The Qingdao Rubber Group Company has completed its technical renovation project on 300,000 sets of allsteel heavy-duty meridian tyres with a loan provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), After the renovation, its...The Qingdao Rubber Group Company has completed its technical renovation project on 300,000 sets of allsteel heavy-duty meridian tyres with a loan provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), After the renovation, its products have earned the standard certificate DOT from the United States and the ECE certificate from Europe, and entered the world market, Now the tyres are not only selling well in Third World countries, but also failing to keep up with demand in Britain, the United States, Europe and Australia, and other countries and regions.展开更多
Exploring the history of the silk-reeling industry in Chichibu, Japan, this paper challenges the prevalent representation of mountain communities as marginal economic peripheries of the metropolitan center or as reser...Exploring the history of the silk-reeling industry in Chichibu, Japan, this paper challenges the prevalent representation of mountain communities as marginal economic peripheries of the metropolitan center or as reservoirs of poverty and backwardness. Mountain districts were the cradle of an Asian 搃ndustrious?revolution that led to Japan抯 modernization. The highland-based silk-reeling producers pioneered an autonomous Asian model of industrial development, which competed successfully against the capital-intensive system introduced from the West into coastal cities. The export strength of silk-producing households in upland villages overturns the claim that Japan抯 economic miracle was based on the introduction of Western technology and administrative systems. To the contrary, the Asian-style management practices and labor standards developed by the silk producers were transferred to a succession of other industries. These indigenous practices account for the rise of Japanese industry in world markets. The clash between the two opposing models of modernization resulted in modern Japan抯 first major civil conflict, the Chichibu Rebellion of 1884, a legacy that has major implications for today抯 recession-mired Japan as well as for developing countries striving for an alternative path to economic development.展开更多
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and its western neighbors - the Central Asian countries, the friendly and good-neighborly relationship between the two sides has kept a sound momentum of d...Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and its western neighbors - the Central Asian countries, the friendly and good-neighborly relationship between the two sides has kept a sound momentum of development. China’s policy of creating an amicable, secure and展开更多
Before 1842, China was a major world economic power, about 30% of the world economy. From 1842 to 1901, China was forced to sign 29 ＂unequal treaties＂, depriving China of much of its sovereignty. （China lost tariff...Before 1842, China was a major world economic power, about 30% of the world economy. From 1842 to 1901, China was forced to sign 29 ＂unequal treaties＂, depriving China of much of its sovereignty. （China lost tariff autonomy, consular jurisdiction over foreigners, control over land in concession areas, inland shipping rights, control over foreign troops, and the right to outlaw opium and to tax businesses）. These sovereignty losses correlated with China＇s economy shrinking to about five percent of the world economy by 1949 （Maddison, 2009）. Communist China regained full sovereignty in 1949 and, even with a post-Korean War US-led Western blockade; China＇s planned economy model achieved average GDP per capita growth of 2.8% annually from 1949 to 1973, despite the disasters of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution （Maddison, 2009, p. 216）. Though twice the per capita growth rate of India （1.4%）, China＇s growth was only 35% of Japan＇s growth rate （eight percent from 1950 to 1973）. After Mao＇s 1976 death, Deng Xiaoping, with the new global political/economic environment, opened China to the global economy, achieving annual per capita growth of more than five percent （Maddison, 2009）. China＇s per capita income increased from USD 200 in 1978 to about USD 5000 in 2012, making China the world＇s second largest economy. We will explore how China used its post-1949 full sovereignty to combine lessons from China＇s semi-sovereign past and its domestic experiences （Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution） to engage in Western-style market reforms and ＂China Goes Global＂ policies. These Chinese reforms were also based on the post-WWII changed international environment and the success of Japan and the Four Tigers in creating ＂miracle＂ economies.展开更多
We investigate the relative importance of spring sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in different Indian Ocean(IO)domains,especially the northern and southern IO,for the development and intensity of the Asian summer monsoon...We investigate the relative importance of spring sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in different Indian Ocean(IO)domains,especially the northern and southern IO,for the development and intensity of the Asian summer monsoon.By performing unsupervised neural network analysis,the self-organizing map,we extract distinct patterns of springtime IO SST.The results show that the uniform warming(cooling)of the southern IO plays a crucial role in the warming(cooling)of both the basin-wide IO and tropical IO.The southern IO thus well represents the associations of basinwide IO and tropical IO with the Asian summer monsoon,and is instrumental in the relationship between the IO and summer monsoon.A warming in the southern IO is closely related to the weakening of large-scale meridional monsoon circulation in May and summer(June–August),including suppression of the South Asian monsoon development in May and the East Asian monsoon in summer.On the other hand,a warming in the northern IO appears to be associated with an earlier South Asian monsoon onset and a stronger East Asian monsoon.In summer,the connection of the springtime IO SST with the South Asian monsoon weakens,but that with the East Asian monsoon strengthens.Finally,a robust negative correlation is found between the warming of various IO domains and the development and intensity of the Southeast Asian monsoon.展开更多
文摘The Qingdao Rubber Group Company has completed its technical renovation project on 300,000 sets of allsteel heavy-duty meridian tyres with a loan provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), After the renovation, its products have earned the standard certificate DOT from the United States and the ECE certificate from Europe, and entered the world market, Now the tyres are not only selling well in Third World countries, but also failing to keep up with demand in Britain, the United States, Europe and Australia, and other countries and regions.
文摘Exploring the history of the silk-reeling industry in Chichibu, Japan, this paper challenges the prevalent representation of mountain communities as marginal economic peripheries of the metropolitan center or as reservoirs of poverty and backwardness. Mountain districts were the cradle of an Asian 搃ndustrious?revolution that led to Japan抯 modernization. The highland-based silk-reeling producers pioneered an autonomous Asian model of industrial development, which competed successfully against the capital-intensive system introduced from the West into coastal cities. The export strength of silk-producing households in upland villages overturns the claim that Japan抯 economic miracle was based on the introduction of Western technology and administrative systems. To the contrary, the Asian-style management practices and labor standards developed by the silk producers were transferred to a succession of other industries. These indigenous practices account for the rise of Japanese industry in world markets. The clash between the two opposing models of modernization resulted in modern Japan抯 first major civil conflict, the Chichibu Rebellion of 1884, a legacy that has major implications for today抯 recession-mired Japan as well as for developing countries striving for an alternative path to economic development.
文摘Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and its western neighbors - the Central Asian countries, the friendly and good-neighborly relationship between the two sides has kept a sound momentum of development. China’s policy of creating an amicable, secure and
文摘Before 1842, China was a major world economic power, about 30% of the world economy. From 1842 to 1901, China was forced to sign 29 ＂unequal treaties＂, depriving China of much of its sovereignty. （China lost tariff autonomy, consular jurisdiction over foreigners, control over land in concession areas, inland shipping rights, control over foreign troops, and the right to outlaw opium and to tax businesses）. These sovereignty losses correlated with China＇s economy shrinking to about five percent of the world economy by 1949 （Maddison, 2009）. Communist China regained full sovereignty in 1949 and, even with a post-Korean War US-led Western blockade; China＇s planned economy model achieved average GDP per capita growth of 2.8% annually from 1949 to 1973, despite the disasters of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution （Maddison, 2009, p. 216）. Though twice the per capita growth rate of India （1.4%）, China＇s growth was only 35% of Japan＇s growth rate （eight percent from 1950 to 1973）. After Mao＇s 1976 death, Deng Xiaoping, with the new global political/economic environment, opened China to the global economy, achieving annual per capita growth of more than five percent （Maddison, 2009）. China＇s per capita income increased from USD 200 in 1978 to about USD 5000 in 2012, making China the world＇s second largest economy. We will explore how China used its post-1949 full sovereignty to combine lessons from China＇s semi-sovereign past and its domestic experiences （Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution） to engage in Western-style market reforms and ＂China Goes Global＂ policies. These Chinese reforms were also based on the post-WWII changed international environment and the success of Japan and the Four Tigers in creating ＂miracle＂ economies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42088101)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030004)+1 种基金Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies(2020B1212060025)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change.
文摘We investigate the relative importance of spring sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in different Indian Ocean(IO)domains,especially the northern and southern IO,for the development and intensity of the Asian summer monsoon.By performing unsupervised neural network analysis,the self-organizing map,we extract distinct patterns of springtime IO SST.The results show that the uniform warming(cooling)of the southern IO plays a crucial role in the warming(cooling)of both the basin-wide IO and tropical IO.The southern IO thus well represents the associations of basinwide IO and tropical IO with the Asian summer monsoon,and is instrumental in the relationship between the IO and summer monsoon.A warming in the southern IO is closely related to the weakening of large-scale meridional monsoon circulation in May and summer(June–August),including suppression of the South Asian monsoon development in May and the East Asian monsoon in summer.On the other hand,a warming in the northern IO appears to be associated with an earlier South Asian monsoon onset and a stronger East Asian monsoon.In summer,the connection of the springtime IO SST with the South Asian monsoon weakens,but that with the East Asian monsoon strengthens.Finally,a robust negative correlation is found between the warming of various IO domains and the development and intensity of the Southeast Asian monsoon.
基金作者在香港大学社会学系所完成的博士学位论文的部分成果美国哈佛燕京学社(The Harvard Yenching Institute)2010~2011年度“中国底层社会与民众文化”研究计划(“Grassroots Society and Popular Culture in China” Training Program)的资助
