Sexual Assault and Its Psychopathological Repercussions in the Life of Female Students in Northeastern Benin (2023)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychic repercussions of sexual assault among female students in Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among all students at the University of Parakou. The sampling technique was stratified non-proportional at two levels. The dependent variable was self-reported sexual assault. The psychopathological repercussions linked to sexual assault and explored in these students were: post-traumatic stress disorder assessed with the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5) scale;and current depression screened with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. Results: A total of 376 female students from the University of Parakou meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The average age of the subjects surveyed was 20.56 ± 2.46 years, with extremes of 16 and 32 years. A predominance of subjects under 25 was observed. The prevalence of sexual assault among female students at the University of Parakou was 10.63%. The types of aggression suffered were mostly rape (18 people;45%) and sexual touching (16 people;40%), and the aggressors were mainly friends/boyfriends (13;32.5%), family members (12;30.0%) and people from the house/neighborhood (9;22.5%). Psychological repercussions included depression in 72.5% (29) of cases, with mild depression in 30% (12), moderate depression in 37.5% (15) and severe depression in 5% (2). Anxiety disorders were present in 27.50% (11) of victims. The risk factors associated with sexual assault in these students were gravidity (p = 0.014;OR = 15.32), unhappy life events (p = 0.01;OR = 17.24), and age of first sexual intercourse (p = 0.016;OR = 4.608). Conclusion: One in ten female students in Parakou has been sexually assaulted. Once again, preventive action through effective sex education is a means of fighting the problem that should be prioritized for every girl and boy from an early age. Psychological support by specialists should be offered to any victim discovered without delay. Communication on the subject should be multiplied in all family and academic educational environments, from the lowest to the highest levels.

侵害未成年人案件学校强制报告制度的反思与重构

考察分析侵害未成年人案件强制报告典型案例,发现学校强制报告制度存在义务主体范围不明、受理部门不清、责任机制难以适用的问题。制度的完善首先要明确义务主体囊括所有工作人员且责任需落实到个人,可通过线索归口管理制度强化学校强制报告制度的可操作性。应建立专门的未成年人保护机构,以实现案件的统一受理和对未成年被害人的综合性保护。责任机制方面应取消“造成严重后果”的条件,细化行政责任、审慎追究刑事责任、引入民事责任。

两栖装甲车水上运动仿真平台开发与应用研究

为设计及验证两栖装甲突击车大风浪条件下的火控算法,需要开发其实时仿真平台。传统单刚体车辆动力学模型无法反映车体-炮塔-炮管间复杂的动力学耦合关系,不适合于高动态特性的火控仿真。使用twist-wrench方法建立了车辆的多刚体动力学模型,根据车体与视景中生成的海浪之间的运动关系计算浮力和水动力,水动力系数则事先通过计算流体力学方法得出。以一种滑模控制器为例验证了此系统作为火控算法开发及验证平台的有效性。

Sexual Assault: Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Aspects at the Brazzaville University Hospital Center

Objective: to identify the socio-demographic profile of the alleged victims of sexual assault, to define the characteristics of the aggressors, to describe the types of clinical lesions, and to analyze the link between these different parameters.?During the study period, 5620 clients were admitted to gynecological emergencies, including 150 for sexual assault (2.6%). The alleged victims of aggression were 14 years old on average [range: 2?-?49 years]. Among these clients, there were 147 (98%) women and 3 (2%) men [sex ratio: 0.02]. They had a primary education level of 38%, secondary to 42.7%, and single in 87.2% of cases. Clients came from home (69.3%) or police station (24.7%). The perpetrator was male, with an average age of 25.5 years [range: 16 to 35 years]. Regarding the relationship with the victim, the neighborhood accounted for 83%. The perpetrator was alone in 76.7% of cases, two (14%) or more (16.7%), up to 18.?The aggressor’s home was the place of aggression (39.3%). The threats were made using knives (49.3%) and firearms (8.5%). The perpetrator used either his sex (79.9%), his fingers (34.2%) or an object (2.7%). The route of entry was vaginal (94.6%), anal (21.7%) and oral (10%). The abuser used the condom in 74.7% of cases.?Customers had viewed within 24 hours (40.7%). The general state and hemodynamics at admission was normal for all clients. Physical injuries were injuries (23%) and scrapes (34.5%). External genitalia included perineal tears (28%), vaginal tears (8.6%), hymenal tears (7.3%), and old deflowering (72.7%). The hymen was intact in 20%.?The bi-varied analysis found a correlation with a statistically significant difference in the age range of the alleged victims with the number of aggressors, the time of aggression, the path and type of penetration, and the weapon used for the threat.

随意殴打型寻衅滋事罪之保护法益与“随意”要素厘定

1997年《刑法》修订时将寻衅滋事罪从流氓罪中独立出来,但由于条文规定存在太多的价值性判断表述,因此导致无论是在理论研究抑或司法实务都无法对其达成统一意见。争议最大的莫过于构成要件中保护法益的明确和对“随意”一词的理解。从目的解释和体系解释上讲,随意殴打型寻衅滋事罪的保护法益应当限定为“公共场所秩序”,将“随意”一词认定为客观要素更符合立法沿革和目的解释。

Sexual assaults in therapeutic relationships: prevalence, risk factors and consequences

A law has been passed in Germany (paragraph 174c StGB), which prohibits therapists from having sexual contact with their patients. This provides the background for a follow-up survey to the previous study completed by Becker- Fischer and Fischer in 1995. The results of this survey are discussed here on the basis of the current status of research concerning preva- lence and risk factors of sexual assaults in therapeutic relationships. The focus of the re- search lies in determining the specific condi- tions of sexual assaults in psychotherapy and psychiatry, risk variables of the therapists and patients, the effects it has on the patients as well as the legal consequences it results in. To en- sure the comparability of the data, an online version of the Questionnaire about Sexual Con- tacts in Psychotherapy and Psychiatry (SKPP;Becker-Fischer, Fischer & Jerouschek) was cre- ated and a survey of N = 77 affected patients was conducted. The majority of the participants in the study reported a serious decline in their overall well being following the incident. How- ever only very few undertook legal steps - only in three cases did it come to a legal procedure. The assumption that sexual contacts in psy- chotherapy result in extremely damaging con- sequences to patients, was affirmed. Despite the changed legal situation, therapists in Ger- many are still not held legally responsible more often than they were 10 years ago. Based on these results a more intensive education of the patients concerning their legal rights is recom- mended.

Verbal Abuse, Physical Assault, and Harassment in Pediatric Medical Settings: A Nationwide Survey in Japan

Background: Verbal abuse, physical assault, and harassment of pediatric healthcare workers by patients and their families have become increasingly serious. These incidents lead to various problems, including the deterioration of staff members’ mental health and employee turnover. Methods: This study was conducted as the first Japanese nationwide survey to assess the abuse perpetrated by patients and families and experienced by medical staff in pediatric medical settings in 2018, countermeasures employed, and staff member evaluations of the countermeasures. Results: Responses from 526 facilities were received, clinics accounted for 79.8% of these facilities;88.1% of the respondents were females. Further, 10.5% of the facility staff reported having experienced verbal abuse, violence, or harassment from patients or family members. Of 1103 cases of victimizations, there were 719, 136, and 248 cases of verbal abuse, violence, and harassment, respectively. Manuals and guidelines had been created and training and drill performances were conducted as countermeasures in 10.7% and 9.0% of facilities, respectively;7.3% of staff members felt that the countermeasures were effective, corresponding to 45.6% of the affected staff. Conclusion: The findings suggest the necessity of thoroughly familiarizing staff with existing facility countermeasures as well as introducing new countermeasures such as victimization simulations.

Relationship between Level of Knowledge on Anger Control and Occurrence of Real Assaultive Behaviour in Patients (20 - 45 Years) Admitted at a National Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Zimbabwe

Background: Aggressive tendencies from psychiatric inpatients are increasingly becoming problematic at a national referral psychiatric hospital in Zimbabwe. No research has been done in this context to determine the dynamics around this disturbing phenomenon. Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge on anger control, to determine the occurrence of real assaultive behaviour and to examine the relationship between level of knowledge on anger control and occurrence of real assaultive behaviour in patients aged 20 - 45 years admitted at a national referral psychiatric hospital in Zimbabwe. Method: A descriptive correlational design was used. Seventy-six respondents aged between 20 and 45 years were selected using simple random sampling. A structured interview was used to collect data. The occurrence of real assaultive behaviour was adapted from the Staff Observation and Aggression Scale completed by observing patients during the assaultive behaviour occurrence. Patient observation was done by the psychiatric trained nurses who were specifically trained for this study to fill the part of the data collection instrument that needed observation. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient test and simple regression analysis. Results: Results showed a Pearson coefficient test of (r = -3.47, p Conclusions: Results call for collaboration of mental health practitioners to empower patients with anger control skills.

Epidemiological Clinical Aspects and Medical Management of Sexual Assault in the Region of Ségou in Mali

Introduction: Sexual assault is an act of a sexual nature perpetrated on another person without their consent. Goal: To describe the epidemio-clinical aspects and the medical management of sexual assault in the Segou region. Methodology: This was a retro-prospective descriptive study from September 2010 to September 2018 on the alleged female victims of sexual assault registered in the Gynecology and Obstetrics departments of the hospital and the sanitary quarters of Ségou. Results: We recorded 107 cases of sexual assault out of 47,729 gynecological consultations, representing a hospital prevalence of 0.22%. The victims were between 10 and 15 years old in 48.59% of the cases. Students were the most represented with 53.27% (57/107) of cases. Genito-genital contact was recorded in 90.65% (97/107) of cases. Vulvo-perineal lesions were present in 44.86% (48/107) of survivors. Hymenial deflowering was the most frequent traumatic genital lesion accounting for 43.70% (21/48) of old cases and 27.00% (13/48) of recent cases. Sexual assault was committed by a single individual in 60.75% (65/107) of cases and by a friend of the victim in 21.5% (23/107) of cases. The survivors had consulted within 24 hours of the sexual assault in 53.27% (57/107) of the cases, the treatment was medical in 68.22% (73/107) and medical-surgical in 4.7% (5/107), post-exposure prophylaxis to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was performed in only 26.16% (28/107) of survivors. Conclusion: Sexual assault remains a concern although its frequency is low. This scourge mainly affects children and adolescents, and the lesions are mainly genitals.

Sexual Assault in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Bamako’s 5th Municipality Medical Center

Background: The authors report cases of sexual assault reported to the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Bamako’s 5th municipality medical center during a prospective study of eight months from 1st January to 31st August 31st, 2012. Results: Twenty-one cases of assault were reported out of a total of 13,482 consultations, representing a frequency of 0%, 15%. Most victims were represented by students and accounted 43% of the study population. In 76% of cases the victims knew their assailant. The type of sexual contact was genito-genital vaginal penetration in 67% of cases and the condom was used in only one case. The average time before consultation was 3 days. The preventive ARV treatment was administered in 24% of cases and emergency contraception in 43% of cases. Conclusion: Sexual assault is common in Bamako. The reality is probably underestimated because many cases are not reported. The victims are mostly children and adolescents. The risk of transmission of STIs and HIV is very high during the sexual assault. Education and awareness of the population are essential for early consultation. Training of health workers to care for victims of sexual assault is needed.

基于DoDAF的陆上智能突击系统作战概念系统开发

针对陆上突击装备发展的军事需求牵引问题,开发一种面向未来智能化作战的陆上突击系统作战概念。从界定相关概念和研究边界出发,基于DoDAF提出作战概念模型框架和建模步骤,结合模型描述分析其作战效果、作战流程、作战节点、资源交互、系统组成和能力特征,采用仿真实验方法从系统打击效能和通信负载两个方面进行作战概念验证。结果表明,智能突击系统相比传统突击装备具有更为敏捷的打击链路和更强的火力打击能力,新增通信负载压力在当前技术能力支撑范围内,证明作战概念中的核心执行者系统选型、编配及作战方式合理可行,对于未来装备发展具有参考意义。

陆上智能突击系统作战概念建模

为解决陆上突击装备发展缺乏军事需求牵引的问题,设计陆上智能突击系统作战概念,建立基于DoDAF的作战概念描述模型;提出面向系统仿真对抗的陆上智能突击系统作战概念建模框架,构建实体、信息和行为三个层次的仿真模型;设计开发制胜机理演示验证与分析评估原型系统,构建综合性指标体系,围绕智能突击系统城市夺控作战进行仿真评估。结果表明,陆上智能突击系统装备选型、编配及作战运用合理可行,综合作战效益相比传统作战力量明显提升。

网络视域下猥亵类犯罪保护法益的重释

目前,网络猥亵行为后果严重却缺乏合适罪名规制,司法机关只能通过猥亵概念的扩张乃至类推解释将其入罪。传统法益观点无法为网络猥亵的界定提供帮助,也缺乏说理功能,因而需要对猥亵犯罪的法益进行重新解释。猥亵犯罪的法益应界定为个人法益中的性维持权,性自由是违法阻却事由而不是本罪保护法益。性维持权以法益主体的人身为核心,不涉及法益主体人身控制行为。单方发送性淫秽信息、偷窥、偷拍等行为不符合猥亵行为定义,属于类推解释。虚拟性侵中不存在法益主体,没有刑法意义。VR性侵破坏了他人的性维持状态,属于猥亵行为。

我国性侵未成年人犯罪人员信息公开制度的适用与完善

性犯罪人员信息登记与公开制度是英美等国家为预防性侵犯罪而建立的制度。自2016年起,我国浙江省慈溪市、江苏省淮安市淮阴区以及上海市闵行区等地先后启动对性侵未成年人犯罪人员信息公开制度的试点探索。从各地试点运行情况看,该制度设计尚存不足,导致实践中面临一系列困境。对此,应当在肯定该制度现实价值及地方试点探索意义的基础上,贯彻分级管理理念,从完善登记规则、统一评估标准、构建多层次信息公开方式以及设立相关配套措施等方面共同发力,逐步完善信息公开制度,实现保护未成年人合法权益、保护社会公共利益与保护性犯罪人权利间的价值平衡。

系统权变视域下性侵犯罪未成年被害人“一站式”取证的规范形塑

针对性侵未成年被害人的“一站式”取证能够在有效取证的同时,调动各方力量实现未成年人的最大利益的恢复与保障,是近年来我国规制性侵未成年人犯罪的制度创新选择。“一站式”取证可视为一个对性侵未成年人案件信息进行收集处理的动态系统,其组织架构的形塑与系统权变理论具有耦合性。针对“一站式”取证进行完善,可基于系统权变理论,以案件信息输入、内部关系协调、证据信息输出为线索,对“一站式”取证进行规范化设计。

空中突击部队装备体系作战任务建模方法研究

空中突击部队是由多装备系统组成的装备体系,在执行任务过程中体现多阶段多任务的特点。基于DoDAF体系框架,结合美军空中突击部队装备体系作战任务展开研究。首先,通过作战任务的形式化描述,建立了装备体系作战任务的四元组描述模型;其次,在DoDAF体系框架下,提出建立空中突击部队装备体系作战任务的静态模型和动态模型;最后通过仿真方法对动态模型进行验证,证明了该模型的可信性。

两栖突击作战系统通过通路生存能力仿真分析

对两栖突击作战系统通过障碍区的行动进行仿真分析,考察通路的数量、通路的宽度、蓝军火力威胁等因素对其生存能力的影响,进而提出提高两栖突击作战系统生存能力的有效措施。

天基信息支援下航空兵对海导弹攻击的影响图模型

通过分析在天基装备信息支援及C4ISR系统参与下航空兵对海导弹攻击的基本过程,确定了表征该作战过程所必须的参量,并利用影响图方法提出了天基信息支援下航空兵对海导弹攻击作战模型.在此基础上运用非线性微分方程的定性理论对模型进行分析,充分说明了天基装备在航空兵对海导弹攻击中的信息支援作用.

面向实战的突击炮解命中问题误差分析

在未来战场上,轻便、机动、灵活是地面武器系统的重要特点,对于突击炮,实战中将面临着因敌我双方高机动而使火控系统效能下降的挑战。为应对挑战,笔者通过分析解命中模型误差,建立误差仿真模型,并应用仿真模型计算不同作战条件下的射击提前量误差和命中概率,依据仿真结果分析误差影响规律并提出在实战条件下提高武器作战效能的措施。