Obesity is a multifactorial disease and the prominent factors playing a role in its pathogenesis are biological, environmental and psychological. There is a growing interest in understanding psychological functioning ...Obesity is a multifactorial disease and the prominent factors playing a role in its pathogenesis are biological, environmental and psychological. There is a growing interest in understanding psychological functioning of obese subjects and the influence of psychological factors on treatment outcome. The aim of the present narrative review is to critically analyze the current literature, in order to point out the most common psychological constructs studied in obesity and to give an overview of the main existing tools investigating psychological features which have been considered significant for the prediction of success in weight loss and maintenance programs in obese patients. In this framework, the most common psychological constructs studied are: self-motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, health related quality of life, self-esteem, self-control, concerns about body image, outcome expectations, and personality traits. These features have been explored through a wide variety of psychometric instruments. However, as an overall, studies evaluating the association between psychological features and treatment outcome failed to give consistent results. A possible explanation may consist on the fact that many tools widely used to explore psychological features were not specifically designed for obese patients and none of them was comprehensive of all possible psychological features involved. The identification of well-defined subgroups of patients and the validation of more reliable and comprehensive tools, specifically designed for obese subjects, should be forecasted in order to reach a better knowledge of psychological functioning of obese individuals and to improve the outcome of weight loss programs.展开更多
目的对中枢性性早熟儿童心理社会状态的相关研究进行范围综述,以期为今后的干预提供参考。方法系统检索建库至2022年9月Web of Science、PubMed、MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、美国临床试验数据库、美国食品药品监督管理局网站、中国生...目的对中枢性性早熟儿童心理社会状态的相关研究进行范围综述,以期为今后的干预提供参考。方法系统检索建库至2022年9月Web of Science、PubMed、MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、美国临床试验数据库、美国食品药品监督管理局网站、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普、万方数据库的文献,筛选对中枢性性早熟儿童的心理状态、感受、经历等进行研究的文献,对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入19篇文献,发表国家分别为中国(12篇)、美国(2篇)、比利时(2篇)、韩国(2篇)、土耳其(1篇);研究对象为女童的有14篇。11篇采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、3篇采用儿童生存质量普适性核心量表(Peds QL 4.0)、3篇采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)评价。结论中枢性性早熟对儿童心理社会状况均存在不同程度的影响。而目前针对中枢性性早熟女童的研究较多,鲜有报道中枢性性早熟男童和外周性性早熟儿童的研究。目前缺乏有效的工具来测量中枢性性早熟儿童的健康相关生活质量,因此限制了中枢性性早熟对健康相关生活质量影响的研究。还需要进一步的研究来评估中枢性性早熟儿童的健康相关生活质量是否随着治疗而改善。展开更多
目的调查哮喘儿童心理和行为特点,为临床心理行为干预治疗提供参考依据。方法采用Achen-bach儿童行为评定量表（Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL）和慢性病儿童应对方式量表（Cop ingW ith a D is-ease,COD I）对143例在重庆...目的调查哮喘儿童心理和行为特点,为临床心理行为干预治疗提供参考依据。方法采用Achen-bach儿童行为评定量表（Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL）和慢性病儿童应对方式量表（Cop ingW ith a D is-ease,COD I）对143例在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院哮喘中心确诊并系统管理的8~16岁哮喘儿童行为问题和应对方式进行测试,同时采用一般情况调查表对其社会心理行为因素进行了调查。结果哮喘儿童行为异常率为33.57%,显著高于全国常模（12.97%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。主要表现为社交退缩倾向、社交能力降低、人际交往不良、强迫性、焦虑、过分依赖等。患儿年龄、家庭结构、教养方式不同,其行为问题和应对方式也不完全相同。结论哮喘儿童在社会交往能力方面存在缺陷,应对方式不成熟,行为问题发生率较高。医护人员应有针对性地进行心理疏导和治疗,以预防和矫治不良行为,提高心理应对能力,培养良好性格,促进哮喘儿童身心健康发展。展开更多
文摘Obesity is a multifactorial disease and the prominent factors playing a role in its pathogenesis are biological, environmental and psychological. There is a growing interest in understanding psychological functioning of obese subjects and the influence of psychological factors on treatment outcome. The aim of the present narrative review is to critically analyze the current literature, in order to point out the most common psychological constructs studied in obesity and to give an overview of the main existing tools investigating psychological features which have been considered significant for the prediction of success in weight loss and maintenance programs in obese patients. In this framework, the most common psychological constructs studied are: self-motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, health related quality of life, self-esteem, self-control, concerns about body image, outcome expectations, and personality traits. These features have been explored through a wide variety of psychometric instruments. However, as an overall, studies evaluating the association between psychological features and treatment outcome failed to give consistent results. A possible explanation may consist on the fact that many tools widely used to explore psychological features were not specifically designed for obese patients and none of them was comprehensive of all possible psychological features involved. The identification of well-defined subgroups of patients and the validation of more reliable and comprehensive tools, specifically designed for obese subjects, should be forecasted in order to reach a better knowledge of psychological functioning of obese individuals and to improve the outcome of weight loss programs.
文摘目的调查哮喘儿童心理和行为特点,为临床心理行为干预治疗提供参考依据。方法采用Achen-bach儿童行为评定量表（Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL）和慢性病儿童应对方式量表（Cop ingW ith a D is-ease,COD I）对143例在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院哮喘中心确诊并系统管理的8~16岁哮喘儿童行为问题和应对方式进行测试,同时采用一般情况调查表对其社会心理行为因素进行了调查。结果哮喘儿童行为异常率为33.57%,显著高于全国常模（12.97%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。主要表现为社交退缩倾向、社交能力降低、人际交往不良、强迫性、焦虑、过分依赖等。患儿年龄、家庭结构、教养方式不同,其行为问题和应对方式也不完全相同。结论哮喘儿童在社会交往能力方面存在缺陷,应对方式不成熟,行为问题发生率较高。医护人员应有针对性地进行心理疏导和治疗,以预防和矫治不良行为,提高心理应对能力,培养良好性格,促进哮喘儿童身心健康发展。
