观察LISA技术联合NCPAP治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的有效性

目的 分析新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征采取侵入性肺表面活性物质治疗(Less Invasive Surfactant Administration,LISA)技术联合经鼻持续气道正压(Transnasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure,NCPAP)的有效性。方法 随机选取2021年4月—2023年6月济宁市第一人民医院儿科80例新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿为研究对象,采取抽签法分为分析组和参照组,每组40例。分析组采取LISA技术联合NCPAP治疗,参照组采取气管插管肺表面活性物质灌注治疗,对比两组治疗效果。结果 治疗后,分析组治疗总有效率(95.00%)高于参照组(75.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.274,P=0.012)。治疗后,分析组机械通气时间、住院时间、吸氧时间均短于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,分析组晚期氧化蛋白产物(Advanced Oxidation Protein Products,AOPPs)水平低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,分析组血气指标及肺循环功能指标均优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。分析组不良反应总发生率低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 LISA技术联合NCPAP治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征有利于改善新生儿血氧指标,改善患儿肺功能循环,缩短新生儿机械通气时间,减少不良反应的发生。

基于子模型技术的LISA中肘杆机构拓扑优化

激光干涉空间天线LISA(laser interferometer space antenna)作为空间引力波探测任务装备,其结构的轻量化设计是重要问题之一。基于子模型分析技术,采用固体各向同性材料惩罚(SIMP)模型插值变密度法,对LISA中肘杆机构的上下肘杆进行了拓扑优化设计;将肘杆的应力作为约束条件,并以肘杆结构的柔度最小化和质量最小化为优化目标,构建肘杆拓扑优化的数学模型,得到了肘杆构件的最优拓扑结构。优化后的上下肘杆质量分别降低了41.89%和32.31%,且优化后的肘杆机构应力和位移均满足设计要求,为进一步设计和实验研究提供参考。

LISA技术治疗超低出生体质量儿呼吸窘迫综合征28例

目的探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP)下经微管气管内注入肺表面活性物质(less invasive surfactant administration,LISA)技术在超低出生体质量儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)治疗中的应用与疗效。方法采取前瞻性研究方法,选取潍坊市妇幼保健院新生儿科重症监护病房(neonatalintensive careunit,NICU)2019年7月至2021年4月收治的超低出生体质量儿(58例)为研究对象。应用随机数字表法分为LISA组(28例)和气管插管-注入PS-拔管给予经鼻持续气道正压通气(intubation-surfactant-extubation,INSURE)组(30例)。LISA组采用LISA技术,在nCPAP下,气管内置入微管并注入肺表面活性物质(pulmonarysurfactant,PS);INSURE组采用INSURE技术,拔管后给予nCPAP辅助通气。观察并比较两组病儿给药过程、给药前后呼吸机参数、动脉血气、用氧时间及并发症的发生率。结果LISA组病儿72 h内机械通气率低于INSURE组,差异有统计学意义(21.4%比46.7%,P=0.043);LISA组病儿住院期间无创正压通气时间(404.50 h比483.50 h,P=0.033)及总用氧时间(520.00 h比612.50 h,P=0.040)低于INSURE组;LISA组给药1 h后动脉血氧分压(arterial partialpressureof O_(2),PaO_(2))变化高于INSURE组[(54.29±5.69)mmHg比(52.87±3.27)mmHg,P=0.038],差异有统计学意义;LISA组支气管肺发育不良(25.0%比53.3%,P=0.028)及有血流动力学意义的动脉导管未闭发生率(28.6%比56.7%,P=0.031)低于INSURE组,均差异有统计学意义。结论在超低出生体质量儿RDS治疗中,LISA技术在减少72 h内机械通气率、住院期间用氧时间、近期并发症等方面具有优势,是一种安全有效的治疗超低出生体质量儿RDS的方法。

LISA技术治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效及对血气分析的影响

目的探讨微创肺表面活性物质注入(less invasive surfactant administration,LISA)技术治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)的临床疗效、并发症及对血气分析的影响。方法选取2019年12月1日至2022年8月1日金华市中心医院收治的100例需行肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)气管内注射给药的NRDS患儿,根据随机数字表法将患儿分为试验组(50例)和对照组(50例)。试验组患儿采用LISA技术进行PS治疗,对照组患儿采用气管插管-气管内滴入PS-拔管后经鼻持续气道正压通气技术进行PS治疗。比较两组患儿的临床治疗效果、血气指标、无创辅助通气时间、住院天数及并发症发生率。结果试验组患儿治疗总有效率高于对照组;PS治疗后1h试验组患儿的氧分压、血氧饱和度高于对照组,二氧化碳分压低于对照组;试验组患儿无创辅助通气时间短于对照组;支气管肺发育不良发生率低于对照组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用LISA技术进行PS治疗NRDS,可改善患儿的血气指标、缩短无创辅助通气时间、提高诊疗效果,降低支气管肺发育不良的风险,且不增加气管黏膜损伤、肺出血等并发症的发生率。

A micro-crosslinked amphoteric hydrophobic association copolymer as high temperature-and salt-resistance fluid loss reducer for water-based drilling fluids

During ultradeep oil and gas drilling,fluid loss reducers are highly important for water-based drilling fluids,while preparing high temperature-and salt-resistance fluid loss reducers with excellent rheology and filtration performance remains a challenge.Herein,a micro-crosslinked amphoteric hydrophobic association copolymer(i.e.,DADC)was synthesized using N,N-dimethyl acrylamide,diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid,hydrophobic monomer,and pentaerythritol triallyl ether crosslinker.Due to the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonds,electrostatic interaction,hydrophobic association,and micro-crosslinking,the DADC copolymer exhibited outstanding temperature-and salt-resistance.The rheological experiments have shown that the DADC copolymer had excellent shear dilution performance and a certain degree of salt-responsive viscosity-increasing performance.The DADC copolymer could effectively adsorb on the surface of bentonite particles through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds,which bring more negative charge to the bentonite,thus improving the hydration and dispersion of bentonite particles as well as the colloidal stability of the drilling fluids.Moreover,the drilling fluids constructed based on the DADC copolymer exhibited satisfactory rheological and filtration properties(FLHTHP=12 m L)after aging at high temperatures(up to200℃)and high salinity(saturated salt)environments.Therefore,this work provided new insights into designing and fabricating high-performance drilling fluid treatment agents,demonstrating good potential applications in deep and ultradeep drilling engineering.

Distribution and dynamics of niche and interspecific association of dominant phytoplankton species in the Feiyun River basin,Zhejiang,China

To investigate the dominant species and interspecific association in the phytoplankton community of the Feiyun River basin in Zhejiang Province,East China,the main stream and the Shanxi Zhaoshandu Reservoir in the downstream were chosen as the study area,for which 22 sampling sites were designated.Sampling was conducted in September 2021,January,May,and July 2022.Phytoplankton species were identified from both quantitative samples and in-vivo observations.Phytoplankton was quantified by direct counting.Results show that there were 98 species belonging to 6 phyla and 78 genera.In addition,to clarify the niches of the dominant phytoplankton species and their interspecific association,the dominance index was calculated,and a comprehensive analysis was conducted including niche width,niche overlap value,ecological response rate,overall association,chi-square test,and the stability.The phytoplankton community exhibited characteristics of a Cyanobacteria-Chlorophyta-Diatom type community,showing higher diversity in spring and lower diversity in summer.Among 11 dominants phytoplankton species from 3 phyla,both frequency and dominance degree varied seasonally,of which Microcystis sp.was the dominant species in Spring,Autumn,and Winter.The niche widths of the dominant species ranged from 0.234 to 0.933,and were categorized into three groups.The niche overlap values of the 11 dominant species ranged from 0.359 to 0.959,exhibiting significant seasonal differences-highest in winter followed by autumn,spring,and summer in turn.The overall correlation among dominant species in all four seasons revealed a non-significant negative association,resulting in an unstable community structure.A significant portion(84.2%)of species pairs displayed positive associations,suggesting a successional pattern where Diatoms dominated while other dominant species shared resources and space.Despite this pattern,stability measurements indicated that the dominant species community remained unstable.Therefore,careful monitoring is recommended for potential water environment issues arising from abnormal proliferation of dominant species in the watershed during winter.This research built a theoretical foundation with a data support to the early warning of eutrophication and provided a reference for water resources management in similar watersheds along the eastern coast of China.

Strengthening Active Aging through Older People’s Association and Economic Activity of the Older People in Nepal

Aging is a natural lifelong process ending in death. Many older people are living in poverty. Older people are generally considered dependent on others as they grow older. The purpose of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship activities of Nepalese older adults. Data for this study were collected from the project Help Age International (HAI) implemented in Nepal. Qualitative data observations and interviews were used to collect data. The findings of this study show the formation of the Older People’s Association (OPA) has supported many older people to participate outside the home in various social activities. Moreover, regular deposits through OPAs offer little help. OPAs support older people in their need of financial support to implement minor entrepreneurship. Older people who received support were pleased and were actively involved in their activities and also regularly deposited money in them. Subsequently, older people’s participation in social activities has increased and also helped to lower elderly abuse, loneliness, and depression. Local governments should promote such activities which will help with healthy aging.

THAPE: A Tunable Hybrid Associative Predictive Engine Approach for Enhancing Rule Interpretability in Association Rule Learning for the Retail Sector

Association rule learning(ARL)is a widely used technique for discovering relationships within datasets.However,it often generates excessive irrelevant or ambiguous rules.Therefore,post-processing is crucial not only for removing irrelevant or redundant rules but also for uncovering hidden associations that impact other factors.Recently,several post-processing methods have been proposed,each with its own strengths and weaknesses.In this paper,we propose THAPE(Tunable Hybrid Associative Predictive Engine),which combines descriptive and predictive techniques.By leveraging both techniques,our aim is to enhance the quality of analyzing generated rules.This includes removing irrelevant or redundant rules,uncovering interesting and useful rules,exploring hidden association rules that may affect other factors,and providing backtracking ability for a given product.The proposed approach offers a tailored method that suits specific goals for retailers,enabling them to gain a better understanding of customer behavior based on factual transactions in the target market.We applied THAPE to a real dataset as a case study in this paper to demonstrate its effectiveness.Through this application,we successfully mined a concise set of highly interesting and useful association rules.Out of the 11,265 rules generated,we identified 125 rules that are particularly relevant to the business context.These identified rules significantly improve the interpretability and usefulness of association rules for decision-making purposes.

Epistasis-aware genome-wide association studies provide insights into the efficient breeding of high-yield and high-quality rice

Marker-assisted selection(MAS)and genomic selection(GS)breeding have greatly improved the efficiency of rice breeding.Due to the influences of epistasis and gene pleiotropy,ensuring the actual breeding effect of MAS and GS is still a difficult challenge to overcome.In this study,113 indica rice varieties(V)and their 565 testcross hybrids(TC)were used as the materials to investigate the genetic basis of 12 quality traits and nine agronomic traits.The original traits and general combining ability of the parents,as well as the original traits and midparent heterosis of TC,were subjected to genome-wide association analysis.In total,381 primary significantly associated loci(SAL)and 1,759 secondary SALs that had epistatic interactions with these primary SALs were detected.Among these loci,322 candidate genes located within or nearby the SALs were screened,204 of which were cloned genes.A total of 39 MAS molecular modules that are beneficial for trait improvement were identified by pyramiding the superior haplotypes of candidate genes and desirable epistatic alleles of the secondary SALs.All the SALs were used to construct genetic networks,in which 91 pleiotropic loci were investigated.Additionally,we estimated the accuracy of genomic prediction in the parent V and TC by incorporating either no SALs,primary SALs,secondary SALs or epistatic effect SALs as covariates.Although the prediction accuracies of the four models were generally not significantly different in the TC dataset,the incorporation of primary SALs,secondary SALs,and epistatic effect SALs significantly improved the prediction accuracies of 5(26%),3(16%),and 11(58%)traits in the V dataset,respectively.These results suggested that SALs and epistatic effect SALs identified based on an additive genotype can provide considerable predictive power for the parental lines.They also provide insights into the genetic basis of complex traits and valuable information for molecular breeding in rice.

Demography and Socio-Economic Aspects on Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and Their Association with the Cultivation of Maize (Zea mays L.) as a Selected Field Crop

The purpose of this study is to correlate demography and socio-economic aspects at Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and their association with the Cultivation of Maize in order to determine its positive impacts at irrigated smallholders’ agricultural entrepreneurs’ household. Chi-square test was used as descriptive analysis method. The Fischer Exact tests were employed to test demography (gender, age, education, and income) in winter and summer production season of irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprises and their association with the cultivation of selected field crop (i.e. maize). The results show that gender results were not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.149, p = 0.011, and φ = 0.05, p = 0.392 in summer. As far as age is concern, it appears to be a statistically significant association between cultivating maize and age in winter, φ = 0.046, p = 0.730 in winter and φ = 0.172, p = 0.013. Education winter result not being statistically significant, the effect size showed a weak association, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.112, p = 0.305 and φ = 0.035, p = 0.948 in summer. Income result not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.049, p = 0.399 and φ = 0.081, p = 0.166 in summer. In conclusion, the study shows that the development of best management practices must be based on a comprehensive analysis of the livelihoods and irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprise farming styles of participating irrigated smallholder agricultural entrepreneurs.

Association between Placental Malaria and Severe Pre-Eclampsia in Two University Hospitals of Yaounde City

Context: Pre-eclampsia and placental malaria, are two diseases that share pathophysiological similarities, such as placental ischemia, endothelial dysfunction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the association between placental malaria lesions and severe pre-eclampsia. Methodology: We conducted a prospective analytical cross-sectional study in two University Hospitals in the city of Yaounde (Yaounde Central Hospital and the Gynaecological Obstetrics and Paediatrics Hospital), and in the laboratory of the Centre Pasteur in Yaounde over an eight-month period (1st January 2021 – 1st September 2021). All patients with pre-eclampsia diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension (ISSHP) and free of chronic metabolic or infectious pathology were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (mild pre-eclampsia) and group 2: severe pre-eclampsia. Socio-demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics specific to pre-eclampsia and placental malaria were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 software, Chi 2 was used to compare categorical variables, Student t-test was used to compare means, and logistic regression was used to assess the association between placental malaria lesions and PES. Results: The mean age of our study population was 29.93 ± 7.36 years versus 28.28 ± 7.18 years in patients with mild and severe pre-eclampsia respectively. Pre-eclampsia placental lesions (accelerated villous maturation, infarction) were significantly greater in patients with severe pre-eclampsia (p Conclusion: Placental malaria lesions were significantly associated with severe pre-eclampsia and increased the risk of developing severe pre-eclampsia placental lesions by a factor of 10.

Leveraging the potential of big genomic and phenotypic data for genome-wide association mapping in wheat

Genome-wide association mapping studies(GWAS)based on Big Data are a potential approach to improve marker-assisted selection in plant breeding.The number of available phenotypic and genomic data sets in which medium-sized populations of several hundred individuals have been studied is rapidly increasing.Combining these data and using them in GWAS could increase both the power of QTL discovery and the accuracy of estimation of underlying genetic effects,but is hindered by data heterogeneity and lack of interoperability.In this study,we used genomic and phenotypic data sets,focusing on Central European winter wheat populations evaluated for heading date.We explored strategies for integrating these data and subsequently the resulting potential for GWAS.Establishing interoperability between data sets was greatly aided by some overlapping genotypes and a linear relationship between the different phenotyping protocols,resulting in high quality integrated phenotypic data.In this context,genomic prediction proved to be a suitable tool to study relevance of interactions between genotypes and experimental series,which was low in our case.Contrary to expectations,fewer associations between markers and traits were found in the larger combined data than in the individual experimental series.However,the predictive power based on the marker-trait associations of the integrated data set was higher across data sets.Therefore,the results show that the integration of medium-sized to Big Data is an approach to increase the power to detect QTL in GWAS.The results encourage further efforts to standardize and share data in the plant breeding community.

Tree mycorrhizal associations determine how biodiversity,large trees,and environmental factors drive aboveground carbon stock in temperate forests

Biodiversity,large trees,and environmental conditions such as climate and soil have important effects on forest carbon stocks.However,recent studies in temperate forests suggest that the relative importance of these factors depends on tree mycorrhizal associations,whereby large-tree effects may be driven by ectomycorrhizal(EM)trees,diversity effects may be driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)trees,and environment effects may depend on differential climate and soil preferences of AM and EM trees.To test this hypothesis,we used forest-inventory data consisting of over 80,000 trees from 631 temperate-forest plots(30 m×30 m)across Northeast China to examine how biodiversity(species diversity and ecological uniqueness),large trees(top 1%of tree diameters),and environmental factors(climate and soil nutrients)differently regulate aboveground carbon stocks of AM trees,EM trees,and AM and EM trees combined(i.e.total aboveground carbon stock).We found that large trees had a positive effect on both AM and EM tree carbon stocks.However,biodiversity and environmental factors had opposite effects on AM vs.EM tree carbon stocks.Specifically,the two components of biodiversity had positive effects on AM tree carbon stocks,but negative effects on EM tree carbon stocks.Environmental heterogeneity(mean annual temperature and soil nutrients)also exhibited contrasting effects on AM and EM tree carbon stocks.Consequently,for the total carbon stock,the positive large-tree effect far surpasses the diversity and environment effect.This is mainly because when integrating AM and EM tree carbon stock into total carbon stock,the opposite diversity-effect(also environment-effect)on AM vs.EM tree carbon stock counteracts each other while the consistent positive large-tree effect on AM and EM tree carbon stock is amplified.In summary,this study emphasized a mycorrhizal viewpoint to better understand the determinants of overarching aboveground carbon profile across regional forests.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Cooked Rice Textural Attributes and Starch Physicochemical Properties in indica Rice

Rice cooking and eating qualities(CEQ)are mainly determined by cooked rice textural parameters and starch physicochemical properties.However,the genetic bases of grain texture and starch properties in rice have not been fully understood.We conducted a genome-wide association study for apparent amylose content(AAC),starch pasting viscosities,and cooked rice textural parameters using 279 indica rice accessions from the 3000 Rice Genome Project.We identified 26 QTLs in the whole population and detected single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)with the lowest P-value at the Waxy(Wx)locus for all traits except pasting temperature and cohesiveness.Additionally,we detected significant SNPs at the SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN6(SSG6)locus for AAC,setback(SB),hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness(CHEW),gumminess(GUM),and resilience.We subsequently divided the population using a SNP adjacent to the Waxy locus,and identified 23 QTLs and 12 QTLs in two sub-panels,WxT and WxA,respectively.In these sub-panels,SSG6 was also identified to be associated with pasting parameters,including peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity,cold paste viscosity,and consistency viscosity.Furthermore,a candidate gene encoding monosaccharide transporter 5(OsMST5)was identified to be associated with AAC,breakdown,SB,CHEW,and GUM.In total,39 QTLs were co-localized with known genes or previously reported QTLs.These identified genes and QTLs provide valuable information for genetic manipulation to improve rice CEQ.

Genome-wide association study of seedling nitrogen-use efficiency-associated traits in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Nitrogen(N)fertilizer application is essential for crop-plant growth and development.Identifying genetic loci associated with N-use efficiency(NUE)could increase wheat yields and reduce environmental pollution caused by overfertilization.We subjected a panel of 389 wheat accessions to N and chlorate(a nitrate analog)treatments to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling NUE-associated traits at the wheat seedling stage.Genotyping the panel with a 660K single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array,we identified 397 SNPs associated with N-sensitivity index and chlorate inhibition rate.These SNPs were merged into 49 QTL,of which eight were multi-environment stable QTL and 27 were located near previously reported QTL.A set of 135 candidate genes near the 49 QTL included TaBOX(F-box family protein)and TaERF(ethylene-responsive transcription factor).A Tabox mutant was more sensitive to low-N stress than the wild-type plant.We developed two functional markers for Hap 1,the favorable allele of TaBOX.

Learning-based user association and dynamic resource allocation in multi-connectivity enabled unmanned aerial vehicle networks

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAvs)as aerial base stations to provide communication services for ground users is a flexible and cost-effective paradigm in B5G.Besides,dynamic resource allocation and multi-connectivity can be adopted to further harness the potentials of UAVs in improving communication capacity,in such situations such that the interference among users becomes a pivotal disincentive requiring effective solutions.To this end,we investigate the Joint UAV-User Association,Channel Allocation,and transmission Power Control(J-UACAPC)problem in a multi-connectivity-enabled UAV network with constrained backhaul links,where each UAV can determine the reusable channels and transmission power to serve the selected ground users.The goal was to mitigate co-channel interference while maximizing long-term system utility.The problem was modeled as a cooperative stochastic game with hybrid discrete-continuous action space.A Multi-Agent Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning(MAHDRL)algorithm was proposed to address this problem.Extensive simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and showed that it has a higher system utility than the baseline methods.

Casual associations between blood metabolites and colon cancer

BACKGROUND Limited knowledge exists regarding the casual associations linking blood metabolites and the risk of developing colorectal cancer.AIM To investigate causal associations between blood metabolites and colon cancer.METHODS The study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to investigate the causal impact of 486 blood metabolites on colorectal cancer.The primary method of analysis used was the inverse variance weighted model.To further validate the results several sensitivity analyses were performed,including Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger intercept test,and MR robust adjusted profile score.These additional analyses were conducted to ensure the reliability and robustness of the findings.RESULTS After rigorous selection for genetic variation,486 blood metabolites were included in the MR analysis.We found Mannose[odds ratio(OR)=2.09(1.10-3.97),P=0.024],N-acetylglycine[OR=3.14(1.78-5.53),P=7.54×10^(-8)],X-11593-O-methylascorbate[OR=1.68(1.04-2.72),P=0.034],1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine[OR=4.23(2.51-7.12),P=6.35×10^(-8)]and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoethanolamine 4[OR=3.99(1.17-13.54),P=0.027]were positively causally associated with colorectal cancer,and we also found a negative causal relationship between Tyrosine[OR=0.08(0.01-0.63),P=0.014],Urate[OR=0.25(0.10-0.62),P=0.003],N-acetylglycine[0.73(0.54-0.98),P=0.033],X-12092[OR=0.89(0.81-0.99),P=0.028],Succinylcarnitine[OR=0.48(0.27-0.84),P=0.09]with colorectal cancer.A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the rigidity of the results.CONCLUSION This study showed a causal relationship between 10 blood metabolites and colorectal cancer,of which 5 blood metabolites were found to be causal for the development of colorectal cancer and were confirmed as risk factors.The other five blood metabolites are protective factors.

Joint User Association and Satellite Selection for Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated networks

In this paper, we investigate a cooperation mechanism for satellite-terrestrial integrated networks. The terrestrial relays act as the supplement of traditional small cells and cooperatively provide seamless coverage for users in the densely populated areas.To deal with the dynamic satellite backhaul links and backhaul capacity caused by the satellite mobility, severe co-channel interference in both satellite backhaul links and user links introduced by spectrum sharing,and the difference demands of users as well as heterogeneous characteristics of terrestrial backhaul and satellite backhaul, we propose a joint user association and satellite selection scheme to maximize the total sum rate. The optimization problem is formulated via jointly considering the influence of dynamic backhaul links, individual requirements and targeted interference management strategies, which is decomposed into two subproblems: user association and satellite selection. The user association is formulated as a nonconvex optimization problem, and solved through a low-complexity heuristic scheme to find the most suitable access point serving each user. Then, the satellite selection is resolved based on the cooperation among terrestrial relays to maximize the total backhaul capacity with the minimum date rate constraints. Finally,simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of total sum rate and power efficiency of TRs' backhaul.

Reform of the Irrigation Sector and Creation of Functional and Sustainable Irrigation Water Users Associations (AUEI) in Niger: Capitalization of the Experience of the Konni AHA

During the 1980s, as part of a policy of liberalization, following budgetary cuts linked to the implementation of structural adjustment programs, management responsibilities for AHAs were transferred from ONAHA to cooperatives concerned. Due to lack of financial resources, but also because of poor management, everywhere in Niger we are witnessing an accelerated deterioration of the irrigation infrastructure of hydro-agricultural developments. Institutional studies carried out on this situation led the State of Niger to initiate a reform of the governance of hydro-agricultural developments, by streng-thening the status of ONAHA, by creating an Association of Irrigation Water Users (AUEI) and by restructuring the old cooperatives. Indeed, this research aims to analyze the creation of functional and sustainable Irrigation Water User Associations (AUEI) in Niger in a context of reform of the irrigation sector, and based on the experience of the Konni AHA. It is based on a methodological approach which takes into account documentary research and the collection of data from 115 farmers, selected by reasoned choice and directly concerned by the management of the irrigated area. The data collected was analyzed and the results were analyzed using the systemic approach and the diagnostic process. The results show that the main mission of the AUEI is to ensure better management of water, hydraulic equipment and infrastructure on the hydro-agricultural developments of Konni. The creation of the Konni AUEI was possible thanks to massive support from the populations and authorities in the implementation process. After its establishment, the AUEI experienced a certain lethargy for some time due to the rehabilitation work of the AHA but currently it is functional and operational in terms of associative life and governance. Thus, the constraints linked to the legal system, the delay in the completion of the work, the uncertainties of access to irrigation water but also the problems linked to the change in mentality of certain ONAHA agents constitute the challenges that must be resolved in the short term for the operationalization of the Konni AUEI.

基于cELISA检测的绵羊抗布鲁氏菌病性状全基因组关联分析

【目的】挖掘与绵羊布鲁氏菌病抗性或易感性相关的基因,以期为绵羊布鲁氏菌病抗病育种提供分子标记。【方法】以自然感染布鲁氏菌病并且未注射疫苗的绵羊为研究对象,采集50只绵羊的血液样本进行竞争酶联免疫吸附试验(competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,cELISA)。对绵羊血液DNA进行全基因组重测序,以cELISA结果为数量性状表型,利用GEMMA软件进行全基因组关联分析。使用clusterProfiler软件包对显著基因进行功能富集分析。【结果】全基因组关联分析筛选到Top 1000的位点共注释到56个基因,GO功能富集结果显示,注释基因主要富集在β选择和αβT细胞增殖和分化等条目;KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,注释基因主要富集在Th1/Th2/Th17细胞分化和自然杀伤细胞介导的细胞毒性等通路,主要涉及γ-干扰素受体1(interferon gamma receptor 1,IFNGR1)、活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFATC2)、NF-κB抑制因子β(NF-κB inhibitor beta,NFKBIB)、脾酪氨酸激酶(spleen associated tyrosine kinase,SYK)、转化生长因子β受体2(transforming growth factor beta receptor 2,TGFBR2)和T细胞受体相关蛋白激酶70的Zeta链(Zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70,ZAP70)共6个基因,筛选到的条目、通路和基因与布鲁氏菌的感染或宿主的抗感染密切相关。【结论】本研究筛选到6个与绵羊布鲁氏菌病相关的基因,为进一步细胞或个体水平的功能验证奠定了基础,为绵羊布鲁氏菌病抗病育种分子标记提供了参考。