,按随机化分组原则,将纳入研究的患者分为两组,观察组采用腕关节镜清理术联合宣痹汤治疗(n=35),对照组采用秋水仙碱联合外用二黄新伤止痛软膏治疗(n=35)。随访比较两组患者治疗后2周、3月、6月疗效。观察指标:血生化指标[细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血尿酸(UA)]、腕关节疼痛视觉模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale VAS)评分、Coon⁃ey腕关节评分、复发情况及手术并发症、药物不良反应情况等。结果:治疗后两组生化指标(ERS、CRP、UA)整体均呈现降低趋势。观察组治疗后2周升高,之后下降,3个月、6个月时较对照组下降幅度大,组内和组间各时间点比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者腕关节疼痛视觉模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale VAS)评分随时间均呈降低,观察组治疗后2周疼痛缓解幅度较大,3个月、6个月观察组持续稳定在疼痛评分较低水平,比对照组疼痛评分更低。对照组3个月之后疼痛评分略有上升趋势。组间各时间点比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组Cooney腕关节评分各维度评分随时间呈逐渐提高趋势,3个月后观察组提高幅度更大,对照组2周后腕关节评分基本稳定,无明显进一步提高,组间各时间点比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后6个月观察组痛风性腕关节炎复发率明显低于对照组(0.00%vs.28.57%,P<0.05)。手术并发症及药物不良反应:观察组术后1例患者出现关节血肿,1例手术切口延迟愈合,无胃肠道反应。对照组单纯胃肠道反应3例,单纯外用药物过敏2例,胃肠道反应合并外用药过敏3例。对照组不良反应发生率明显高于对照组(5.71%vs.22.86%,P<0.05)。治疗两周后,观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(94.82%vs.80.16%,P<0.05)。结论:腕关节镜清理术联合宣痹汤中西医结合治疗急性痛风性腕关节炎安全性较高,临床疗效持久。

中医特色护理在痛风性关节炎中的应用研讨

目的针对痛风性关节炎(GA)患者在常规护理基础上联合中医特色护理,观察其对患者日常生活活动能力、生活质量的影响。方法收集2021年7月至2023年1月我院GA患者(n=60)进行前瞻性研究,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组。对照组采用常规护理,内容包括生活起居、饮食、运动、心理、疼痛指导、穴位贴敷,观察组在此基础上联合耳部全息铜砭刮痧。比较两组护理前后Barthel评分、关节肿胀与疼痛程度(VAS量表),采用问卷调查患者满意度并进行比较。结果护理前组间Barthel、关节肿胀及疼痛评分比较结果为P>0.05;经过不同方案的护理之后,观察组Barthel评分高于对照组与护理前,关节肿胀、疼痛评分低于对照组与护理前,差异显著(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度为93.33%与对照组的73.33%比较,差异明显(P<0.05)。结论中医特色护理有利于改善GA患者临床症状,减轻关节肿胀及疼痛程度,提高患者日常生活活动能力,患者满意度高。

基于xCell算法研究痛风的免疫生物标志物及相关靶向中药的筛选

目的研究痛风致病的关键基因以及免疫生物标志物,挖掘潜在的靶向中药,为痛风的临床治疗提供新方向。方法从GEO数据库下载痛风芯片数据集,使用R软件进行差异基因的筛选,并对这些差异基因进行GO及基因通路KEGG富集分析。应用STRING数据库对差异基因进行蛋白质互作网络分析,利用Cytoscape筛选关键基因。使用ELISA方法对关键基因的蛋白表达水平进行实验验证。进一步使用xCell估计免疫细胞在痛风中的相对表达情况及相关性,最后通过Coremine Medical数据库对显著富集的免疫相关生物学过程及关键基因中药进行预测。结果筛选出痛风差异基因共计852个。在GO富集分析中,与免疫反应密切相关的主要生物学过程包括白细胞的趋化性、IL(白细胞介素)-2的产生以及血管生成的调控;KEGG通路主要富集于IL-17信号通路、趋化因子信号通路和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路等。筛选出TNF、IL-6、IL-1β、趋化因子配体8(CXCL8)、FOS原癌基因(FOS)和血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)等10个关键蛋白,实验验证关键基因蛋白表达水平与芯片数据的表达趋势一致。免疫分析显示,单核细胞、记忆B细胞、初始CD8+T细胞和树突状细胞与痛风关系密切。中药预测发现,人参、三七、黄芩、三白草和丹参等为治疗痛风的潜在药物。结论本研究揭示了痛风致病的可能关键基因以及免疫机制,挖掘出潜在的靶向中药。这些关键基因和中药有望为痛风的治疗提供新的思路和方法。

痛风性膝关节炎关节镜术后谨防痛风急性发作和术后感染的误诊误治

目的:比较痛风性膝关节炎行关节镜术后痛风急性发作与术后感染临床特征差异。方法:自2017年1月至2022年12月共收治235例痛风性膝关节炎患者,并接受关节镜下膝关节痛风病灶清理。35例术后发热≥38°C,手术关节发生红、肿、热、痛急性炎症反应,男29例,女6例,年龄17~81(41.48±13.90)岁。23例确诊为痛风急性发作(急性发作组),男18例,女5例,年龄17~81(41.95±14.99)岁,予秋水仙碱、泼尼松龙治疗;12例确诊为术后关节感染(感染组),男11例,女1例,年龄18~61(40.57±11.10)岁,予抗感染治疗及关节腔清理冲洗。比较两组手术情况、血液学、关节液、临床特征。结果:急性发作组起热时间多发生于48 h内,明显早于术后感染组(P=0.037)。急性发作组VAS峰值疼痛(5.32±1.38)分,高于感染组(2.45±0.68)分(P=0.000),其中14例痛风急性发作患者伴发其他关节剧痛。血液学方面,两组白细胞计数及比例等指标均有所上升。炎症指标方面,两组红细胞沉降率、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、降钙素原等炎症指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而术后感染组C反应蛋白(220.97±116.30)mg·L^(-1),高于急性发作组(120.67±82.45)mg·L^(-1)(P=0.006)。急性发作组血尿酸(316.55±112.84)μmol·L^(-1),高于感染组(159.14±126.92)μmol·L^(-1)(P=0.001)。感染组关节液检查糖代谢指标低于急性发作组(P=0.001)。术后感染组5例细菌培养阳性。结论:痛风性膝关节炎关节镜术后发生急性炎症反应需谨慎鉴别痛风急性发作和术后感染。二者诊断与鉴别诊断应结合临床体征、血液学和关节液检查结果综合判断,并给予针对性治疗,从而避免误诊误治导致严重并发症发生。

痛风致骨破坏机制的研究与进展

背景:慢性痛风患者体内尿酸钠盐沉积在骨关节、滑膜周围,侵蚀、破坏骨质,导致痛风性关节炎和畸形等严重并发症。研究尿酸钠晶体侵蚀和破坏骨质的机制,有助于临床早期干预痛风性疾病,预防和延缓骨破坏引起的并发症。目的:通过临床影像学研究和实验性基础研究探讨痛风晶体对骨质的破坏作用,综述目前痛风导致骨破坏现象和机制研究进展和和发展前景,指导临床早期干预痛风性骨破坏,为研究骨破坏作用指引方向。方法:通过计算机检索万方、PubMed等数据库,中文检索词为“痛风,骨破坏,骨侵蚀”;英文检索词为“tophi,gout,RANKL,bone destruction,bone erosion”,通过纳入与排除标准,最终选择64篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:临床研究(影像、组织病理学)的特异性表现一定程度上阐述了痛风的溶骨过程,在基础研究中,痛风致骨破坏机制可分以下5方面:①尿酸钠晶体对骨破坏有重要作用,直接影响骨细胞、软骨细胞、成骨细胞和促骨吸收因子促进骨破坏;②核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RNAKL)等促吸收因子参与骨破坏;③T细胞介导的细胞免疫在骨破坏中起桥梁作用,激活的T细胞诱导破骨细胞分化;④单核/巨噬细胞不但是破骨样细胞的前体,而且可以诱导核因子κB受体活化因子配体等促吸收因子表达;⑤中性粒细胞影响骨细胞排列形态,中性粒细胞外诱捕网通过促进破骨细胞分化促进溶骨。

易误诊的膝骨性关节炎临床分析

目的分析膝骨性关节炎(KOA)早期误诊的原因,以提高该病诊断准确性。方法选取2021年2月至2022年4月3例初诊为其他疾病的KOA患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果1例因右膝关节晨僵和肿胀就诊,初步诊断为类风湿关节炎,误诊时间11 d;进一步超声检查显示关节内无滑膜增生,但存在明显的软骨磨损,磁共振成像显示关节软骨退行性变,最终明确诊断为KOA,给予控制疼痛和抗炎治疗后恢复良好。1例初诊时表现为突发左膝关节肿胀疼痛,通过X线检查后,初步诊断为半月板损伤,误诊时间9 d;接受口服非甾体类抗炎药治疗后症状未改善,磁共振成像示关节软骨退行性变和骨赘形成,随后明确诊断为KOA,接受物理治疗和关节镜手术后,症状显著改善。1例因右膝关节红肿热痛就诊,有痛风病史,初步诊断为痛风,误诊时间10 d;接受相关治疗病情未见好转,进一步超声检查示关节内无尿酸盐结晶,但关节软骨退行性变明显,最终明确诊断为KOA,改用物理治疗和关节保护措施,症状逐渐缓解。结论KOA由于症状与其他关节疾病相似,易导致误诊,通过提高医生警觉性、完善诊断流程,能够显著减少误诊,提高诊断准确性和治疗效果,改善患者预后。