Ecosystem Service Value Assessment of Wutong Mountain Rhododendron moulmainense Ecological Landscape Forest in Shenzhen City in 2021

Taking Wutong Mountain Rhododendron moulmainense ecological landscape forest in Shenzhen City as an example,the value of the forest was assessed by constructing an ecological service value assessment system and accounting method.The assessment results showed that the total ecosystem service value of R.moulmainense ecological landscape forest was 13.195 billion yuan,and the top three services included the value of forestry products,the value of biodiversity maintenance and the value of leisure and recreation,indicating that the ecosystem service of Wutong Mountain R.moulmainense ecological landscape forest in Shenzhen has great ecological and economic value,especially in forestry products,biodiversity maintenance,and leisure and recreation.

Value Assessment of Ecosystem Service Function of Ecological Public Welfare Forests in Wenchang City

Based on the measurement parameters and index in the Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008),the value of ecological service functions of ecological public welfare forest in Wenchang City was evaluated and analyzed.The results show that the total value of ecosystem service function of ecological public welfare forests in Wenchang City is about 4.020 billion yuan,of which storage capacity,water purification,soil fixation,fertilizer(N,P and K fertilizer) conservation,carbon sequestration,oxygen release,forest nutrient accumulation,providing anion,absorbing SO_2,absorbing fluoride,absorbing NxO,absorbing soil heavy metals,dust retention,noise reduction,sterilization,forest protection,forest biodiversity protection,and forest recreation(ecological tourism) are about 1.510 billion,582.256 million,3.769 million,268.220 million,116.360 million,2.747 million,22.682 million,42.817 million,1.722 million,74,600,131,900,187.918 million,77.409 million,28.721 million,43.090 million,180.696 million,571.036 million,and 108.677 million yuan

Assessment on Qilihai Wetland Value in Tianjin City

[Objective]The study aimed at assessing the whole value of Qilihai Wetland in Tianjin City.[Method]In this study,the whole value of Qilihai Wetland was divided into two parts,namely use value and non-use value.The use value of Qilihai Wetland was estimated by market value,travel cost,shadow project method and so forth,and the non-use value of Qilihai Wetland was assessed by contingent valuation method.[Result]The total value of Qilihai Wetland reached 1.892 billion yuan,wherein the direct use value,including animal and plant products,tourism,scientific and cultural value,was 0.539 billion yuan,accounting for 28% of total value;the indirect use value,composed of functional values in hydrology,water quality,erosion control,CO2 fixation and habitats,was up to 0.965 billion yuan,making up 51%;the non-use value totaled 0.388 billion yuan,taking up 21%.In addition,the ecological benefit of Qilihai Wetland was the maximum,accounting for 72% of total benefit,followed by economic benefit（21%）,while the social benefit was the minimum（9%）.[Conclusion]The results can provide scientific references for the effective conservation and sustainable utilization of Qilihai Wetland.

A Preliminary Exploration of the Functional Value Assessment of Ecosystem Services in Aral City

Using the principles and methods of eco-economics as the research object,Aral City comprehensively expounds the ecological service functions such as ecosystem regulation of climate,carbon sequestration,soil conservation,water conservation and purification environment,and evaluates its economic value.The total value of the estimated 2021 is 1303.65 million yuan.At the same time,the importance of ecological service functions of urban ecosystems,from large to small,is to sequester carbon and release oxygen,purify the environment,maintain soil,conserd water sources,regulate the climate.The ecosystem service function which needs to be paid attention to in the concept of ecological construction and restoration of the next stage of ecological construction in Aral City.

Value Assessment of the Lake Honghu Wetland and Protection of Its Biodiversity

A wetland ecosystem's value may be considered as the value derived from its natural resources, the value derived from its eco-environment, the value for special protection and values in cultural, research and educational aspects. Lake Honghu, in the heartland of Hubei Province, covers a vast but shallow body of water and surrounding marshlands. It is conducive to farmland irrigation, flooding regulation, adjustment of the local climate and self-purification of the water quality. Because of its benign functions, the native ecosystem of the lake is ecologically sound, and the thriving wildlife in its ecosystem makes it a primordial pool of biodiversity. Besides, it is possible to transform it into a national base for environmental education and an R&D center for freshwater organisms, so that it can play a constructive role in heightening the public's awareness of environmental protection.

Resources of Colored-leaf Trees and Their Phenological Ornamental Characteristics in Lhasa City

By using biological five points,expert consultation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,the species,phenological ornamental characteristics,and landscape application of colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City were surveyed systematically. The results show that there are 42 species of colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City,belonging to 31 genera and 18 families,of which there are 5,19,and 18 species of spring,autumn,and common colored-leaf trees,accounting for 11.90%,45.24% and 42.86% of total number of the investigated tree species respectively. It is clearly seen that there are too few species of spring colored-leaf trees in the city. There are 19 and 17 species of trees possessing red and yellow leaves,while the leaves of other 6 species of colored-leaf trees are shown in other colors,and the number of their species accounts for 45.24%,40.48% and 14.28% of total number of the investigated tree species respectively. The best ornamental periods of spring,autumn and common colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City average 38.4,41.8 and 251.8 d respectively. Prunus cerasifera Ehrhar f. atropurpurea Rehd.,Ulmus pumila L.,Populus × beijingensis W. Y. Hsu,and Salix alba are applied most frequently in Lhasa City,and their relative frequency is 18.67%,10.29%,9.91% and 8.95% respectively. According to the comprehensive assessment value of their ornamental characteristics,the ornamental characteristics of 15 species of colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City are good or very good,and there is a positive correlation between the comprehensive assessment value and relative frequency. Based on the investigation,the current application situation and problems of colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City were analyzed,and solutions to the problems were proposed.

濮阳市城市森林生态功能价值评估

在2006年濮阳市城市林业资源调查的基础上,借鉴有关评价森林生态效益的方法,选取对城市环境影响较大的6个方面,即吸收CO2、释放O2、净化环境、旅游休闲、野生动物保护和节能减排,初步估算出濮阳市城市森林生态功能效益年总价值约为29.51亿元。

Value Assessment of Airport Billboards Based on Passenger Big Data

As an important element of the airport ecosystem,airport billboards are playing a crucial role in publicizing the city image and facilitating humanistic airport construction.At the same time,airport billboards have great commercial value and is a popular channel for enterprises to prompt their products and to build their brand image.Currently,most airports in China adopt a simple fixed pricing mechanism for airport billboards.Specifically,for any type of billboard,the advertising price is mainly determined by considering historical prices and the total passenger flow of the entire airport during a whole year.However,this seemingly crude pricing mechanism only considers macro-level data of passenger flow and fails in reflecting the real value of billboards in different locations effectively,since the value of a particular billboard depends not only on its media form,but also on the number of passengers flowing through and whether these passengers are the target customers of the advertising content.Based on big data on airport layout,flight information,and passenger attributes,this paper proposes a time-and location-based value assessment model for airport billboards.Using sample data collected from the Beijing Capital International Airport,the assessment model is adopted to evaluate the value of two real billboards in Terminal T3.Application of this model can reflect the difference in the value of airport billboards located in different spots during various periods.Furthermore,this model provides a solid foundation for airport executives to develop differentiated/dynamic pricing and flexible advertisement scheduling strategies,thereby improving the overall efficiency.

Performance-based firefighting in dense historic settlements: An exploration of a firefighting approach combining value and risk assessment with numerical simulation

In view of the fire problems left in dense historical settlements in China,such as fire hazards that are prone to fires,difficulties in fighting fires,and the incomplete applicability of current fire codes due to the high historical value of buildings,this paper proposes a scientific and systematic performance-based fire protection method that gives priority to value preservation.This method is applied to dense historical settlements,and the effectiveness of this method is verified by evaluating the results of fire protection planning and renovation through multiple rounds of computer numerical simulation.The results show that in a connected cluster of buildings,one of the fire retrofitting requirements in the horizontal or vertical direction needs to be met between two adjacent buildings to ensure that the fire does not spread,and the retrofitting direction has to be selected based on the value and risk assessment results.When dense historical clusters are renovated for fire prevention planning,the optimal renovation path to meet fire safety can be effectively selected based on the method proposed in this paper.

Industrial Heritage Protection in the Period of Inventory Planning

After entering the 21 st century,under the influence of urbanization and industrial transformation,China's industrial heritage protection is faced with enormous challenges.In the next 10 years,China's urban planning will enter a turning period from increment planning to inventory planning.Among objects of effective land use,industrial use will stand in the breach,which pushes the industrial heritage to the crossroad of protection or non-protection.Therefore,it is essential to study how to effectively use industrial land under the premise of protecting industrial heritage value.In view of these issues,this paper presents some thoughts about how to protect cultural value of industrial heritage in the period of inventory planning.

Policy Suggestions on Procurement of Basic Infusion Against the Background of Volume Procurement

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of basic infusion packaging materials for providing suggestions on formulating basic infusion volume procurement policies.Methods Combined with market data,questionnaire surveys were used to rank different basic infusion packaging materials.Pharmacists,nurses,and experts in the field of packaging respectively assess the safety,compatibility,effectiveness,convenience,and environmental friendliness of the materials.Results and Conclusion Products with the best clinical value have a lower market share than other products with average clinical value.The best three packaging materials only account for 15%of the market share.The order of clinical value from good to bad is inner-sealed polypropylene infusion bag(BFS)>soft aseptic bag with double valves and layers>upright polypropylene infusion bag>non-PVC soft bag>plastic bottle>glass bottle.The order of market share is non-PVC soft bag>soft aseptic bag with double valves and layers>plastic bottle>vertical polypropylene infusion bag>inner-sealed polypropylene infusion bag(BFS)>glass bottle.Therefore,the clinical values of various basic infusion packaging materials are different.The following countermeasures are put forward such as separating bidding for basic infusions with different packaging materials,combining volume and price with procurement,and priority procurement of packaging materials with better clinical values.

Controversies on the Values for Health Instruments of Chinese Medicine

Currently, there are increasing debates on the necessity of health instruments in Chinese medicine（CM） emerging in China. This study aims to reevaluate its status and values. Analyzing the causes, limits, advantages, and properties characters of health instruments in CM, it is found that weak fundamental research, incomplete self-awareness, and complicated social factors are the primary causes of debates. A comprehensive analysis showed health instruments in CM have health evaluation benefits to people from a dominant Chinese culture, meet the requirements of cultural background, and bring long-term value to Chinese instrument researches. However, its values and status should be treated differently depending on various subtypes. Although little theoretical and practical evidences proved that patients-reported health instruments in CM should be proposed independently, the doctors- and nurses-reported questionnaires are necessary. With this in mind, the study group proposes the ＇Chinese cultural instruments（CCIs）＇ and ＇health-related CCIs＇. The latter one aims to evaluate the health status of people in a dominant Chinese culture. The CCIs theory represents Chinese instrument researches on a larger regional and higher level, and resolves the debates on instruments between CM and Western medicine in China. Health instruments in CM bring more scientific and social benefits for Chinese instrument researches. However, it does not include cultural demands, and lacks scientific significance. CCIs have all its virtues, and add solutions to the latter＇s theory bottleneck and scientific debates, thus bringing increased benefits to clinical assessment in complementary and alternative medicine researches.

Defining Local Heritages in Preserving Modern Shanghai Architecture

The notion that local heritage can be defined by the‘collective memory’of a city may be considered as being simplistic nowadays.Heritage is increasingly recognised as knowledge,a cultural product or even a political resource set within specific social circumstances.The local heritage underpins various ways of relating our past with our present and future,which are often much more complicated than we can imagine.The evolution of the conser­vation of Shanghai’s modern heritage architecture shows this complexity.By tracing more than 50 years’progress in historic preservation,this paper shows how historical buildings from Shanghai’s early modern period were selected as urban heritage in the changing socio-political contexts of different time periods.Starting with how the first mod­ern buildings were listed in a new Chinese narrative in the 1950s,this paper focuses on the great ideological changes and progress Shanghai achieved after China’s reform and opening policy since the 1980s.Emphasising the great significance of the establishment of local legislation for historic preservation as an extension of the national system,examples of the great enrichment of Shanghai’s local heritage are presented through multiple narratives and inter­pretations of Shanghai’s modern history.In a deeper observation of various practices and complicated contradic­tions,the historic preservation of Shanghai’s modern heritage architecture is shown to be a process of continuing to reconstruct the relationships between city and the State,the city and the world,as well as the city's past,present and future in a pluralist society.

Specific absorbed fractions of electrons and photons for Rad-HUMAN phantom using Monte Carlo method

The specific absorbed fractions（SAF） for self- and cross-irradiation are effective tools for the internal dose estimation of inhalation and ingestion intakes of radionuclides. A set of SAFs of photons and electrons were calculated using the Rad-HUMAN phantom, which is a computational voxel phantom of a Chinese adult female that was created using the color photographic image of the Chinese Visible Human（CVH） data set by the FDS Team. The model can represent most Chinese adult female anatomical characteristics and can be taken as an individual phantom to investigate the difference of internal dose with Caucasians. In this study, the emission of mono-energetic photons and electrons of 10 ke V to 4 Me V energy were calculated using the Monte Carlo particle transport calculation code MCNP. Results were compared with the values from ICRP reference and ORNL models. The results showed that SAF from the Rad-HUMAN have similar trends but are larger than those from the other two models. The differences were due to the racial and anatomical differences in organ mass and inter-organ distance. The SAFs based on the Rad-HUMAN phantom provide an accurate and reliable data for internal radiation dose calculations for Chinese females.