Greenhouse Intercropping of Green Asparagus(Asparagus officinalis Linn) and Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.)

Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus （Asparagus officinalis Linn） and coriander （Coriandrum sativurn L.） not only could increase vegetable kinds, but also could improve cropping index, and the asparagus growers＇ income could also be improved. This paper introduced the intercropping technique of green asparagus and coriander, so as to provide technical support for large-area extension of greenhouse green asparagus cultivation and break the situation of single mode for .qreenhouse cultivation.

The effect of Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide on erythrocyte of S_(180) mice played in immunological reaction of lymphocytes

Objective To contrast the roles of Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide on erythrocyte of S180 mice played in immunological reaction of lymphocytes.To study the effect of Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide on the erythrocyte function of S180 mice.Methods Suspensions of lymphocytes(1×106/mL)and autologous plasma were respectively separated from anticoaguted whole blood of healthy mice with the lymphocyte separation medium.The erythrocytes(1×108/mL)were separated from whole blood of Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide mice.Using the autologous plasm as reactive medium,the role of erythrocytes in regulating the immunological reaction of lymphocytes was appraised.The expression of CD25 on lymphocytes was detected using flow cytometry.Results The immunogical regulating ability of erythrocyte in mice with control groups is much lower than that of normal groups,and the immunogical regulating ability of erythrocyte in mice with Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide groups is much higher than that of control groups.Conclusions According to the effects of erythrocyte CD35 on the immuno-response of lymphocyte and the different of the expression of CD25 on lymphocytes,we prove that Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide can improve the erythrocyte function of S180 mice.

Effects of Salt Stress on Growth and Ion Distribution in Seedlings of Asparagus officinalis L.

An Asparagus officinalis L. cultivar NJ978 was used to study the growing rate, salt ion content and mineral ion uptake and distribution in plants under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited seedling growth and there was a negative relationship between seedling growth and salt concentration. The seedlings growth showed no significant decrease under low salt stress （NaCl≤50 mmol/L）, while high concentrations of NaCl led to detrimental effects on the growth of A. officinalis L.. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Na ＋ content increased gradually in A. officinalis L. roots, stems and leaves while the K^＋ and Ca^2＋ contents had slow decreases. Under low salt stress, the seedlings of A. officinalis L. could prevent Na ＋ from transporting to aerial part by withholding Na ＋ in root, which could keep the balance of ions in aerial part, but under high salt stress （NaCl 〉 100 mmol/L）, the aerial part of seedlings accumulated superabundance of Na ＋, which limited the uptake of K^＋ and Ca^2＋ , so seedlings were damaged heavily, which manifested as the gradual decrease of K^＋/Na ＋ and Ca^2＋ /Na ＋ in the roots and aerial part of the seedlings. The selective absorption of K^＋, Ca^2＋ and Na ＋ （AS K,Na and AS Ca,Na ） was significantly increased with increased salinity, while the selective transportation （TS K,Na and TS Ca,Na ） increased at first and then decreased with the increased salinity. Therefore, the strong ability of salt exclusion and the regionalized distribution of ions in roots, stems and leaves could be one of the salt tolerance mechanisms of A. officinalis L.

Rapid Determination of Seed Number and Thousand Kernel Weight of Asparagus officinalis L.Using Image Processing Method

Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and large growers.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.This study developed a quick and accurate method to measure the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.using image processing technology.Seed sample of A.officinalis L.was scanned with 200 dpi resolution,and the seed number was then obtained using Image-ProPlus software.After weighing the seeds,thousand kernel weight was finally calculated.By recording‘macro’,the batch processing of the samples can also be realized.This method is simple and accurate,and can greatly save the time of investigation.

Stress Physiology and Virulence Characterization of Phomopsis asparagi (Sacc.) Bubák isolated from Asparagus in Jiangxi Province of China

Fungal pathogen of asparagus stem blight was isolated. No significant genetic difference was detected among the three strains with 492 bp long ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence. It was then identified through colony growth, conidia morphology, and molecular characterization. The physiological response to oxidation and osmosis stress, and virulence to Asparagus officinalis L. were analyzed. The results showed that the pathogen causing asparagus stem blight for A. officinalis L. in Jiangxi Province is Phomopsis asparagri (Sacc.) Bubák. Under pure culture conditions, the conidia were oval-shaped (α-type), with colorless single spore and single nucleus, containing 0-2 oil balls. Its vegetative growth rate was higher when cultured on 0.2 × potato dextrose agar (0.2 × PDA) medium than that on oatmeal agar (OA) medium. However, the pycnidia appeared earlier on OA medium than on 0.2 earlier PDA medium. The vegetative growth rate was depressed under oxidation (H2O2) or osmosis (NaCl) stress conditions, and totally inhibited under 7 mmol/L H2O2 or 2.4 mol/L NaCl. All the strains caused typical pathogenic symptoms to Asparagus officinalis L. at 7 days-post-inoculation (dpi) with conidia.

Bud and spear development of asparagus under constant temperature

Objectives of our study were to quantify the effects of apical dominance and bud cluster activity on asparagus yield patterns and to collect data for process-oriented modeling of the asparagus crop. Plants were grown in 40 L containers. After four years the soil above the asparagus crowns was removed and the containers were placed in a growth chamber at 20°C for three months. During this time, spear length was measured daily except at weekends, and spears were cut when longer than 25 cm. Each spear was assigned to a bud cluster, defined as a dense group of buds clearly distinct from other bud groups on the crown. Although temperature was constant, several properties measured in this study changed during the experiment. The number of active bud clusters first increased then decreased, the lag time between spears growing at the same cluster increased, and the relative growth rate of spears decreased. The constant increase of harvested spears per plant stopped abruptly when the plants ran out of viable buds. At the crop level, i.e. the average for all plants, which is normally monitored in field trials, the transition from linear yield increase to zero increase was less abrupt since plants stopped growing spears on different dates. In our study asparagus yield, i.e. the number of harvested spears, was not limited by low carbohydrate in storage roots, but by a lack of viable buds. This was concluded from the abrupt halt in spear production observed in all plants despite the fact that some plants still had considerable carbohydrate content.

Effect of Asparagus polysaccharide on the number and activity of erythrocyte complement receptor 1 (CD35) of S_(180) mice

Objective To study the effect of Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide on the number and activity of erythrocyte complement receptor 1 in S180 mice.Methods Red blood cells from mice venous blood were labeled by rat anti-mouse CD35 monoclonal antibody and FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody.Using flow cytometry,we determined the number of ECR1.Using microscope,we studied the adherence between erythrocyte immunity and C3b receptor or tumor-cell by RBC-C3bRR and DTER.Results Comparing the mean value of the number of CR1 on each RBC of high and middle groups with control groups,the mean value of the number of CR1,RBC-C3bRR and DTER of Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide groups are increased significantly.Conclusions Asparagus officinalis polysaccharide can improve the erythrocyte function of S180 mice,which may be one of its most important antitumor mechanisms.

Rapid Progation Technique of New Variety of Asparagus--Linlu No.1

This study explored the medium for new variety of Asparagus——Linlu No.1 to induce germination, bud proliferation,and induce rootings and their formula. The result revealed that MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L is the suitable medium for germination; MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L is the medium fit for bud proliferation and 1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.05 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L is the perfect medium for rootings.

Steroids from the Roots of Asparagus officinalis and Their Cytotoxic Activity

One new （Sarsasapogenin O） and seven known steroids were isolated from the roots of Asparagus offlcinalis L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including various 2D-NMR techniques, hydrolysis, and by comparison of spectral data of known compounds. These compounds together with nine steroids which were previously isolated from this plant, were tested for cytotoxic activity. Among them, eight compounds displayed significant cytotoxiciUes against human A2780, HO-8910, Eca-109, MGC-803, CNE, LTEP-a-2, KB and mouse L1210 tumor cells.

环洞庭湖地区绿芦笋套作马铃薯免耕栽培技术

绿芦笋因其丰富的营养以及脆爽的口感,深受消费者青睐,栽种收益多年且单年收益高,是较好的富民产业。绿芦笋冬季剪枝时间与马铃薯生产时间重叠,适合开展绿芦笋与马铃薯套作模式。主要从绿芦笋的品种选择、田间准备、中期管理、病虫害防治、嫩笋采后处理分级等方面以及马铃薯品种选择、田间准备、中期管理、病虫害防治、收获与收益等方面总结了绿芦笋套作马铃薯免耕栽培技术要点,并就该套作模式的优点进行了分析,以期为广大种植者提供参考。

DNA分子标记早期快速鉴别芦笋雌雄株

在相同的生长条件下,芦笋雄株产量比雌株高出25%以上。但芦笋从播种到开花大约需要2年时间,早期难以直接区分芦笋的性别,通过芦笋雌雄株早期快速鉴定,有利于芦笋杂交制种的亲本选择,缩短育种年限,随着DNA分子标记技术的发展,利用性别连锁标记在苗期进行芦笋性别鉴定成为可能。本研究构建了芦笋两性株S1群体共108株以及雌雄株DNA池,利用与芦笋性别决定基因紧密连锁的DNA分子标记Asp1-T7对雄性DNA池和雌性DNA池进行多态性分析,结果表明STS标记Asp1-T7在雄性DNA池与雌性DNA池间具有多态性,可以用来对芦笋两性株S1群体进行性别辅助选择。利用Asp1-T7检测芦笋两性株S1群体,检测结果为雌性(mm)30株,雄性(MMz Mm)78株,卡平方测验结果验证了芦笋性别是由一对等位基因控制,表现出3:1的分离比例(χc2=0.3086<χ20.05=3.84)。田间性别调查验证和分析结果显示,Asp1-T7可以早期快速有效的鉴别芦笋雌株和雄株。

石刁柏Ty1-copia反转座子逆转录酶序列克隆及异质性分析

对石刁柏(Asparagus officinalis)品种UC309及TD818的两个反转座子逆转录酶序列进行了PCR扩增并对其在基因组中的异质性进行了分析。结果表明,s101366和s107518两个转座子序列均属于Ty1-copia反转座子,是Ty1-copia反转座酶的部分保守区序列,其长度分别为636和653 bp。对随机获得的两个反转座子测序表明两个反转座子存在一定的异质性,其突变主要是由于发生了碱基置换,其中碱基转换分别占到80.4%和80.0%,T圮C和G圮A转换的比例差异不显著。通过对两个石刁柏品种(TD818和UC309)中获得的序列聚类分析发现,s101366和s107518均未表现出性别间、品种间及近缘种间的保守性,甚至表现出了种内异质性大于种间的异质性特征。这说明了两个反转座子处于高度变异的状态,是产生染色体不稳定的重要因素之一。

芦笋雌雄混合品种‘Atlas’花发育形态特征观察

为明确芦笋(Asparagus officinalis L.)雌雄性别决定与分化和花蕾长度大小的关系,以5年生品种‘Atlas’为材料,采用普通石蜡切片和番红-固绿染色技术,对芦笋花芽发育过程中雌、雄花蕾进行显微形态观察研究。结果表明:芦笋单性花的形成首先经历两性器官原基期,之后再分别向雌或雄性别的方向发育,在两性器官发育时期,雌雄花蕾之间无明显的形态学差异;随后,雌株内的雌蕊正常发育,形成健全的子房和柱头,而雄蕊停止发育,高度退化;雄株内的雄蕊继续发育,形成健全的花丝和花药,但雌蕊发育受阻,花柱存在退化不完全的现象。经花蕾内部结构和外部长度对比发现,花蕾长度1.2 mm是芦笋两性期向单性期过渡的关键时期,这为研究芦笋性别决定与分化的取材时期提供了参考。

基于NCBI数据库芦笋EST-SSR标记的开发

为了明确芦笋EST序列中SSR的总体分布特点,开发芦笋EST-SSR标记,为利用EST-SSR分子标记进行芦笋遗传研究提供了理论依据。本研究从NCBI数据库上获得了8 615条EST,并利用在线软件ssrtool和websat检测所含SSR位点序列,并进行分析。共检索出483条SSR序列,检出率为5.61%。其中二核苷酸重复基元的EST-SSR占主导地位,占总SSR数目的 32.3%。利用在线引物设计软件Primer3.0开发了424对EST-SSR引物,随机挑选50对引物,以4份芦笋品种种质资源的DNA为模板,经8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,通过筛选验证获得了42对多态性引物,表明开发的EST-SSR具有较好的多态性。这些EST-SSR标记的开发不仅丰富了芦笋的分子标记数量,而且为其种质资源的遗传分析提供了理论依据。

蔗糖：蔗糖1-果糖基转移酶基因Ao1-SST的克隆及表达分析

芦笋根茎间物质转化主要碳水化合物形式是果聚糖,为研究芦笋果聚糖合成相关基因及其表达模式,本研究以四倍体芦笋品种“紫色激情”为供试材料,采用同源克隆结合RT-PCR的方法克隆了蔗糖:蔗糖1-果糖基转移酶基因Ao1-SST,核心编码区长度为1 887 bp,编码一个含有628个氨基酸的蛋白质。蛋白序列分析显示,Ao1-SST蛋白含有糖基水解酶32功能域。预测分析发现,该蛋白为亲水性蛋白,其二级结构以无规则卷曲为主;该蛋白序列在物种间具有高度的保守性,系统发生进化树分析表明Ao1-SST氨基酸序列与龙舌兰亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR分析表明,Ao1-SST基因在贮藏根中表达量最高,其次是母茎和吸收根。本研究为后续解析紫色芦笋中Ao1-SST基因在根、茎中以果聚糖为主要贮藏物质的分子机制功能提供了研究依据。

芦笋品种NJ1192雄株高效再生体系的建立

通过对芦笋品种NJ1192雄株离体再生体系中的诱导愈组织伤、分化出芽、生根等过程进行研究,结果显示,以芦笋份绿色的嫩茎为外植体,最佳的愈伤诱导培养基是MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.8 mg/L 2,4-D,其愈伤组织诱导率可达95.6%;以MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IAA作为诱芽培养基,诱芽率可达64.6%;将诱导出芽的材料在生根培养基上诱导生根,其中以MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+1.3 mg/L嘧啶醇的培养基生根率最高,达到74.5%。本研究获得了芦笋品种NJ1192雄株材料高效离体再生体系,为建立该品种的种苗组培生产以及遗传转化等基因工程平台的建立提供了较好的研究基础。

芦笋的杂交育种与生物技术研究进展

芦笋(Asparagus officinalis)是一种营养丰富的食药用同源型蔬菜,但目前芦笋种质资源比较匮乏,育种工作复杂、周期长。近几十年来生物技术在芦笋中的应用加速了优良单株的扩繁和选育,通过生物技术手段选育新品种是今后芦笋选育的主要方向。本综述阐述了近年来国内外芦笋杂交育种、全雄育种、多倍体育种技术的研究进展,以及组织培养技术、分子标记技术、转录组学、转基因技术等生物技术在芦笋上的应用,同时分析了芦笋育种目前存在的问题并作出了展望,为通过生物技术手段培育芦笋新品种提供一些参考,认为在加强生物技术在芦笋中的应用外,应深入研究芦笋的抗逆分子机制,加速优良种质的选育。