In order to get a thorough understanding of non-point source pollution,it is essential to examine its temporal and spatial distribution. A physically-based distributed model,Soil and Water Assessment Tool( SWAT),was u...In order to get a thorough understanding of non-point source pollution,it is essential to examine its temporal and spatial distribution. A physically-based distributed model,Soil and Water Assessment Tool( SWAT),was used in this research,to quantitatively estimate the NPS load and analyze the temporal and spatial distributions of NPS pollution in Ashi River Basin. The results indicated that SWAT was suitable to simulate stream-flow and water quality in Ashi River Basin. Total Nitrogen which was contributed by NPS( NPS-TN) accounted for 32. 47%-62. 61%,and Total Phosphorus which was contributed by NPS( NPS-TP)accounted for 22. 30%- 57. 85% of the total load respectively. In inter-annual timescale,both NPS-TN and NPS-TP were influenced by stream-flow and fertilizer. However,when compared with fertilizer,NPS pollution was more directly affected by stream-flow. In annual timescale,NPS-TN and NPS-TP mainly occurred in flood season( from May to September). In the aspect of space,spatial differences of NPS-TN and NPS-TP were extremely significant. The spatial variations of NPS pollution were mainly influenced by land use,precipitation,soil and slope.展开更多
Landuse is one of the most influential factors of non-point source pollution. Based on the three-year landuse data( 2000,2005 and 2008),Arc GIS and Fragstat were used to analyze the landuse type and the change of land...Landuse is one of the most influential factors of non-point source pollution. Based on the three-year landuse data( 2000,2005 and 2008),Arc GIS and Fragstat were used to analyze the landuse type and the change of landscape pattern. The relationships between landuse and non-point source-total nitrogen( NPS-TN) and nonpoint source-total phosphorus( NPS-TP) were discussed with the methods of spatially statistical analysis,landscape pattern analysis and principal component analysis. The study results conveyed that agricultural land and forestland,which accounted for over 92% of the study area,were the major landuse type of Ashi River Basin.Meanwhile,the NPS pollution had close connections with landuse type and landscape pattern. When it comes to landuse type,the export risks of NPS-TN and NPS-TP were agricultural land > urban land > grassland > forestland. As for landscape pattern,NPS-TN and NPS-TP were positively related to SHDI and SHEI, while negatively connected with LPI,AI and COHESION. Therefore,the study could reach the conclusion that the more fragmented and complicated the landscape patterns were,the more serious the NPS pollution was.展开更多
Nonpoint source(NPS)pollutants resulting from land degradation(LD)have been a key influential factor on the deterioration of water quality.Consequently,sustainable land use management(SLM)practices have been employed ...Nonpoint source(NPS)pollutants resulting from land degradation(LD)have been a key influential factor on the deterioration of water quality.Consequently,sustainable land use management(SLM)practices have been employed to reduce the impacts of LD globally.However,the adoption of SLM practices is often not effective to protect water resources despite its capability of improving water quality.Empirically,evidence shows that activities of land users directly influence SLM practices and NPS pollution of water resources in watersheds,but invariably this has not been clearly understood.Understanding how SLM practices adoption could prevent NPS pollution of water resources in watershed is a necessity.Therefore,the primary aim of the investigation is to comprehend the status of SLM practices with the legal framework supporting the adoption of such practices in the Ashi River watershed.A survey instrument involving structured questionnaire was implemented to collect data.A randomly based lottery method was applied to sample information from 150 land users in two control units’communities.Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data.This research revealed that there is low adoption of SLM practices of the study site.The low adoption is due to weak capacity building and enforcement of regulations in the watershed.Occupation and age of the residents are the strongest predictors of SLM adoption rate.Residents connected with farming are more sensitive to the adoption status of SLM.It is our recommendation that policy makers should ensure capacity building,and enforcement of regulations can specifically compel farmers to adopt SLM technologies.This approach would complement other strategies to solve the NPS pollution issue of Ashi River.展开更多
Identifying seasonal shift in phytoplankton community is essential for understanding the significance of eutrophication and finding biological indicators of ecological health of a lotic system.Phytoplankton communitie...Identifying seasonal shift in phytoplankton community is essential for understanding the significance of eutrophication and finding biological indicators of ecological health of a lotic system.Phytoplankton communities,as well as the seasonal changes in the Ashi River Basin(ASRB)of Heilongjiang Province were investigated from April 2018 to January 2019.A survey in April(spring),July(summer),October(autumn),and January(winter)at 16 sampling sites was conducted.The composition,abundance,and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton were studied and 127 taxa of phytoplankton were identified.Among them,Bacillariophyta dominated the phytoplankton communities in the whole year.There were significant spatio-temporal changes in the structures of the phytoplankton communities during the study period.Trophic state index(TSI)show that the nutritional status of the ASRB was at mesotrophic-middle eutrophic levels.Redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed that total nitrogen(TN),water temperature(WT),oxidation reduction potential(ORP),pH,and dissolved oxygen(DO)were the critical factors in the dynamic phytoplankton community structure.The multivariate regression tree(MRT)analysis showed that Chlamydomonas microsphaerella Pascher et Jahoda,Melosira granulata(Ehrenberg)Ralfs,Merismopedia tenuissima Lemmermann,and Asterionella formosa Hassall were valuable indicators in the determination of water quality in ASRB.Our findings provide a scientific basis for water quality protection and management at basin scale.展开更多
为探索黑龙江省阿什河流域底栖硅藻群落特征及环境相关性,并对阿什河流域进行水环境健康评价,本研究于2018年7月(丰水期)和2018年10月(枯水期)对阿什河流域8个典型采样点进行调查。基于相似性分析检验(analysisofsimilarities,ANOSIM)...为探索黑龙江省阿什河流域底栖硅藻群落特征及环境相关性,并对阿什河流域进行水环境健康评价,本研究于2018年7月(丰水期)和2018年10月(枯水期)对阿什河流域8个典型采样点进行调查。基于相似性分析检验(analysisofsimilarities,ANOSIM)和相似百分比分析(similarity percentages,SIMPER)分析探索枯水期与丰水期之间底栖硅藻的群落差异,通过冗余分析(redundancyanalysis,RDA)对驱动底栖硅藻的关键环境因子进行筛选;使用硅藻生物指数(biological diatom index,IBD)、硅藻属指数(generic index of diatom,GI)和水体营养指数(trophic state index,TSI)对研究区域水体营养状态进行初步评价。结果表明,研究期间共鉴定底栖硅藻89种,其中丰水期80种、枯水期57种。独立样本T检验(T-test)表明阿什河流域物种丰富度丰水期显著高于枯水期(P<0.05),Shannon-wiener指数变化不显著(P>0.05)。ANOSIM结合SIMPER分析结果显示阿什河流域硅藻群落格局存在一定的时空异质性。RDA分析表明水的电导率是驱动阿什河流域底栖硅藻空间分布的环境因子,枯水期与丰水期之间高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)含量的变化是影响硅藻群落演替的因素之一。IBD、GI和TSI指数结果显示阿什河流域受人为活动干扰区域营养状态较差,IBD指数较GI指数能更有效的反映阿什河流域水体营养状况。展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51179041)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(Grant No.2013ZX07201007)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.E201206)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Harbin(Grant No.2012RFLXS026)the State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(Grant No.2014TS05)
文摘In order to get a thorough understanding of non-point source pollution,it is essential to examine its temporal and spatial distribution. A physically-based distributed model,Soil and Water Assessment Tool( SWAT),was used in this research,to quantitatively estimate the NPS load and analyze the temporal and spatial distributions of NPS pollution in Ashi River Basin. The results indicated that SWAT was suitable to simulate stream-flow and water quality in Ashi River Basin. Total Nitrogen which was contributed by NPS( NPS-TN) accounted for 32. 47%-62. 61%,and Total Phosphorus which was contributed by NPS( NPS-TP)accounted for 22. 30%- 57. 85% of the total load respectively. In inter-annual timescale,both NPS-TN and NPS-TP were influenced by stream-flow and fertilizer. However,when compared with fertilizer,NPS pollution was more directly affected by stream-flow. In annual timescale,NPS-TN and NPS-TP mainly occurred in flood season( from May to September). In the aspect of space,spatial differences of NPS-TN and NPS-TP were extremely significant. The spatial variations of NPS pollution were mainly influenced by land use,precipitation,soil and slope.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51179041)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment,China(No.2013ZX07201007)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.E201206)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Harbin,China(No.2012RFLXS026)the State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology),China(No.2014TS05)
文摘Landuse is one of the most influential factors of non-point source pollution. Based on the three-year landuse data( 2000,2005 and 2008),Arc GIS and Fragstat were used to analyze the landuse type and the change of landscape pattern. The relationships between landuse and non-point source-total nitrogen( NPS-TN) and nonpoint source-total phosphorus( NPS-TP) were discussed with the methods of spatially statistical analysis,landscape pattern analysis and principal component analysis. The study results conveyed that agricultural land and forestland,which accounted for over 92% of the study area,were the major landuse type of Ashi River Basin.Meanwhile,the NPS pollution had close connections with landuse type and landscape pattern. When it comes to landuse type,the export risks of NPS-TN and NPS-TP were agricultural land > urban land > grassland > forestland. As for landscape pattern,NPS-TN and NPS-TP were positively related to SHDI and SHEI, while negatively connected with LPI,AI and COHESION. Therefore,the study could reach the conclusion that the more fragmented and complicated the landscape patterns were,the more serious the NPS pollution was.
基金the Heilongjiang Province Applied Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No.GA20C014).
文摘Nonpoint source(NPS)pollutants resulting from land degradation(LD)have been a key influential factor on the deterioration of water quality.Consequently,sustainable land use management(SLM)practices have been employed to reduce the impacts of LD globally.However,the adoption of SLM practices is often not effective to protect water resources despite its capability of improving water quality.Empirically,evidence shows that activities of land users directly influence SLM practices and NPS pollution of water resources in watersheds,but invariably this has not been clearly understood.Understanding how SLM practices adoption could prevent NPS pollution of water resources in watershed is a necessity.Therefore,the primary aim of the investigation is to comprehend the status of SLM practices with the legal framework supporting the adoption of such practices in the Ashi River watershed.A survey instrument involving structured questionnaire was implemented to collect data.A randomly based lottery method was applied to sample information from 150 land users in two control units’communities.Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data.This research revealed that there is low adoption of SLM practices of the study site.The low adoption is due to weak capacity building and enforcement of regulations in the watershed.Occupation and age of the residents are the strongest predictors of SLM adoption rate.Residents connected with farming are more sensitive to the adoption status of SLM.It is our recommendation that policy makers should ensure capacity building,and enforcement of regulations can specifically compel farmers to adopt SLM technologies.This approach would complement other strategies to solve the NPS pollution issue of Ashi River.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870187)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang,China(No.LH2020C067)+1 种基金the Innovative Talent Training Program of Heilongjiang(No.UNPYSCT-2020133)the Science and Technology Innovation Climbing Program of Harbin Normal University(No.XPPY202207)。
文摘Identifying seasonal shift in phytoplankton community is essential for understanding the significance of eutrophication and finding biological indicators of ecological health of a lotic system.Phytoplankton communities,as well as the seasonal changes in the Ashi River Basin(ASRB)of Heilongjiang Province were investigated from April 2018 to January 2019.A survey in April(spring),July(summer),October(autumn),and January(winter)at 16 sampling sites was conducted.The composition,abundance,and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton were studied and 127 taxa of phytoplankton were identified.Among them,Bacillariophyta dominated the phytoplankton communities in the whole year.There were significant spatio-temporal changes in the structures of the phytoplankton communities during the study period.Trophic state index(TSI)show that the nutritional status of the ASRB was at mesotrophic-middle eutrophic levels.Redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed that total nitrogen(TN),water temperature(WT),oxidation reduction potential(ORP),pH,and dissolved oxygen(DO)were the critical factors in the dynamic phytoplankton community structure.The multivariate regression tree(MRT)analysis showed that Chlamydomonas microsphaerella Pascher et Jahoda,Melosira granulata(Ehrenberg)Ralfs,Merismopedia tenuissima Lemmermann,and Asterionella formosa Hassall were valuable indicators in the determination of water quality in ASRB.Our findings provide a scientific basis for water quality protection and management at basin scale.
文摘碳储量(Carbon storage,CS)影响陆地生态系统碳循环过程的稳定和平衡,定量评价CS时空变化与未来预测是实现区域可持续发展的关键环节,对区域生态环境管理具有重要意义。以黑土区典型农业小流域—阿什河流域为研究区,探讨以小流域为研究尺度的CS“历史-未来”时空变化,整合不同尺度下CS进而制定碳管理目标。结果表明,利用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs,InVEST)量化1995—2020年CS,总体减少171.42×104 t,年均损失达到6.87×104 t,以2010—2015年CS下降最显著。CS空间分布具有异质性,其高值区分布在流域上游区域。通过整合行政单元和水文单元尺度下的CS,以管理职责为导向,采用聚类分析方法划分该流域碳管理单元(3个单元和5个亚单元)。对各单元CS制定管理目标,利用CA-Markov模型预测自然情景和政策情景下2025年CS,表明碳管理措施的制定可有效减缓区域CS损失,减缓效率达47.52%。该研究可为明确黑土区农业小流域CS发展模式和可持续发展策略提供科学参考。
文摘为探索黑龙江省阿什河流域底栖硅藻群落特征及环境相关性,并对阿什河流域进行水环境健康评价,本研究于2018年7月(丰水期)和2018年10月(枯水期)对阿什河流域8个典型采样点进行调查。基于相似性分析检验(analysisofsimilarities,ANOSIM)和相似百分比分析(similarity percentages,SIMPER)分析探索枯水期与丰水期之间底栖硅藻的群落差异,通过冗余分析(redundancyanalysis,RDA)对驱动底栖硅藻的关键环境因子进行筛选;使用硅藻生物指数(biological diatom index,IBD)、硅藻属指数(generic index of diatom,GI)和水体营养指数(trophic state index,TSI)对研究区域水体营养状态进行初步评价。结果表明,研究期间共鉴定底栖硅藻89种,其中丰水期80种、枯水期57种。独立样本T检验(T-test)表明阿什河流域物种丰富度丰水期显著高于枯水期(P<0.05),Shannon-wiener指数变化不显著(P>0.05)。ANOSIM结合SIMPER分析结果显示阿什河流域硅藻群落格局存在一定的时空异质性。RDA分析表明水的电导率是驱动阿什河流域底栖硅藻空间分布的环境因子,枯水期与丰水期之间高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)含量的变化是影响硅藻群落演替的因素之一。IBD、GI和TSI指数结果显示阿什河流域受人为活动干扰区域营养状态较差,IBD指数较GI指数能更有效的反映阿什河流域水体营养状况。
