Articular cartilage(AC)is an avascular and flexible connective tissue located on the bone surface in the diarthrodial joints.AC defects are common in the knees of young and physically active individuals.Because of the...Articular cartilage(AC)is an avascular and flexible connective tissue located on the bone surface in the diarthrodial joints.AC defects are common in the knees of young and physically active individuals.Because of the lack of suitable tissue-engineered artificial matrices,current therapies for AC defects,espe-cially full-thickness AC defects and osteochondral interfaces,fail to replace or regenerate damaged carti-lage adequately.With rapid research and development advancements in AC tissue engineering(ACTE),functionalized hydrogels have emerged as promising cartilage matrix substitutes because of their favor-able biomechanical properties,water content,swelling ability,cytocompatibility,biodegradability,and lubricating behaviors.They can be rationally designed and conveniently tuned to simulate the extracel-lular matrix of cartilage.This article briefly introduces the composition,structure,and function of AC and its defects,followed by a comprehensive review of the exquisite(bio)design and(bio)fabrication of func-tionalized hydrogels for AC repair.Finally,we summarize the challenges encountered in functionalized hydrogel-based strategies for ACTE both in vivo and in vitro and the future directions for clinical translation.展开更多
Summary: The feasibility of using gene therapy to treat full-thickness articular cartilage defects was investigated with respect to the transfection and expression of exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 g...Summary: The feasibility of using gene therapy to treat full-thickness articular cartilage defects was investigated with respect to the transfection and expression of exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 genes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The full-length rat TGF-β 1 cDNA was transfected to MSCs mediated by lipofectamine and then selected with G418, a synthetic neomycin analog. The transient and stable expression of TGF-β 1 by MSCs was detected by using immunohistochemical staining. The lipofectamine-mediated gene therapy efficiently transfected MSCs in vitro with the TGF-β 1 gene causing a marked up-regulation in TGF-β 1 expression as compared with the vector-transfected control groups, and the increased expression persisted for at least 4 weeks after selected with G418. It was suggested that bone marrow-derived MSCs were susceptible to in vitro lipofectamine mediated TGF-β 1 gene transfer and that transgene expression persisted for at least 4 weeks. Having successfully combined the existing techniques of tissue engineering with the novel possibilities offered by modern gene transfer technology, an innovative concept, i.e. molecular tissue engineering, are put forward for the first time. As a new branch of tissue engineering, it represents both a new area and an important trend in research. Using this technique, we have a new powerful tool with which: (1) to modify the functional biology of articular tissue repair along defined pathways of growth and differentiation and (2) to affect a better repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects that occur as a result of injury and osteoarthritis.展开更多
Repair and regeneration of articular cartilage has always been a major challenge in the medical field due to its peculiar structure(e.g.sparsely distributed chondrocytes,no blood supply).Cartilage tissue engineering i...Repair and regeneration of articular cartilage has always been a major challenge in the medical field due to its peculiar structure(e.g.sparsely distributed chondrocytes,no blood supply).Cartilage tissue engineering is one promising strategy for cartilage repair,however,one critical issue for cartilage tissue engineering is the integration between tissue-engineered and native cartilage.In recent years,osteochondral tissue engineering has attracted growing interest for overcoming this problem.Herein,we review the development of osteochondral tissue engineering.Firstly,currently used seed cells in osteochondral tissue engineering will be described.Secondly,several types of scaffolds and their(dis)advantage for osteochondral tissue engineering will be introduced.Thirdly,the growth factors currently used in osteochondral tissue engineering will be presented and discussed.展开更多
The effect of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF β 1 ) gene transfection on the proliferation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC S ) and the mechanism was investigated to provide basi...The effect of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF β 1 ) gene transfection on the proliferation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC S ) and the mechanism was investigated to provide basis for accelerating articular cartilage repairing using molecular tissue engineering technology. TGF β 1 gene at different doses was transduced into the rat bone marrow derived MSCs to examine the effects of TGF β 1 gene transfection on MSCs DNA synthesis, cell cycle kinetics and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The results showed that 3 μl lipofectamine mediated 1 μg TGF β 1 gene transfection could effectively promote the proliferation of MSCs best; Under this condition (DNA/Lipofectamine=1μg/3μl), flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significant increase in the 3 H incorporation, DNA content in S phase and the expression of PCNA. Transfection of gene encoding TGF β 1 could induce the cells at G0/G1 phase to S1 phase, modulate the replication of DNA through the enhancement of the PCNA expression, increase the content of DNA at S1 phase and promote the proliferation of MSCs. This new molecular tissue engineering approach could be of potential benefit to enhance the repair of damaged articular cartilage, especially those caused by degenerative joint diseases.展开更多
Cartilage defects are one of the most common symptoms of osteoarthritis(OA),a degenerative disease that affects millions of people world-wide and places a significant socio-economic burden on society.Hydrogels,which a...Cartilage defects are one of the most common symptoms of osteoarthritis(OA),a degenerative disease that affects millions of people world-wide and places a significant socio-economic burden on society.Hydrogels,which are a class of biomaterials that are elastic,and display smooth surfaces while exhibiting high water content,are promising candidates for cartilage regeneration.In recent years,various kinds of hydrogels have been developed and applied for the repair of cartilage defects in vitro or in vivo,some of which are hopeful to enter clinical trials.In this review,recent research findings and developments of hydrogels for cartilage defects repair are summarized.We discuss the principle of cartilage regeneration,and outline the requirements that have to be fulfilled for the deployment of hydrogels for medical applications.We also highlight the development of advanced hydrogels with tailored properties for different kinds of cartilage defects to meet the requirements of cartilage tissue engineering and precision medicine.展开更多
Articular cartilage defects are considered to be associated with the development of osteoarthritis.Research on relevant tissue regeneration is important in the treatment of osteoarthritis.The scaffolds applied incart...Articular cartilage defects are considered to be associated with the development of osteoarthritis.Research on relevant tissue regeneration is important in the treatment of osteoarthritis.The scaffolds applied incartilage regeneration should have good histocompatibility and mechanical properties,as well as no cytotoxicity,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of seed cells.Different combinations of peptide sequences inpolypeptide hydrogels endow them with unique characteristics including excellent biodegradability and accuratesimulation of the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes to maintain the stability of the chondrogenic phenotypeand facilitate articular hyaline cartilage regeneration.Thus,the application of polypeptide hydrogels for cartilage regeneration has a bright future.In this study,the research progress of polypeptide hydrogels used incartilage-regeneration engineering is systematically reviewed.The characteristics,limitations,and prospects ofthese materials are evaluated.展开更多
背景:由于关节软骨的自我修复能力非常有限,自然退变或创伤等引起的关节软骨缺损往往无法自行修复,进而引发或加重骨关节炎,甚至导致严重残疾,因此关节软骨损伤的修复治疗已成为临床上亟待解决的问题。目的:运用文献计量学方法分析归纳...背景:由于关节软骨的自我修复能力非常有限,自然退变或创伤等引起的关节软骨缺损往往无法自行修复,进而引发或加重骨关节炎,甚至导致严重残疾,因此关节软骨损伤的修复治疗已成为临床上亟待解决的问题。目的:运用文献计量学方法分析归纳关节软骨修复领域的研究热点及发展趋势。方法:从Web of Science核心合集中检索2000-2023年关节软骨修复的相关文献,运用VOSviewer、Citespeace和Bibliometrix R-package进行文献计量与可视化分析。结果与结论:关节软骨修复领域年度发文量总体呈现上升趋势,美国、中国、德国是发文量前三的国家,研究机构集中于大学和医院,哈佛大学、纽约特种外科医院、上海交通大学是发文量前三的机构。《AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE》是出版该领域研究文献最多的期刊,《BIOMATERIALS》则是该领域被引次数最多的期刊。“Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering”是近10年间发表的被引次数最多的文献,发文量最多的作者是Madry Henning,该领域的活跃作者相互之间形成了多个结构稳定的研究团队,不同团队间的合作有待进一步加强。关节内注射、胫骨高位截骨、水凝胶、药物递送、炎症、软骨再生及支架是当前该领域研究的热点内容,3D打印技术、生物墨水、蚕丝蛋白、可注射水凝胶、外泌体等在关节软骨修复中的应用可能是该领域研究前沿。整合各种创新技术和方法以实现更有效、持久且功能性的关节软骨再生和修复,并通过开展更多高质量的临床研究以促进相关技术和方法的临床转化可能是该领域未来的研究趋势。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the AO Foundation (AOOCD Consortium TA1711481)Areas of Excellence Scheme from the University Grant Council of Hong Kong (Ao E/M-402/20)+1 种基金Theme-based Research Scheme from the University Grant Council of Hong Kong (T13-402/17-N)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2019B010941001)
文摘Articular cartilage(AC)is an avascular and flexible connective tissue located on the bone surface in the diarthrodial joints.AC defects are common in the knees of young and physically active individuals.Because of the lack of suitable tissue-engineered artificial matrices,current therapies for AC defects,espe-cially full-thickness AC defects and osteochondral interfaces,fail to replace or regenerate damaged carti-lage adequately.With rapid research and development advancements in AC tissue engineering(ACTE),functionalized hydrogels have emerged as promising cartilage matrix substitutes because of their favor-able biomechanical properties,water content,swelling ability,cytocompatibility,biodegradability,and lubricating behaviors.They can be rationally designed and conveniently tuned to simulate the extracel-lular matrix of cartilage.This article briefly introduces the composition,structure,and function of AC and its defects,followed by a comprehensive review of the exquisite(bio)design and(bio)fabrication of func-tionalized hydrogels for AC repair.Finally,we summarize the challenges encountered in functionalized hydrogel-based strategies for ACTE both in vivo and in vitro and the future directions for clinical translation.
文摘Summary: The feasibility of using gene therapy to treat full-thickness articular cartilage defects was investigated with respect to the transfection and expression of exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 genes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The full-length rat TGF-β 1 cDNA was transfected to MSCs mediated by lipofectamine and then selected with G418, a synthetic neomycin analog. The transient and stable expression of TGF-β 1 by MSCs was detected by using immunohistochemical staining. The lipofectamine-mediated gene therapy efficiently transfected MSCs in vitro with the TGF-β 1 gene causing a marked up-regulation in TGF-β 1 expression as compared with the vector-transfected control groups, and the increased expression persisted for at least 4 weeks after selected with G418. It was suggested that bone marrow-derived MSCs were susceptible to in vitro lipofectamine mediated TGF-β 1 gene transfer and that transgene expression persisted for at least 4 weeks. Having successfully combined the existing techniques of tissue engineering with the novel possibilities offered by modern gene transfer technology, an innovative concept, i.e. molecular tissue engineering, are put forward for the first time. As a new branch of tissue engineering, it represents both a new area and an important trend in research. Using this technique, we have a new powerful tool with which: (1) to modify the functional biology of articular tissue repair along defined pathways of growth and differentiation and (2) to affect a better repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects that occur as a result of injury and osteoarthritis.
文摘Repair and regeneration of articular cartilage has always been a major challenge in the medical field due to its peculiar structure(e.g.sparsely distributed chondrocytes,no blood supply).Cartilage tissue engineering is one promising strategy for cartilage repair,however,one critical issue for cartilage tissue engineering is the integration between tissue-engineered and native cartilage.In recent years,osteochondral tissue engineering has attracted growing interest for overcoming this problem.Herein,we review the development of osteochondral tissue engineering.Firstly,currently used seed cells in osteochondral tissue engineering will be described.Secondly,several types of scaffolds and their(dis)advantage for osteochondral tissue engineering will be introduced.Thirdly,the growth factors currently used in osteochondral tissue engineering will be presented and discussed.
基金This project was supported by a grant from NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (No. 30 170 2 70 )
文摘The effect of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF β 1 ) gene transfection on the proliferation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC S ) and the mechanism was investigated to provide basis for accelerating articular cartilage repairing using molecular tissue engineering technology. TGF β 1 gene at different doses was transduced into the rat bone marrow derived MSCs to examine the effects of TGF β 1 gene transfection on MSCs DNA synthesis, cell cycle kinetics and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The results showed that 3 μl lipofectamine mediated 1 μg TGF β 1 gene transfection could effectively promote the proliferation of MSCs best; Under this condition (DNA/Lipofectamine=1μg/3μl), flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significant increase in the 3 H incorporation, DNA content in S phase and the expression of PCNA. Transfection of gene encoding TGF β 1 could induce the cells at G0/G1 phase to S1 phase, modulate the replication of DNA through the enhancement of the PCNA expression, increase the content of DNA at S1 phase and promote the proliferation of MSCs. This new molecular tissue engineering approach could be of potential benefit to enhance the repair of damaged articular cartilage, especially those caused by degenerative joint diseases.
基金National key R&D program of China(2017YFA0104900)NSFC grants(31830029,81630065,81902187)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ19E030019,LY19C070003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M652112,2018M642442,2019M662084).
文摘Cartilage defects are one of the most common symptoms of osteoarthritis(OA),a degenerative disease that affects millions of people world-wide and places a significant socio-economic burden on society.Hydrogels,which are a class of biomaterials that are elastic,and display smooth surfaces while exhibiting high water content,are promising candidates for cartilage regeneration.In recent years,various kinds of hydrogels have been developed and applied for the repair of cartilage defects in vitro or in vivo,some of which are hopeful to enter clinical trials.In this review,recent research findings and developments of hydrogels for cartilage defects repair are summarized.We discuss the principle of cartilage regeneration,and outline the requirements that have to be fulfilled for the deployment of hydrogels for medical applications.We also highlight the development of advanced hydrogels with tailored properties for different kinds of cartilage defects to meet the requirements of cartilage tissue engineering and precision medicine.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071160,81870806,81800935 and 81974152)the Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.ZH2018ZDB09)+3 种基金the“Double Hundred”Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.20191832)the Project of the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai(No.SSMU-ZDCX20180900)the Advanced Research Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital(No.ynlc201810)the Project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18DZ2260200)。
文摘Articular cartilage defects are considered to be associated with the development of osteoarthritis.Research on relevant tissue regeneration is important in the treatment of osteoarthritis.The scaffolds applied incartilage regeneration should have good histocompatibility and mechanical properties,as well as no cytotoxicity,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of seed cells.Different combinations of peptide sequences inpolypeptide hydrogels endow them with unique characteristics including excellent biodegradability and accuratesimulation of the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes to maintain the stability of the chondrogenic phenotypeand facilitate articular hyaline cartilage regeneration.Thus,the application of polypeptide hydrogels for cartilage regeneration has a bright future.In this study,the research progress of polypeptide hydrogels used incartilage-regeneration engineering is systematically reviewed.The characteristics,limitations,and prospects ofthese materials are evaluated.
文摘背景:由于关节软骨的自我修复能力非常有限,自然退变或创伤等引起的关节软骨缺损往往无法自行修复,进而引发或加重骨关节炎,甚至导致严重残疾,因此关节软骨损伤的修复治疗已成为临床上亟待解决的问题。目的:运用文献计量学方法分析归纳关节软骨修复领域的研究热点及发展趋势。方法:从Web of Science核心合集中检索2000-2023年关节软骨修复的相关文献,运用VOSviewer、Citespeace和Bibliometrix R-package进行文献计量与可视化分析。结果与结论:关节软骨修复领域年度发文量总体呈现上升趋势,美国、中国、德国是发文量前三的国家,研究机构集中于大学和医院,哈佛大学、纽约特种外科医院、上海交通大学是发文量前三的机构。《AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE》是出版该领域研究文献最多的期刊,《BIOMATERIALS》则是该领域被引次数最多的期刊。“Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering”是近10年间发表的被引次数最多的文献,发文量最多的作者是Madry Henning,该领域的活跃作者相互之间形成了多个结构稳定的研究团队,不同团队间的合作有待进一步加强。关节内注射、胫骨高位截骨、水凝胶、药物递送、炎症、软骨再生及支架是当前该领域研究的热点内容,3D打印技术、生物墨水、蚕丝蛋白、可注射水凝胶、外泌体等在关节软骨修复中的应用可能是该领域研究前沿。整合各种创新技术和方法以实现更有效、持久且功能性的关节软骨再生和修复,并通过开展更多高质量的临床研究以促进相关技术和方法的临床转化可能是该领域未来的研究趋势。