Regional Rainfall Damage Functions to Estimate Direct Economic Losses in Rainstorms:A Case Study of the 2016 Extreme Rainfall Event in Hebei Province of China

Developing a regional damage function to quickly estimate direct economic losses(DELs)caused by heavy rain and foods is crucial for providing scientifc supports in efective disaster response and risk reduction.This study investigated the factors that infuence regional rainfall-induced damage and developed a calibrated regional rainfall damage function(RDF)using data from the 2016 extreme rainfall event in Hebei Province,China.The analysis revealed that total precipitation,asset value exposure,per capita GDP,and historical geological disaster density at both the township and county levels signifcantly afect regional rainfall-induced damage.The coefcients of the calibrated RDF indicate that doubling the values of these factors leads to varying increases or decreases in rainfall-induced damage.Furthermore,the study demonstrated a spatial scale dependency in the coefcients of the RDF,with increased elasticity values for asset value exposure and per capita GDP at the county level compared to the township level.The fndings emphasize the challenges of applying RDFs across multiple scales and highlight the importance of considering socioeconomic factors in assessing rainfall-induced damage.Despite the limitations and uncertainties of the RDF developed,this study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between physical and socioeconomic factors and rainfall-induced damage.Future research should prioritize enhancing exposure estimation and calibrating RDFs for various types of rainfall-induced disasters to improve model accuracy and performance.The study also acknowledges the variation in RDF performance across diferent physical environments,especially concerning geological disasters and slope stability.

The Prediction Analysis of Customer Lifetime Value in Business to Business Enterprise

The measurement of customer assets value has become a significant task in the field of marketing. Although a series of achievements have been formed, the deeper research is still needed in the following aspects： how to build parameter estimation model of various variables based on the interaction among customer assets elements and how to get the scientific and available measured data. In order to solve these problems, this paper, based on the characteristics of customer relationship in Business to Business （B to B） enterprise and the analysis of the variable factors in the interactive models will systematically and practically use the seemingly unrelated regression method to construct three main parameters estimation models in the customer assets measurement model, and prove the feasibility of the model through a case study. Research results show that measurement model system constructed by this method solves the problem of interaction and germination among parameters influencing factors. At the same time, factors concentration simplifies data sources to ensure the reliability and objectivity of the data, and thus improve the accuracy and feasibility of the estimation of customer assets value.

The Impact of Carbon Emissions on Asset Values and Operating Cash Flows： Evidence From Australian Listed Companies

In November 2011, the Australian government approved the legislation （Clean Energy Act 2011） to introduce a reduction plan of carbon emissions in Australia. This plan will be implemented from July 2012. This is one of the first accounting studies to investigate the potential impacts of this plan on long-lived asset values and operating cash flows for Australian listed companies. A sample of Australian Securities Exchange （ASX） 200 indexed companies from 2＇006 to 2010 is used. Hypotheses are tested based on Heckman＇s （1979） two-stage approach. Three regression models are developed to examine the association between carbon emissions and asset values/operating cash flows. This study finds that asset values and operating cash flows will be adversely affected, if the reduction plan is implemented. Specifically, this study finds that the book value of long-lived assets will decrease, if listed companies are considered to be emissions-liable. The book value of long-lived assets is further found to be negatively associated with listed companies＇ carbon emission levels. This study also demonstrates that operating cash flows of emissions-liable companies will be adversely affected. However, this study does not find a relationship between operating cash flows and companies＇ emission levels. The empirical findings from Australian listed companies provide the evidence that the reduction plan of carbon emissions will adversely affect corporate entities＇ asset values and operating cash flows. The results further indicate that the magnitude of the impact will be proportional to the companies＇ emission levels. The implications of these empirical findings for listed companies, for the accounting profession, and for carbon emission regulators are also discussed.

Investigain:A Productive Asset Management Web Application

The Investigain is a progressive web application to make mutual funds investments through a Systematic Investment Plan.The application utilizes the web’s modern capabilities,such as Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(AJAX),JavaScript,and Hypertext Marker Language(HTML5).The application also uses a powerful relational database management system,such as MySQL,to display asset management information.The application has two portals,one for investors and one for a particular asset manager or asset management company.Each investor has an account in the investor portal.The investor can view his/her profile,current balance,balance history,dividends,the units of mutual funds bought,unit price,the value of each mutual fund,and can pay installments using an embedded online payment gateway.Asset managers can monitor all investments,manage user accounts,and reimburse dividends using the admin portal.This paper also presents the experimental results of using the Investigain application,compares them with existing systems,and details the application’s prospect to improve its socio-economic conditions.The system’s frontend is designed with Bootstrap and jQuery frameworks.The backend is designed using Hypertext Preprocessor(PHP)server-side scripting language.The system demonstrated increased satisfaction from its clients.

How to Offset Interior Debts in Consolidated Financial Statement for Reformed Group Enterprises

The content items to be offset of the reformed debt in consolidated financial statement of the operation occurred inside the group of enterprise is different from other general inner trades such as the sale of the stock or fixed asset, etc.. Through the reformed debt, the debtor and creditor have erased debt and credit on their bookkeeping. What to be offset are the capital reserve and the changed value of the asset. In this paper, the offsetting method of such items will be discussed.

Determinants of market price of stock： A study on bank leasing and insurance companies of Bangladesh

Financial firms make up a substantial fraction of the domestic equity market. A number of studies subsequently used different conceptual and methodological approaches to model equity return of financial services firms. Movement of the stock price as the consequence of the movement of the micro and macroeconomic factors is strongly supported by the literature review. Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh is inefficient in weak form. Multiple regression analysis is conducted to find out the relationship microeconomic factors with the stock price. In this study found a significant linear relationship among market return and some microeconomic factors such as net asset value per share, dividend percentage, earning per share of bank leasing and insurance companies. Also found non-linear relationship among the variables is insignificant at 95 percent level of significance.

Ecotourism Development and Biodiversity Conservation in Sri Lanka: Objectives, Conflicts and Resolutions

Biodiversity conservation and sustainably utilizing natural resources improve the benefits of ecotourism development. Ecotourism development makes values for sustainably using biodiversity creating economic development opportunities. This study reviews literature and reveals objectives, conflicts and resolutions for achieving biodiversity conservation through ecotourism development in Sri Lanka. This paper describes conservation objectives in terms of preserving and fostering biodiversity, habitat restoration and managing biodiversity, and making values for natural assets through ecotourism activities. Degradation and destruction of habitat, overexploitation and illegal extraction of species, emissions of greenhouse gasses for climate change, contamination and pollution of the environment, and spread of exotic species are identified as the main conflicts. Conservation resolutions are discussed on education and awareness-raising activities for biodiversity conservation, in-situ conservation and ex-situ preservation of species, integrating biodiversity into ecotourism development, integrating management of biodiversity and ecotourism, linking ecotourism industry and conservation organizations, ecotourism policy and legislations for biodiversity conservation, and imposition of rules and regulations. Policy solutions and building capacity among institutions and other stakeholders for governance and sustainable conservation of biodiversity are key for sustainable ecotourism development.

Effect of urban transformation on the values of historic sites around mosques:Two cases in Manisa,Turkey

This study presents a framework for assessing the cultural asset values of historic sites around mosques.Case studies are selected from provinces of Manisa,Turkey,namely,Carsi in Salihli with its new urban development and Pazaryeri in Gordes that is abandoned and currently considered as an archaeological site.Literature review,archive research,historical research,comparative study,and site survey are carried out to evaluate the urban development of site neighborhoods with a retrospective perspective.An approach presenting the effects of urban transformations on the cultural asset values of the historic neighborhood centers is proposed.The cases reveal that the urban aesthetic is nearly all lost today,but the holiness of each site preserves its authenticity while the historic land use is sustained.Their preservation problems are lack of maintenance and abandonment due to disasters,illegal interve ntions,in appropriate development plans,and unsuitable restoration approaches.The principles proposed for managing these historic environments consider their cultural asset values in relation to urban history,development of coherent strategies for their presentation,and participation of all actors to their preservation and development.

Flash Flood Risk Assessment and Driving Factors:A Case Study of the Yantanxi River Basin,Southeastern China

In the context of climate change,the impact of extreme precipitation and its chain effects has intensified in the southeastern coastal region of China,posing a serious threat to the socioeconomic development in the region.This study took tropical cyclones–extreme precipitation–flash floods as an example to carry out a risk assessment of flash floods under climate change in the Yantanxi River Basin,southeastern China.To obtain the flash flood inundation characteristics through hydrologic–hydrodynamic modeling,the study combined representative concentration pathway(RCP)and shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)scenarios to examine the change of flash flood risk and used the geographical detector to explore the driving factors behind the change.The results show that flash flood risk in the Yantanxi River Basin will significantly increase,and that socioeconomic factors and precipitation are the main driving forces.Under the RCP4.5-SSP2 and RCP8.5-SSP5 scenarios,the risk of flash floods is expected to increase by 88.79%and 95.57%,respectively.The main drivers in the case study area are GDP density(q=0.85),process rainfall(q=0.74),asset density(q=0.68),and population density(q=0.67).The study highlights the influence of socioeconomic factors on the change of flash flood disaster risk in small river basins.Our findings also provide a reference for regional planning and construction of flood control facilities in flash flood-prone areas,which may help to reduce the risk of flash floods.