Long-term monitoring of artificial vagina reconstructed with sigmoid colon

Objective To observe the influence of the artificial plastic vagina on overall patient health Methods Length and width of the artificial vagina were measured Histological studies were performed under light and electron microscope Vaginal bacterial flora were analyzed using the drop implant method Vaginal HPV and ER were detected with ABC histochemical staining Results According to the results of anatomic measurements, artificial vagina was similar to normal vagina The reductions of glands in the mucosa and collagen fibers as well as interstitial tissue hyperplasia in the lower segment of artificial vagina were documented Four kinds of bacteria indigenous to the sigmoid colon were found in artificial vagina and were studied microbiologically with only differences in the amount and detection rates of bacteria flora The positive presentation of HPV was not significantly different from that in the control group The positive presentation of estrogen receptor (ER) in the epithelium of artificial vagina was not found Conclusion The reconstruction of artificial vagina with sigmoid colon is a safe, effective and satisfactory procedure for the patient

Semen collection methods and cooling rates affect post-thaw sperm motility and kinematic parameters of Saanen goat

Objective:To evaluate the effects of semen collection methods and different cooling rates on cooled and frozen-thawed Saanen goat semen.Methods:Twenty bucks were divided into two groups of 10 animals per group based on semen collection methods:artificial vagina and electro-ejaculator.Samples from each collection method were pooled and diluted with Tris-based extender.The pooled semen was divided into two cooling methods:slow cooling and fast cooling.Sperm motility and velocity,sperm plasma membrane integrity,sperm viability,mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA integrity were evaluated before dilution,immediately after cooling at 4℃and at 24 h after freezing by using computer assisted sperm analyser method and epifluorescence microscope.Results:Mean values for total motility,rapid-speed and progressive motile spermatozoa were significantly higher in semen collected with artificial vagina than electro-ejaculator(P<0.001).Slow cooling resulted in higher percentages of total motile,rapid-speed and progressive motile spermatozoa as compared to fast cooling(P<0.05).The post-thaw percentage of rapid-speed spermatozoa collected by artificial vagina in slow cooled sperm was significantly higher as compared to electro-ejaculator method(P<0.05).The mean values of curvilinear velocity and straight-line velocity were significantly higher in slow cooled semen obtained by artificial vagina(P<0.001).Similarly,the combination of artificial vagina and slow cooling resulted in significantly higher post-thaw percentages of straight-line velocity,average-path velocity,sperm plasma membrane integrity,viability and acrosome integrity(P<0.01).No significant differences were observed in slow cooling between artificial vagina and electro-ejaculator in terms of post-thaw sperm mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA integrity(P>0.05).Conclusions:The use of artificial vagina and slow cooling rate in cryopreservation protocol improves the cooled and post-thaw sperm quality of Saanen buck semen.