This review aims to present the developments occurring in the field of artificial organs and particularly focuses on the presentation of developments in artificial kidneys.The challenges for biomedical engineering inv...This review aims to present the developments occurring in the field of artificial organs and particularly focuses on the presentation of developments in artificial kidneys.The challenges for biomedical engineering involved in overcoming the potential difficulties are showcased,as well as the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in this marriage of medicine and technology.In this review,modern artificial kidneys and the research efforts trying to provide and promise artificial kidneys are presented.But what are the problems faced by each technology and to what extent is the effort enough to date?展开更多
The implantable artificial hair was prepared by grafting collagen on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)to improve its biocompatibility.Acrylic acid(AAc)was used to modify the surface properties of PET fi...The implantable artificial hair was prepared by grafting collagen on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)to improve its biocompatibility.Acrylic acid(AAc)was used to modify the surface properties of PET firstly,and then collagen was grafted on the PET-AAc surface.The concentration of collagen solution was discussed to graft more collagen on PET surface.Composites were well characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).SEM indicated that collagen with about 3.07μm thickness was coated on PET surface when the concentration of collagen solution was 1.0 mg/m L.FTIR and XPS showed AAc and collagen were both on the surface of PET monofilaments.The optimized concentration of collagen solution was 1.0 mg/m L,resulting in the most grafting density of 3.46μg/cm^(2).It can be concluded that a large amount of collagen is coated on PET surface.展开更多
In this work, austenitic stainless steel screws employed in a locking compression plate for veterinarian use were investigated. These types of implants are widely utilized in bone fractures healing. Two surgical screw...In this work, austenitic stainless steel screws employed in a locking compression plate for veterinarian use were investigated. These types of implants are widely utilized in bone fractures healing. Two surgical screws were extracted due to the observation of slight superficial red rust colorizing on one of the screw implants, visual evidence of probable screw rusting. From the same implant, another screw was extracted simultaneously without visual evidence of rusting. In order to characterize and analyze the different behavior of both screws, the chemical composition was characterized by atomic absorption and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, the screws were studied by metallography, optical microscopy (OM), Vickers microhardness tests, and SEM analysis. On the other hand, a prospection for alloy chemical composition limits of these types of implants was performed based on the Schaeffler-Delong diagram and the ASTM F-138 standard. To analyze the effect of the chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure, pitting resistance equivalent number (PRE) and stacking fault energy (SFE), a genetic algorithm (GA) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were used. In accordance with the elemental analysis, the surgical screws do not fulfill the ranges of the chemical composition established by the ASTM F-138 standard. Furthermore, there were found differences between the microstructures of the screws. In regard to the prospection, the results of GA and ANN support the proposed chemical composition region on the Schaeffler-Delong diagram. The corrosion failure was associated with severe plastic deformation and the presence of precipitates. The proposal can minimize the cause of failures in these types of austenitic stainless steel implants.展开更多
Purpose: To analyze and summarize the application of a turning implantation method in artificial orbital implantation. Methods:Artificial orbital implants were implanted into 46 patients who were willing to accept art...Purpose: To analyze and summarize the application of a turning implantation method in artificial orbital implantation. Methods:Artificial orbital implants were implanted into 46 patients who were willing to accept artificial orbital implantation with a turning implantation method. Results:After the implantation, 46 cases (46 eyes) with HA orbital implants were healed with plump orbits. No ptosis appearance, deformity, or rejection was observed. The implants were qualified in appearance and flexibility. Two cases presented with chemosis and eye grinding pain during the early postoperative period,but these patients recovered after effective treatment.After 6-24 months of follow-up,no patient had artificial implant exposure or abnormal orbital stimulation. Conclusion: The turning implantation method provides a good artificial orbital implantation.展开更多
The lithium-ion batteries are recognized as the most promising energy storage system,but it still does not meet the power requirements of electric vehicle batteries owing to low volumetric energy density with the trad...The lithium-ion batteries are recognized as the most promising energy storage system,but it still does not meet the power requirements of electric vehicle batteries owing to low volumetric energy density with the traditional graphite electrode system.In this study,we report the development of a novel electrode system fabricated by implantation of a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer on the graphite surface.The SEI-implanted graphite electrode is made using a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)-based electrolyte and cycled with a lithium tetrafluoroborate LiBF4-based electrolyte.This new electrode system shows significantly enhanced electrochemical properties owing to the rapid and efficient diffusion of Li ions through the SEI layer between the electrolyte and electrode.This graphite electrode with its pre-formed SEI layer achieves a reversible capacity of 357 mAh g^-1 at 0.5 C after 50 cycles,which is significantly higher than that of commercial lithium-ion battery systems constructed with LiPF6(312mAh g^-1).The resulting unique electrode system could present a new avenue in SEI research for highperformance lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Objective To observe the results of the metasta sis of spinal vertebra treated by rep lacedment with the adjustable hollo w artificial vertebral body.Method An adjustable hollow artificial vertebral body made from med...Objective To observe the results of the metasta sis of spinal vertebra treated by rep lacedment with the adjustable hollo w artificial vertebral body.Method An adjustable hollow artificial vertebral body made from medial used titanium.12pat ients with the metastasis of vertebral body were treated by this technique.The relief of the pain of function of s pinal cord were moinitored.The stability of the operated segments was observed.Results The patients were followed up from 6t o 34months.The neurological functi ons were improved markedly,esp.for the pain re-lieving.The implants were stalbe and the reconstruction of the segment h ighness was observed on the X-ray fil ms.Conclusion The height of anterior column and the stability of the operated segments can be reconstructed by implanting the adjustable hollow artificial vertebral body.T his technique may be an alternative meth od for the management of the metastasis in spinal vertebral body.展开更多
文摘This review aims to present the developments occurring in the field of artificial organs and particularly focuses on the presentation of developments in artificial kidneys.The challenges for biomedical engineering involved in overcoming the potential difficulties are showcased,as well as the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in this marriage of medicine and technology.In this review,modern artificial kidneys and the research efforts trying to provide and promise artificial kidneys are presented.But what are the problems faced by each technology and to what extent is the effort enough to date?
基金Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Plan Projects,China(No.KYTG02170206/016)Open Project of Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment,China(No.KYTG02170205)
文摘The implantable artificial hair was prepared by grafting collagen on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)to improve its biocompatibility.Acrylic acid(AAc)was used to modify the surface properties of PET firstly,and then collagen was grafted on the PET-AAc surface.The concentration of collagen solution was discussed to graft more collagen on PET surface.Composites were well characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).SEM indicated that collagen with about 3.07μm thickness was coated on PET surface when the concentration of collagen solution was 1.0 mg/m L.FTIR and XPS showed AAc and collagen were both on the surface of PET monofilaments.The optimized concentration of collagen solution was 1.0 mg/m L,resulting in the most grafting density of 3.46μg/cm^(2).It can be concluded that a large amount of collagen is coated on PET surface.
文摘In this work, austenitic stainless steel screws employed in a locking compression plate for veterinarian use were investigated. These types of implants are widely utilized in bone fractures healing. Two surgical screws were extracted due to the observation of slight superficial red rust colorizing on one of the screw implants, visual evidence of probable screw rusting. From the same implant, another screw was extracted simultaneously without visual evidence of rusting. In order to characterize and analyze the different behavior of both screws, the chemical composition was characterized by atomic absorption and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, the screws were studied by metallography, optical microscopy (OM), Vickers microhardness tests, and SEM analysis. On the other hand, a prospection for alloy chemical composition limits of these types of implants was performed based on the Schaeffler-Delong diagram and the ASTM F-138 standard. To analyze the effect of the chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure, pitting resistance equivalent number (PRE) and stacking fault energy (SFE), a genetic algorithm (GA) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were used. In accordance with the elemental analysis, the surgical screws do not fulfill the ranges of the chemical composition established by the ASTM F-138 standard. Furthermore, there were found differences between the microstructures of the screws. In regard to the prospection, the results of GA and ANN support the proposed chemical composition region on the Schaeffler-Delong diagram. The corrosion failure was associated with severe plastic deformation and the presence of precipitates. The proposal can minimize the cause of failures in these types of austenitic stainless steel implants.
文摘Purpose: To analyze and summarize the application of a turning implantation method in artificial orbital implantation. Methods:Artificial orbital implants were implanted into 46 patients who were willing to accept artificial orbital implantation with a turning implantation method. Results:After the implantation, 46 cases (46 eyes) with HA orbital implants were healed with plump orbits. No ptosis appearance, deformity, or rejection was observed. The implants were qualified in appearance and flexibility. Two cases presented with chemosis and eye grinding pain during the early postoperative period,but these patients recovered after effective treatment.After 6-24 months of follow-up,no patient had artificial implant exposure or abnormal orbital stimulation. Conclusion: The turning implantation method provides a good artificial orbital implantation.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(NRF-2019R1A2C2088174)。
文摘The lithium-ion batteries are recognized as the most promising energy storage system,but it still does not meet the power requirements of electric vehicle batteries owing to low volumetric energy density with the traditional graphite electrode system.In this study,we report the development of a novel electrode system fabricated by implantation of a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer on the graphite surface.The SEI-implanted graphite electrode is made using a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)-based electrolyte and cycled with a lithium tetrafluoroborate LiBF4-based electrolyte.This new electrode system shows significantly enhanced electrochemical properties owing to the rapid and efficient diffusion of Li ions through the SEI layer between the electrolyte and electrode.This graphite electrode with its pre-formed SEI layer achieves a reversible capacity of 357 mAh g^-1 at 0.5 C after 50 cycles,which is significantly higher than that of commercial lithium-ion battery systems constructed with LiPF6(312mAh g^-1).The resulting unique electrode system could present a new avenue in SEI research for highperformance lithium-ion batteries.
文摘Objective To observe the results of the metasta sis of spinal vertebra treated by rep lacedment with the adjustable hollo w artificial vertebral body.Method An adjustable hollow artificial vertebral body made from medial used titanium.12pat ients with the metastasis of vertebral body were treated by this technique.The relief of the pain of function of s pinal cord were moinitored.The stability of the operated segments was observed.Results The patients were followed up from 6t o 34months.The neurological functi ons were improved markedly,esp.for the pain re-lieving.The implants were stalbe and the reconstruction of the segment h ighness was observed on the X-ray fil ms.Conclusion The height of anterior column and the stability of the operated segments can be reconstructed by implanting the adjustable hollow artificial vertebral body.T his technique may be an alternative meth od for the management of the metastasis in spinal vertebral body.
