The city of Chongqing has high outdoor temperatures and humidity throughout the year and consequently a high risk of dampness and mold problems in dwellings.As part of the China,Children,Homes,Health(CCHH),association...The city of Chongqing has high outdoor temperatures and humidity throughout the year and consequently a high risk of dampness and mold problems in dwellings.As part of the China,Children,Homes,Health(CCHH),associations between home characteristics and children’s asthma,allergies,and related symptoms were investigated in Chongqing,China.A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on home characteristics including dampness and symptoms of asthma and allergies in 5299 children was performed.Data for 4754 children(3–6 years)and their homes were analyzed.Results showed that 35.1%of homes were reported to have"damp bedding",14.3%"condensation on window panes(higher than 5 cm)",11.6%"mouldy odor",9.3%"water leakage",8.3%"damp stains"and 5.3%"visible mould".Wheezing and rhinitis ever were reported for 27.0%and 51.1%children respectively,and rhinitis,wheezing,cough at night and eczema in the last 12 months were reported for 38.1%,20.5%,18.9%and 13.2%respectively.Doctor-diagnosed asthma was reported for 8.3%of children,and doctor-diagnosed rhinitis for 6.2%.Dampness in homes was generally strongly associated with asthma and allergies among Chongqing children.The strongest association was found between"visible mould"and doctor-diagnosed rhinitis,and the adjusted Odds Ratio(ORA)was 2.27(95%CI:1.48,3.49)."Damp bedding"was significantly associated with all asthma and allergic symptoms,but doctor-diagnosed asthma and rhinitis.The behavior of"putting bedding to sunshine"could effectively reduce the prevalence of asthma and allergic symptoms,and the risk of bedding affected with damp was reduced significantly when bedding was put to sunshine frequently.展开更多
Background: The prevalence of respiratory allergies is increasing worldwide, with important consequences especially for little children. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory all...Background: The prevalence of respiratory allergies is increasing worldwide, with important consequences especially for little children. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory allergies, such as rhinitis and asthma, and to point out the risk factors and their relationship with allergic diseases in a specific area of Northern Italy. Methods: 110 children, male and female, from our outpatient service for allergic children, between 3 and 17 years old, were examined. After a skin prick test and a nasal cytology, the written questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was filled by parents together with their children. Results: 110 children were examined. 74% of children had rhinitis and 71% asthma. 88 patients were allergic, grass pollen and house dust mite was the most frequent allergens. A family history of atopy, family background, geographic area, active and passive smoking and home pets were associated to allergies. Older children (6 - 15 years old) had more often rhinitis associated with asthma and conjunctivitis as compared to younger. 21 Children were also affected by non allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: Respiratory allergies are widespread and associated to a low quality of life among little children. Sensitization to Ragweed is increasing with important consequences. Rhinitis precedes the onset of asthmatic symptoms. Moreover non allergic rhinitis is increasing and frequently underdiagnosed.展开更多
The hygiene hypothesis was proposed more than two decades ago,but its mechanism remains unclear.This review focuses on recent advances in the field,especially on the role played by dendritic cells(DCs)and their modula...The hygiene hypothesis was proposed more than two decades ago,but its mechanism remains unclear.This review focuses on recent advances in the field,especially on the role played by dendritic cells(DCs)and their modulating effects on various infections and allergic diseases,including allergic asthma.DCs isolated from mice long after the resolution of an infection were reported to have a significant modulating effect on allergen-specific Th2 responses in both in vitro and in vivo systems.These DCs showed DC1-like and/or tolerogenic DC capacity,which allowed for the inhibition of allergic responses by immune deviation(enhancing Th1 response)and immune regulation(through regulatory T-cell and Th2 hyporesponsiveness)mechanisms.These findings represented a significant advance in the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the hygiene hypothesis.Further investigation on the mechanisms by which DCs are‘educated’by infectious agents and the influence of the type,time,and extent of infections on this‘education’process will help us understand immune regulation in disease settings and in the rational design of preventive/therapeutic approaches to allergy/asthma and infections.展开更多
基金supported by the Key National Project of Physical Science(50838009)the National Technology Support Project(2012BAJ02B06)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CDJXS12211107)
文摘The city of Chongqing has high outdoor temperatures and humidity throughout the year and consequently a high risk of dampness and mold problems in dwellings.As part of the China,Children,Homes,Health(CCHH),associations between home characteristics and children’s asthma,allergies,and related symptoms were investigated in Chongqing,China.A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on home characteristics including dampness and symptoms of asthma and allergies in 5299 children was performed.Data for 4754 children(3–6 years)and their homes were analyzed.Results showed that 35.1%of homes were reported to have"damp bedding",14.3%"condensation on window panes(higher than 5 cm)",11.6%"mouldy odor",9.3%"water leakage",8.3%"damp stains"and 5.3%"visible mould".Wheezing and rhinitis ever were reported for 27.0%and 51.1%children respectively,and rhinitis,wheezing,cough at night and eczema in the last 12 months were reported for 38.1%,20.5%,18.9%and 13.2%respectively.Doctor-diagnosed asthma was reported for 8.3%of children,and doctor-diagnosed rhinitis for 6.2%.Dampness in homes was generally strongly associated with asthma and allergies among Chongqing children.The strongest association was found between"visible mould"and doctor-diagnosed rhinitis,and the adjusted Odds Ratio(ORA)was 2.27(95%CI:1.48,3.49)."Damp bedding"was significantly associated with all asthma and allergic symptoms,but doctor-diagnosed asthma and rhinitis.The behavior of"putting bedding to sunshine"could effectively reduce the prevalence of asthma and allergic symptoms,and the risk of bedding affected with damp was reduced significantly when bedding was put to sunshine frequently.
文摘Background: The prevalence of respiratory allergies is increasing worldwide, with important consequences especially for little children. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory allergies, such as rhinitis and asthma, and to point out the risk factors and their relationship with allergic diseases in a specific area of Northern Italy. Methods: 110 children, male and female, from our outpatient service for allergic children, between 3 and 17 years old, were examined. After a skin prick test and a nasal cytology, the written questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was filled by parents together with their children. Results: 110 children were examined. 74% of children had rhinitis and 71% asthma. 88 patients were allergic, grass pollen and house dust mite was the most frequent allergens. A family history of atopy, family background, geographic area, active and passive smoking and home pets were associated to allergies. Older children (6 - 15 years old) had more often rhinitis associated with asthma and conjunctivitis as compared to younger. 21 Children were also affected by non allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: Respiratory allergies are widespread and associated to a low quality of life among little children. Sensitization to Ragweed is increasing with important consequences. Rhinitis precedes the onset of asthmatic symptoms. Moreover non allergic rhinitis is increasing and frequently underdiagnosed.
基金This work was supported by operating grants from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research(CIHR)the Manitoba Health Research Council(MHRC)to XY.
文摘The hygiene hypothesis was proposed more than two decades ago,but its mechanism remains unclear.This review focuses on recent advances in the field,especially on the role played by dendritic cells(DCs)and their modulating effects on various infections and allergic diseases,including allergic asthma.DCs isolated from mice long after the resolution of an infection were reported to have a significant modulating effect on allergen-specific Th2 responses in both in vitro and in vivo systems.These DCs showed DC1-like and/or tolerogenic DC capacity,which allowed for the inhibition of allergic responses by immune deviation(enhancing Th1 response)and immune regulation(through regulatory T-cell and Th2 hyporesponsiveness)mechanisms.These findings represented a significant advance in the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the hygiene hypothesis.Further investigation on the mechanisms by which DCs are‘educated’by infectious agents and the influence of the type,time,and extent of infections on this‘education’process will help us understand immune regulation in disease settings and in the rational design of preventive/therapeutic approaches to allergy/asthma and infections.
