Research on Robust Cooperative Dual Equilibrium with Ellipsoidal Asymmetric Strategy Uncertainty

In this paper,we investigate robust cooperative dual equilibria with two players in which each player minimizes the opponent’s cost and can not evaluate his own strategy while may estimate an asymmetric bounded set of the mixed strategy.Using dual theory and robust optimization technique,we obtain a result that the counterpart of the primitive uncertainty with ellipsoidal norm for each player can be formulated as a second-order cone programming(SOCP)and solving the corresponding equilibrium can be converted to solving a second-order cone complementarity problem(SOCCP).Then we present a numerical experiment to illustrate the behavior of robust cooperative dual equilibrium.

New Asymmetric Fuzzy PID Control for Pneumatic Position Control System

A fuzzy control algorithm of asymmetric fuzzy strategy is introduced for a servo-pneumatic position system. It can effectively solve the difficult problems of single rod low friction cylinders, which are mainly caused by asymmetric structures and different friction characteristics in two directions. On the basis of this algorithm, a traditional PID control is used to improve dynamic performance. Furthermore, a new asymmetric fuzzy PID control with α factor is advanced to improve the self-adaptability and robustness of the system. Both the theoretical analyses and experimental results prove that, with this control strategy, the dynamic performance of the system can be greatly improved. The system using this control algorithm has strong robustness and it obtains desired overshoot and repeatability in both transient and steady-state responses.

Asymmetric molecular engineering in recent nonfullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells

Nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs),which usually possess symmetric skeletons,have drawn great attention in recent years due to their pronounced advantages over the fullerene counterparts.Moreover,breaking the symmetry of NFAs could fine tune the molecular dipole,solubility,energy level,intermolecular interaction,molecular packing,crystallinity,etc.,and give rise to improved photovoltaic performance.Currently,there are three main strategies for the design of asymmetric NFAs.This review highlights the recent advances of high-performance asymmetric NFAs and briefly outlooks the materials exploration for the future.

Design of ultranarrow-bandgap acceptors for efficient organic photovoltaic cells and highly sensitive organic photodetectors

The fabrication of multifunctional electronic devices based on the intriguing natures of organic semiconductors is crucial for organic electronics.Ultranarrow-bandgap materials are in urgent demand for fabricating high-performance organic photovoltaic(OPV)cells and highly sensitive near-infrared organic photodetectors(OPDs).By combining alkoxy modification and an asymmetric strategy,three narrowbandgap electronic acceptors(BTP-4F,DO-4F,and QO-4F)were synthesized with finely tuned molecular electrostatic potential(ESP)distributions.Through the careful modulation of electronic configurations,the optical absorption onsets of DO-4F and QO-4F exceeded 1μm.The experimental and theoretical results suggest that the small ESP of QO-4F is beneficial for achieving a low nonradiative voltage loss,while the large ESP of BTP-4F can help obtain high exciton dissociation efficiency.By contrast,the asymmetric acceptor DO-4F with a moderate ESP possesses balanced voltage loss and exciton dissociation,yielding the best power conversion efficiency of 13.6%in the OPV cells.OPDs were also fabricated based on the combination of PBDB-T:DO-4F,and the as-fabricated device outputs a high shot-noise-limited specific detectivity of 3.05×10^(13) Jones at 850 nm,which is a very good result for near-infrared OPDs.This work is anticipated to provide a rational way of designing high-performance ultranarrow-bandgap organic semiconductors by modulating the molecular ESP.

Asymmetric Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials Rendering High-performance OLEDs Through both Thermal Evaporation and Solution-processing

Exploring high-efficiency thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials is of great importance regarding to organic light-emitting diode(OLED).Herein,we present a design strategy for developing asymmetric TADF materials based on a diphenyl sulfone-phenoxazine structure,resulting in efficient TADF emitters(CzPXZ and t-CzPXZ)with aggregation-induced emission properties,while t-CzPXZ is modified with tert-butyl groups.The two compounds exhibit high solid-state luminescence,efficient TADF,and significantly impressive device performances by both thermal evaporation and solution processing.For an instance,CzPXZ and t-CzPXZ enable the thermally-evaporated OLEDs with high external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)of over 20%.Meanwhile,t-CzPXZ allows the solution-processed device with a high EQE of 16.3%with low-efficiency roll-off,attributing to the enhanced molecular solubility and suppressed excitons quenching through tert-butyl modification on t-CzPXZ.The results reveal that the proposed asymmetric structure is a promising approach for developing high-efficiency TADF materials and OLEDs.

The Great Leap Development and Outlook of China's Scientific and Technological Strength(2000-2035)

Scientific and technological strength,the ability to achieve national strategic goals in science and technology,is not only a significant component of national comprehensive strength,but also the scientific and technological innovation foundation for continuous strengthening national comprehensive strength.The quantitative evaluation of China's scientific and technological strength from 2000 to 2020 shows tremendous progress in science and technology,transitioning from a catching-up country to an innovationdriven country.China has moved from the second array to the first array of global science and technology,securing a historic shift from mere quantity to high quality.This fully demonstrates the political advantage on the overall leadership of the Communist Party of China,the strategic advantage of innovation-driven development,and the advantages of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide under the socialist market economy with a wealth of human resources in science and technology.Based on China's strategic requirements of pursuing self-reliance and strength in science and technology as support for national development,this paper proposes policy recommendations for the futuredevelopment of variousadvantagess and favorable conditions,aimingg to strengthen nationa1lstrength insstrategic science and technology and to implement the innovation-driven developmentstrategy.Furthermore,prospects for China's scientific and technologica1l visionfor 2025 and 2035 are presented,envisioning a significant increase in scientific and technological strength and China's entry into the advanced ranks among the most innovative countries in the world.