Mechanism prediction of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Angelica sinensis Diels in treating interstitial lung disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.

Mechanism prediction of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Angelica sinensis Diels in treating interstitial lung disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.

Studies of Chemical Constituents and Their Antioxidant Activities From Astragalus mongholicus Bunge

To evaluate the antioxidant activities of different chemical constituents from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and their protection against xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Methods The compounds of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge were isolated by chromatography and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data interpretation. Their antioxidant activities were detected by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activities in a cell-free system. Meanwhile, the effects against XA/XO-induced toxicity were assessed using MTT assay in PC12 cells. Results Ten principal constituents were isolated and identified as formononetin （Ⅰ）, ononin （Ⅱ）, calycosin （Ⅲ）, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅳ）, 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅴ）, adenosine （Ⅵ）, pinitol （Ⅶ）, daucosterol （Ⅷ）, β-sitoster （Ⅸ） and saccharose （Ⅹ） from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. The compounds Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ scavenged DPPH free radicals in vitro. Formononetin and calycosin were found to inhibit XA/XO-induced cell injury significantly, with an estimated EC50 of 50 ng/mL. Conclusion Compound Ⅲ, Ⅵ, and Ⅶ are first reported in this plant. Calycosin exhibits the most potent antioxidant activity both in the cell-free system and in the cell system.

膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bunge)组织培养再生体系的建立

本研究以膜荚黄芪的子叶、下胚轴、幼茎、幼叶为外植体,诱导愈伤组织及再生芽,建立膜荚黄芪组织培养再生体系。结果表明,子叶是最佳的外植体。在6-BA与2,4-D或NAA培养基组合中,以MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L为最佳的愈伤组织及芽诱导培养基。黄芪再生植株较难生根,在IAA、IBA和NAA激素培养基组合中,以1/2MS+IBA 2.0mg/L或1/2MS+IBA 1.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L为最佳的试管苗生根培养基,生根率50%左右。

Protection of PC12 Cells against Superoxide-induced Damage by Isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus

Objective To further investigate the neuroprotective effects of five isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus on xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced injury to PC12 cells. Methods PC12 cells were damaged by XA/XO. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, MTT, LDH, and GSH assays were used to evaluate the protection of these five isofavonoids. Contents of Bcl-2 family proteins were determined with flow cytometry. Results Among the five isoflavonoids including formononetin, ononin, 9, 10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were found to inhibit XA/XO-induced injury to PC12 cells. Their ECs0values of formononetin and calycosin were 0.05 μg/mL. Moreover, treatment with these three isoflavonoids prevented a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, while formononetin and calycosin could prevent a significant deletion of GSH. In addition, only calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were shown to inhibit XO activity in cell-free system, with an approximate IC50 value of 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. Formononetin and calycosin had no significant infuence on Bcl-2 or Bax protein contents. Conclusion Neuroprotection of formononetin, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside may be mediated by increasing endogenous antioxidants, rather by inhibiting XO activities or by scavenging free radicals.

Comparative analysis of twenty-five compounds in different parts of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus by UPLC-MS/MS

As a traditional Chinese medicine,the root of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM)or A.membranaceus(AM)has been widely used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years.Till now,the flavonoids,phenolic acids and saponins are considered as the main active components contributing to their therapeutic effect in these plants.In order to clarify the distribution and contents of these compounds in different organs of these plants,a rapid and sensitive analytical method for simultaneous determination of 25 active compounds including seven types(i.e.dihydroflavones,isoflavane,isoflavones,flavones,pterocarpans,phenolic acid and saponins)within 10 min was established using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(UPLCeMS/MS).Then,the established method was fully validated and successfully applied to the determination of the contents of these analytes in different parts(root,rhizome,stem,leaf and flower)of AMM and AM.The results indicated that the contents of the same type of compounds in two different species plants were significantly different.Moreover,the obvious differences were also found for the distribution and contents of different type of compounds in five organs of the same species.The present study could provide necessary information for the rational development and utilization of AMM and AM resource.

Two new saponins from the aerial part of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus

Two new saponins named mongholicoside A （1） and mongholicoside B （2） were isolated from the aerial part of Astragalus membranaceus var mongholicus. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS techniques and chemical methods.

甘肃黄芪属Astragalus Linn.黄芪亚属Subgen. Phaca(Linn.) Bunge植物研究

研究整理了甘肃黄芪属黄芪亚属植物共２０ 种，１ 个亚种，７ 个变种，１ 个变型。提供了分种检索表及每个种的文献及其在甘肃省的产地和分布。其中５

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the valuable medicinal plant <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i>

Astragalus mongholicus (Fabaceae) is a perennial herb and a widely used medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known as Radix Astragali (Huangqi). It was reported to have hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiaging, sedative and immunopotentiating effects, and could also be used as an adjuvant medicine during cancer therapy. Until now, there is only a little research on its population genetics and no report on development of microsatellite loci for this plant. In this study, a microsatellite-enriched genomic DNA library of A. mongholicus was developed and screened to identify marker loci. Ten polymorphic loci were isolated and analyzed by screening 30 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 19, with an average of 12.3 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity (HO) and the expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.367 to 1.000 and from 0.395 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.361 to 0.888, with an average of 0.762. This is the first report on characterization of microsatellite loci for A. mongholicus, and these markers will be useful for population genetics and molecular ecology studies of this plant.

Effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction and Astragalus mongholicus on platelet activating factor receptor activity in rabbits in vitro

BACKGROUND: The pharmacological action of traditional Chinese medicine compound is the comprehensive effect of the various ingredients, and the interactions of various ingredients are closely correlated with the final effect. In order to reveal the compatibility mechanism of BHD's prescription in treating and preventing ischemic cerebrovascular disease, we needed explore the effect and relation of ingredients in the prescription. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD) and Astragalus mongholicus on the activity of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in the platelet of rabbits in vitro, and investigate the mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus. DESIGN: A decomposed recipes study. SETTING: Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: Five New Zealand rabbits, weighing 2-3 kg, both sexes, were used. BHD was composed of Sheng Huang Qi 120 g, Dang Gui Wei 6 g, Chi Shao 4.5 g, Chuan Xiong 3 g, Di Long 3 g, Tao Ren 3 g, Hong Hua 3 g. The prescription for activating blood circulation consisted of Dang Gui Wei 6 g, Chi Shao 4.5 g, Chuan Xiong 3 g, Di Long 3 g, Tao Ren 3 g and Hong Hua 3 g. The prescription for invigorating qi consisted of 120 g Sheng Huang Qi. The prepared herbal pieces were purchased from the traditional Chinese medicine Dispensary of Foshan Second People's Hospital, and appraised by Professor Xu from Science of Chinese Materia Medica College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 3H-PAF was supplied by Amersham Co., Ltd. (specific activity: 6. 475 TBq/mmol; batch number: 200402); PAF standard by Biomol Co., Ltd. (batch number: P1318V). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September to December 2004. ① Injections of BHD, prescriptions for activating blood circulation and invigorating qi were prepared by the decoction and alcohol sedimentation technique. Rabbit common carotid artery blood (40 mL) was drawn via intubation to prepare platelet suspension of (0.8-1.0)×1010 L-1. ② Determination of 3H-PAF and washed PAFR binding: The general combination tube (T) contained washed platelet-rich plasma (WPRP) 380 μL + 3H-PAF (0.35 nmol/L)10 μL+distilled water 5 μL; The nonspecific binding tube (P) contained WPRP 380 μL+3H-PAF(0.35 nmol/L)10 μL+cold PAF (1 μmol/L) 5 μL; The sample tube (Y) contained WPRP 380 μL+3H-PAF(0.35 nmol/L)10 μL+experimental medicine (injection of BHD, prescriptions for activating blood circulation or invigorating qi) 5 μL. The test was conducted for three times for each sample in the same way as mentioned above. The samples were shaken on the oscillator for 30 s, then bathed at 25 ℃ for 40 minutes, and the reaction was terminated with cold Tris buffer containing 0.1% BSA, multichannel cell detachment separator was used for vacuum suction to filter the separated free 3H-PAF, and the filter paper was washed with cold Tris buffer for four times, then dried in the baking oven (80 ℃) for 1 hour, and placed in xylol liquid scintillator, and the radioactivity was determined automatically by the liquid scintillation detector. The mean of the three parallel tubes was calculated. The specific binging inhibition rate was calculated: SBIR=[(T-Y)/(T-P)]×100%]. ③ Univariate analysis of variance was conducted. And for comparison of each paired groups, the q test was adopted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of BHD whole prescription, prescriptions for activating blood circulation and invigorating qi on the specific binding inhibition rate of 3H-PAF and PAFR. RESULTS: BHD, prescriptions for activating blood circulation and invigorating qi were all able to inhibit the specific binding of 3H-PAF to PAFR, the specific blinding inhibition rates were (45.90±7.50)%, (97.90±1.84)% and (26.75±2.48)%, respectively, and there were significant differences between every two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Single Astragalus mongholicus (120 g) can inhibit the specific blinding of PAFR in the platelet of the rabbit with 3H-PAF, but the combination of Astragalus mongholicus with the drugs for activating blood circulation in BHD can significantly decrease the inhibiting action of the latter on PAFR activity of the platelet, reflecting the combined mechanism of 'removing blood stasis without injuring the vital qi' in BHD.

黄芪药渣与全株玉米混合青贮对饲料感官、发酵品质及营养成分的影响

本试验探讨黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bunge)药渣和全株玉米(Zea mays L.)混合青贮对青贮饲料感官、发酵品质及营养成分的影响,旨在为黄芪药渣及其它中药渣饲料资源化应用提供新途径。共设4个混合水平,黄芪药渣分别占全株玉米鲜重的0%,5%,10%,15%。青贮饲料发酵240 d后,取样检测评定。结果表明:黄芪药渣和全株玉米混合青贮有利于改善青贮饲料的气味和结构;0%混合水平的饲料pH值、乙酸(Acetic acid, AA)和氨态氮(Ammoniacal nitrogen, NH3-N)含量显著高于其他混合水平(P<0.05);乳酸(Lactic acid, LA)含量显著低于其他混合水平(P<0.05);0%混合水平饲料粗蛋白(Crude protein, CP)、磷(Phosphorus)含量显著低于其他混合水平(P<0.05),5%混合水平CP、粗脂肪(Ether Extract, EE)、P含量显著高于其它混合水平(P<0.05);随着混合水平升高,干物质(Dry matter, DM)、中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergen fiber, NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber, ADF)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,5%混合水平饲料青贮品质较好。

白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材生长的影响

为研究白星花金龟(Potosia brevitarsis Lewis)虫粪砂对内蒙道地药材的肥效,采用田间栽培方式,以蚯蚓粪为有机肥对照、化肥为无机肥对照、不施肥为空白对照,研究施用白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材——黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)、蒙古黄芪(Astragalus mongholicus Bunge)、柴胡(Bupleurum chinense)生长情况的影响。结果表明:施用白星花金龟虫粪砂可以显著提高黄芩的株高(16.51%)、地上部鲜质量(452.14%)、主根长(54.08%)、芦头直径(105.93%)、侧根数(44.33%)、根部鲜质量(193.59%)、根部干质量(231.25%)、叶绿素相对质量分数(SPAD,80.78%)、氮质量分数(63.58%)、叶面相对湿度(63.60%)等生长指标,蒙古黄芪的芦头直径(45.45%)、SPAD值(8.33%)、氮质量分数(6.72%)、叶面相对湿度(6.72%)等生长指标,以及柴胡的株高(61.46%)、干物质质量分数(99.91%)、SPAD值(21.91%)、氮质量分数(17.69%)、叶面相对湿度(17.69%)等生长指标。说明白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材生长有着不同程度的有利影响,通过主成分分析,其对黄芩的有利影响最大,蒙古黄芪、柴胡次之。

有机肥和海藻酸配施提高盐碱地蒙古黄芪抗逆性和品质

[目的]研究有机肥施用量和海藻酸施用浓度对盐碱地蒙古黄芪[Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hsiao]光合效率、抗逆能力、产量和质量的影响,为盐碱地中蒙古黄芪生态种植的合理施肥提供理论参考。[方法]以蒙古黄芪种苗为材料,连续两年在内蒙古固阳县的盐碱地上开展了大田试验。试验采用两因素三水平完全设计,两因素为有机肥(O)、海藻酸(A)。3个有机肥施用量为0、1200、2400kg/hm^(2),分别记为O0、O1、O2;3个海藻酸施用浓度为0、1、2 g/L,分别记为A0、A1、A2,共组成9个处理。于蒙古黄芪种苗返青后60天开始测定叶片光合效率参数、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,于蒙古黄芪种苗返青后120天开始测定根系产量、药效成分和重金属含量。[结果]相较于O0处理,O1、O2处理黄芪两年净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和气孔导度(G_s)分别提高了13.6%~29.2%、17.0%~32.3%、14.8%~21.2%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别提高了10.4%~24.0%、9.5%~13.5%、7.5%~29.5%,可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别提高了11.0%~28.8%、22.3%~94.3%、13.2%~61.4%,根系产量提高了3.8%~8.1%,黄芪甲苷(AIV)和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷(C7G)含量分别提高了7.4%~19.4%、4.5%~22.7%,Pb、Cd、As和Cu含量分别下降了1.4%~16.0%、5.0%~19.5%、5.6%~9.7%、11.5%~35.2%。相较于A0处理,A1处理显著提高了黄芪光合效率、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,提升了根系产量和药效成分含量,Pb、Cd、As、Hg和Cu含量分别降低了12.0%~22.2%、6.9%~17.1%、7.5%~13.3%、7.1%~18.9%、16.1%~21.9%。2022、2023年均以O2A1处理的产量(6887、7153 kg/hm^(2))最高,OOA2处理的产量(6065、6278 kg/hm^(2))最低。2022、2023年O1A1处理的两种药效成分含量最高,AIV含量(0.144%、0.148%)较O2A1提高了5.1%~7.2%,C7G含量(0.059%、0.060%)较O2A1处理提高了5.3%~13.5%。[结论]施用有机肥和适宜浓度的海藻酸均可增强蒙古黄芪的光合效率,提高蒙古黄芪的抗逆能力,进而提高蒙古黄芪的产量和药用品质。以施用有机肥1200 kg/hm^(2)配合喷施浓度为1g/L的海藻酸提升盐碱地蒙古黄芪产量、品质和抗逆能力的效果最佳,且没有引起重金属污染的风险。

蒙古黄芪育苗基质的筛选及应用潜力初步评价

为筛选出适宜培育高质量幼苗的育苗基质,促进移栽蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus)的生产,以酒糟为主料,牛粪和沼渣为辅料,按不同体积比配制了6种有机复合基质,并对其理化性质,以及碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量进行了测定。通过PLS-DA分析辅料对复合基质性质的影响,采用模糊评价法评估各复合基质肥效,进而筛选出基质F2(酒糟∶牛粪=60∶20)和Z2(酒糟∶沼渣=60∶20),将二者分别与纯土按体积比3∶7混合制成育苗基质后,通过发芽和幼苗生长试验评价应用潜力。结果表明,各有机复合基质理化性质基本符合常规基质要求,分别以牛粪和沼渣为辅料的两组复合基质,F2和Z2的肥效评价系数较高。混合育苗基质“F2+纯土”组的蒙古黄芪种子发芽率最高,且发芽势和发芽指数显著高于“Z2+纯土”组和对照组;同时,该组幼苗的整株长、株高和鲜重等指标也显著优于其他两组。由此可见,有机复合基质F2性能良好,与纯土混合后制成的育苗基质可用于蒙古黄芪优质幼苗的培育,具有较好的应用潜力。

基于网络药理学与分子对接的当归黄芪超滤物改善冠状动脉微血管疾病作用机制

为了探讨当归黄芪超滤物改善冠状动脉微血管疾病的作用机制,利用网络药理学与分子对接检索TCMSP、UniProt数据库筛选当归黄芪超滤物活性成分和作用靶点;通过DisGeNET等数据库得到疾病靶点;利用Venny2.1.0获取交集靶点;使用STRING数据库构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用(Protein-Protein Interaction, PPI)网络;Metascape平台进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,PyMOL对活性成分和关键靶点做分子对接验证.筛选出1 185个药物作用靶点,2 307个疾病靶点,217个交集靶点;获得β-谷甾醇、槲皮素、黄芪甲苷等22个活性成分,得到NLRP3、IL1β、CASP1等61个关键靶点;KEGG分析获得了272条信号通路,包括NOD样受体通路、NF-kappa B通路等.分子对接的最小结合能均<-5.0 kJ·mol^(-1),表明相互对接良好.初步预测了当归黄芪超滤物改善冠状动脉微血管疾病的核心靶点和信号通路,并进行了分子对接验证,为进一步体内外实验提供了思路.

蒙古黄芪叶片不同表型叶形状差异比较分析

蒙古黄芪是具有多种研究价值的豆科多年生草本植物,为探究蒙古黄芪不同叶色叶型各项指标差异,选取6种田间常见叶片颜色及叶片形状,对其叶色、复叶、小叶、叶绿素等形态指标进行分析。结果表明,叶片颜色与叶绿素含量存在显著正相关,与小叶数呈显著负相关,叶色深绿色叶绿素总含量最高,为4.07 mg/g,小叶数最少,为34片。叶片表型与小叶数量、叶面积、叶绿素含量紧密相关。为进一步研究叶片形态和蒙古黄芪药材产量质量的关系、改善和提高蒙古黄芪药材产量品质、挖掘蒙古黄芪植株饲用价值和优良种质的培育提供理论依据。

Content Determination of Astragaloside Ⅳ in Astragalus from Three Different Regions by HPLC

[Objectives] The content of astragaloside in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hisao from three different regions was determined.[Methods] Referring to the method recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus was determined by HPLC.[Results] There were great differences in the astragaloside IV content of A.membranaceus among different regions.The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Inner Mongolia was highest(0.155%),followed by that(0.143%) in A.membranaceus cultivated in Gansu,and the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Shanxi was lowest(0.080%).The contents of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus from different regions were all in line with the standard(not less than 0.040%) of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).[Conclusions]The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in three different regions met the medicinal standards.

黄芪田苗后除草剂的临时用药评估

为筛选安全、高效的苗后茎叶除草剂,满足黄芪规模化种植对化学除草技术的需求,降低农民生产成本,以蒙古黄芪为试验材料,对6种含有不同成分的茎叶除草剂进行了田间临时用药评估。结果表明,65%2甲4氯二甲胺盐水剂、460 g·L^(-1)2甲·灭草松可溶液剂、480 g·L^(-1)灭草松水剂+10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油混用、240 g·L^(-1)烯草酮乳油在供试剂量范围内,对二年生黄芪生长安全,药害风险可接受,可应用于黄芪田苗后防治杂草。460 g·L^(-1)2甲·灭草松可溶液剂最佳使用浓度为3000 g·hm^(-2),黄芪增产率(与空白对照相比,下同)为27.48%,65%2甲4氯二甲胺盐水剂最佳使用浓度为900 mL·hm^(-2),黄芪增产率为24.15%,240 g·L^(-1)烯草酮乳油最佳使用浓度为600 mL·hm^(-2),黄芪增产率为14.16%,复配使用480 g·L^(-1)灭草松水剂浓度为3750 mL·hm^(-2)+10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油1350 mL·hm^(-2),黄芪增产率为24.48%。

蒙古黄芪皂苷对铅暴露致发育期大鼠神经炎症与肠道菌群紊乱的影响

目的探讨蒙古黄芪皂苷对铅暴露致发育期SD大鼠神经炎症及肠道菌群紊乱的干预效果。方法40只4周龄SD大鼠随机分为对照(CG)组,铅染毒(LE)组,皂苷低、中、高剂量干预(SL、SM、SH)组,相应干预4周后,氢化物原子荧光光谱法检测大鼠血铅水平,酶联免疫吸附试验检测大鼠海马中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β水平,16S rDNA高通量测序检测盲肠内容物中肠道菌群的组成。结果与CG组比较,其余各组血铅水平均升高,LE组海马中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平升高,肠道菌群α、β多样性显著改变,Shannon指数和Simpson指数降低,罗姆布茨菌属、布劳特氏菌属、毛罗菌科_UCG-001菌属相对丰度减少,而瘤胃球菌属、普雷沃菌科_UCG-001菌属相对丰度增加(P<0.05)。与LE组比较,SL、SM组血铅水平降低(P<0.05),SL组海马IL-6水平、SM组IL-1β及SM、SH组海马TNF-α、IL-6水平降低(P<0.05),SL、SM组β多样性及SM组α多样性显著改善,SM组Simpson指数升高(P<0.05),SH组、SM组瘤胃球菌属、普雷沃菌科_UCG-001菌属相对丰度减少(P<0.05),SM组罗姆布茨菌属、毛罗菌科_UCG-001菌属、布劳特氏菌属及SL组布劳特氏菌属相对丰度均增加(P<0.05)。SM组比SH组增加罗姆布茨菌丰度作用更明显(P<0.05)。结论蒙古黄芪皂苷可有效抑制铅致发育期大鼠海马中的神经炎症反应和肠道菌群的紊乱,且中剂量干预效果明显。

蒙古黄芪黄芪甲苷与金属元素含量的关系分析

【目的】分析蒙古黄芪黄芪甲苷含量与植物、土壤中金属元素含量的相关性,以及土壤-植物系统中金属元素间的关系,为蒙古黄芪的种植与品质提升提供参考。【方法】选择7个蒙古黄芪种植区,取蒙古黄芪种植区土壤,采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法(HPLC-ELSD)检测其中的黄芪甲苷含量,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术检测黄芪与土壤中的金属元素含量,分析不同产地蒙古黄芪中黄芪甲苷含量与金属元素的相关性。【结果】7个蒙古黄芪种植区中,黄芪甲苷含量以内蒙赤峰元宝山下坎村种植区最高,内蒙古固阳县下湿壕种植区最低。蒙古黄芪根中各金属元素含量从高到低依次为K>Mg>Fe>Al>Ca>Cr>Mn>Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd,其中Cr元素在黄芪中大量富集;土壤中金属元素含量从高到低依次为Al>K>Fe>Mg>Ca>As>Mn>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu,7个种植区As元素含量均严重超标,4个种植区Pb元素含量也出现超标。蒙古黄芪根中的金属元素含量间、土壤中的金属元素含量间及根中与土壤中的金属元素含量间相关性均较好。其中蒙古黄芪植株中的Ca、Pb、As元素含量与土壤中的Ca、Pb、As元素含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),植株中的K、Zn元素含量与土壤中的K、Zn元素含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);蒙古黄芪根中的黄芪甲苷含量与其根中的Mg、Cu、Cd含量及土壤中的Ca元素含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。【结论】蒙古黄芪及其栽培土壤中的金属元素间存在一定相关性,二者金属元素间的协同或拮抗作用共同调节黄芪甲苷的积累。