Performance of entanglement-assisted quantum codes with noisy ebits over asymmetric and memory channels

Entanglement-assisted quantum error correction codes(EAQECCs)play an important role in quantum communications with noise.Such a scheme can use arbitrary classical linear code to transmit qubits over noisy quantum channels by consuming some ebits between the sender(Alice)and the receiver(Bob).It is usually assumed that the preshared ebits of Bob are error free.However,noise on these ebits is unavoidable in many cases.In this work,we evaluate the performance of EAQECCs with noisy ebits over asymmetric quantum channels and quantum channels with memory by computing the exact entanglement fidelity of several EAQECCs.We consider asymmetric errors in both qubits and ebits and show that the performance of EAQECCs in entanglement fidelity gets improved for qubits and ebits over asymmetric channels.In quantum memory channels,we compute the entanglement fidelity of several EAQECCs over Markovian quantum memory channels and show that the performance of EAQECCs is lowered down by the channel memory.Furthermore,we show that the performance of EAQECCs is diverse when the error probabilities of qubits and ebits are different.In both asymmetric and memory quantum channels,we show that the performance of EAQECCs is improved largely when the error probability of ebits is reasonably smaller than that of qubits.

Asymmetrical Quantum Encryption Protocol Based on Quantum Search Algorithm

Quantum cryptography and quantum search algorithm are considered as two important research topics in quantum information science.An asymmetrical quantum encryption protocol based on the properties of quantum one-way function and quantum search algorithm is proposed.Depending on the no-cloning theorem and trapdoor one-way functions of the publickey,the eavesdropper cannot extract any private-information from the public-keys and the ciphertext.Introducing key-generation randomized logarithm to improve security of our proposed protocol,i.e.,one privatekey corresponds to an exponential number of public-keys.Using unitary operations and the single photon measurement,secret messages can be directly sent from the sender to the receiver.The security of the proposed protocol is proved that it is informationtheoretically secure.Furthermore,compared the symmetrical Quantum key distribution,the proposed protocol is not only efficient to reduce additional communication,but also easier to carry out in practice,because no entangled photons and complex operations are required.

Intersubband absorption with difference-frequency generation in GaAs asymmetric quantum wells

An asymmetric quantum well （AQW） is designed to emit terahertz （THz） waves by using difference frequency generation （DFG） with the structure of GaAs/Al0.2Ga0.8As/Al0.5Ga0.sAs. The characteristics of absorption coefficients are analysed under the parabolic and non-parabolic energy-band conditions in detail. We find that the absorption coefficients vary with the two pump optical intensities, and they reach the maxima when the pump wavelengths are given as λp1 = 9.70 μm and λp2 = 10.64 μm, respectively. Compared with non-parabolic conditions, the total absorption coefficient under parabolic conditions shows a blue shift, which is due to the increase in the energy difference between the ground and excited states. By adjusting the two pump optical intensities, the wave vector phase-matching condition inside the AQW is satisfied.

Constructing Non-binary Asymmetric Quantum Codes via Graphs

The theory of quantum error correcting codes is a primary tool for fighting decoherence and other quantum noise in quantum communication and quantum computation. Recently, the theory of quantum error correcting codes has developed rapidly and been extended to protect quantum information over asymmetric quantum channels, in which phase-shift and qubit-flip errors occur with different probabilities. In this paper, we generalize the construction of symmetric quantum codes via graphs (or matrices) to the asymmetric case, converting the construction of asymmetric quantum codes to finding matrices with some special properties. We also propose some asymmetric quantum Maximal Distance Separable (MDS) codes as examples constructed in this way.

Tripartite Splitting Arbitrary 2-Qubit Quantum Information by Using Two Asymmetric W States

In this paper we propose a tripartite scheme for splitting an arbitrary 2-qubit quantum information by using two asymmetric W states as the quantum channel. In the schemem if the two recipients collaborate together, they can deterministically recover the quantum information by performing first a 4-qubit collective unitary operation and then two single-qubit unitary operations. In addition, since the asymmetric W states are employed as the quantum channel, the scheme is robust against decoherence.

Tolerance-enhanced SU(1,1) interferometers using asymmetric gain

SU(1,1) interferometers play an important role in quantum metrology. Previous studies focus on various inputs and detection strategies with symmetric gain. In this paper, we analyze a modified SU(1,1) interferometer using asymmetric gain. Two vacuum states are used as the input and on–off detection is performed at the output. In a lossless scenario,symmetric gain is the optimal selection and the corresponding phase sensitivity can achieve the Heisenberg limit as well as the quantum Cramer–Rao bound. In addition, we analyze the phase sensitivity with symmetric gain in the lossy scenario.The phase sensitivity is sensitive to internal losses but extremely robust against external losses. We address the optimal asymmetric gain and the results suggest that this method can improve the tolerance to internal losses. Our work may contribute to the practical development of quantum metrology.

An Asymmetric Controlled Bidirectional Quantum State Transmission Protocol

In this paper,we propose an asymmetric controlled bidirectional transmission protocol.In the protocol,by using the thirteen-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel,Alice can realize the transmission of a two-qubit equatorial state for Bob and Bob can transmit a four-qubit equatorial state for Alice under the control of Charlie.Firstly,we give the construction of the quantum channel,which can be done by performing several H and CNOT operations.Secondly,through implementing the appropriate measurements and the corresponding recovery operations,the desired states can be transmitted simultaneously,securely and deterministically.Finally,we analyze the performance of the protocol,including the efficiency,the necessary operations and the classical communication costs.And then,we describe some comparisons with other protocols.Since our protocol does not require auxiliary particles and additional operations,the classic communication costs less while achieving the multi-particle bidirectional transmission,so the overall performance of the protocol is better.

Degenerate asymmetric quantum concatenated codes for correcting biased quantum errors

In most practical quantum mechanical systems,quantum noise due to decoherence is highly biased towards dephasing.The quantum state suffers from phase flip noise much more seriously than from the bit flip noise.In this work,we construct new families of asymmetric quantum concatenated codes(AQCCs)to deal with such biased quantum noise.Our construction is based on a novel concatenation scheme for constructing AQCCs with large asymmetries,in which classical tensor product codes and concatenated codes are utilized to correct phase flip noise and bit flip noise,respectively.We generalize the original concatenation scheme to a more general case for better correcting degenerate errors.Moreover,we focus on constructing nonbinary AQCCs that are highly degenerate.Compared to previous literatures,AQCCs constructed in this paper show much better parameter performance than existed ones.Furthermore,we design the specific encoding circuit of the AQCCs.It is shown that our codes can be encoded more efficiently than standard quantum codes.

Hidden symmetry operators for asymmetric generalized quantum Rabi models

The hidden Z2 symmetry of the asymmetric quantum Rabi model(AQRM)has recently been revealed via a systematic construction of the underlying symmetry operator.Based on the AQRM result,we propose an ansatz for the general form of the symmetry operators for AQRM-related models.Applying this ansatz we obtain the symmetry operator for three models:the anisotropic AQRM,the asymmetric Rabi–Stark model(ARSM),and the anisotropic ARSM.

Third—Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility of Special Asymmetric Quantum Wells

A detailed procedure for the calculation of the third-harmonic-generation susceptibility tensor is given in special asymmetric quantum wells, and an analytic formula for the third-harmonic-generation susceptibility is obtained by the compact density matrix approach and the iterative procedure. Finally, the numerical results are presented for typical GaAs/AlGaAs asymmetric quantum wells. The calculated results show that the origin of the large thirdharmonic-generation susceptibility is due to the increase in asymmetry of the quantum well.

Optimal Asymmetric Quantum Codes from the Euclidean Sums of Linear Codes

In this paper,we first give the definition of the Euclidean sums of linear codes,and prove that the Euclidean sums of linear codes are Euclidean dual-containing.Then we construct two new classes of optimal asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes based on Euclidean sums of the Reed-Solomon codes,and two new classes of optimal asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes based on Euclidean sums of linear codes generated by Vandermonde matrices over finite fields.Moreover,these optimal asymmetric quantum errorcorrecting codes constructed in this paper are different from the ones in the literature.

Enhancing performance of GaN-based LDs by using GaN/InGaN asymmetric lower waveguide layers

The effects of Ga N/In Ga N asymmetric lower waveguide(LWG)layers on photoelectrical properties of In Ga N multiple quantum well laser diodes(LDs)with an emission wavelength of around 416 nm are theoretically investigated by tuning the thickness and the indium content of In Ga N insertion layer(In Ga N-IL)between the Ga N lower waveguide layer and the quantum wells,which is achieved with the Crosslight Device Simulation Software(PIC3D,Crosslight Software Inc.).The optimal thickness and the indium content of the In Ga N-IL in lower waveguide layers are found to be 300 nm and 4%,respectively.The thickness of In Ga N-IL predominantly affects the output power and the optical field distribution in comparison with the indium content,and the highest output power is achieved to be 1.25 times that of the reference structure(symmetric Ga N waveguide),which is attributed to the reduced optical absorption loss as well as the concentrated optical field nearby quantum wells.Furthermore,when the thickness and indium content of In Ga N-IL both reach a higher level,the performance of asymmetric quantum wells LDs will be weakened rapidly due to the obvious decrease of optical confinement factor(OCF)related to the concentrated optical field in the lower waveguide.

Tripartition of Arbitrary Single-Qubit Information via a Class of Asymmetric Four-Qubit W State

A four-party scheme is put forward for a sender to partition arbitrary single-qubit information among three receivers by utilizing a class of asymmetric four-qubit W state as quantum channels. In the scheme the sender＇s quantum information can be recovered by the three receivers if and only if they collaborate together. Specifically, they collaborate to perform first two different 2-qubit collective unitary operations and then a single-qubit unitary operation. The scheme is symmetric and （3, 3）-threshold with regard to the reconstruction, for any receiver can be assigned to conclusively recover the quantum information with the other two＇s assistances.

Navigating the Quantum Threat Landscape: Addressing Classical Cybersecurity Challenges

This research paper analyzes the urgent topic of quantum cybersecurity and the current federal quantum-cyber landscape. Quantum-safe implementations within existing and future Internet of Things infrastructure are discussed, along with quantum vulnerabilities in public key infrastructure and symmetric cryptographic algorithms. Other relevant non-encryption-specific areas within cybersecurity are similarly raised. The evolution and expansion of cyberwarfare as well as new developments in cyber defense beyond post-quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution are subsequently explored, with an emphasis on public and private sector awareness and vigilance in maintaining strong security posture.

Effects of an anisotropic parabolic potential and Coulomb’s impurity potential on the energy characteristics of asymmetrical semi-exponential CsI quantum wells

Because of its unique optoelectronic properties,people have studied the characteristics of polarons in various quantum well(QW)models.Among them,the asymmetrical semiexponential QW(ASEQW)is a new model for studying the structure of QWs in recent years.It is of great significance to study the influences of the impurity and anisotropic parabolic confinement potential(APCP)on the crystal’s properties,because some of the impurities,usually regarded as Coulomb’s impurity potential(CIP),will exist in the crystal more or less,and the APCP has flexible adjustment parameters.However,the energy characteristics of the ASEQW under the combined actions of impurities and APCP have not been studied,which is the motivation of this paper.Using the linear combination operation and Lee-Low-Pines unitary transformation methods,we investigate the vibrational frequency and the ground state energy of the strong coupling polaron in an ASEQW with the influences of the CIP at the origin of coordinates and APCP,and make a comparison between our results and previous literature’s.Our numerical results about the energy properties in the ASEQW influenced by the CIP and APCP may have important significances for experimental design and device preparation.

多源非对称星型量子网络及其非定域性

作为Bell定理的一种推广,基于多纠缠源的量子网络及其非定域性被人们广泛关注。本文基于独立源假设研究多源星型量子网络,构建具有5个独立源和8个节点的非对称星型网络模型,并探究其量子非定域性。结果表明,对于分发到网络节点的一组指定的纠缠纯态,该量子网络模型下得到的5-local定域关联不等式将会被违背,当前量子网络模型具有明显的非定域特性。

Ge/SiGe非对称耦合量子阱强度调制特性仿真

硅基光子学已被广泛认为是能实现片上光电子集成的有效平台,然而迄今为止,对硅基光源、探测器以及调制器等硅基有源器件的研究仍然具有一定的挑战性。为此,提出并仿真分析了一种可以用于实现硅基强度调制的Ge/SiGe非对称耦合量子阱结构。首先,利用8带k·p理论模型对耦合量子阱的能带结构和电子波函数进行了仿真计算;然后,详细分析了外加电场强度在0 kV/cm至60 kV/cm范围内,非对称耦合量子阱对TE和TM偏振模式的传输光的光吸收谱随外加电场强度的变化。仿真结果表明,对于TE偏振模式的传输光,在无外加电场强度条件下,非对称耦合量子阱的第一个吸收带边约在1449 nm处;而在30 kV/cm外加电场下,该量子阱的吸收带边相比于无外加电场情况向长波方向移动约22 nm,比相同外加电压下的普通量子阱显著。本工作所提出的Ge/SiGe非对称耦合量子阱结构是一种有望实现更低工作电压、更高速和更低损耗硅基强度调制器的结构。

Quantum Standing Waves and Tunneling Through a Finite Range Potential

We consider a time independent one dimensional finite range and repulsive constant potential barrier between two impenetrable walls. For a nonrelativistic massive particle projected towards the potential with energies less than the barrier and irrespective of the spatial positioning of the potential allowing for quantum tunneling, analytically we solve the corresponding Schrodinger equation. For a set of suitable parameters utilizing Mathematica we display the wave functions along with their associated probabilities for the entire region. We investigate the sensitivity of the probability distributions as a function of the potential range and display a gallery of our analysis. We extend our analysis for bound state particles confined within constant attractive potentials.

Realization of Optimal Universal and Phase-Covariant Quantum Machines via Input-Output Cavities

We present a scheme to realize a special quantum cloning machine via input-output cavities.The cloning machine can copy information from one atom to another distant atom.Choosing different parameters,the method can perform optimal symmetric(asymmetric)universal quantum cloning and optimal symmetric(asymmetric)phase-covariant cloning.Compared to previous schemes,our scheme is more insensitive to actual environmental noise and can get higher fidelity in a current cavity quantum electrodynamics system with an entangled state acting as a quantum channel than a single-photon pulse.

各向异性抛物势对非对称半指数量子阱中杂质极化子基态能量的影响

当非对称半指数量子阱中在阱的生长方向存在非对称半指数受限势,而在垂直于阱的生长方向存在各向异性抛物受限势时,我们理论上研究了类氢杂质対非对称半指数量子阱中弱耦合杂质极化子基态能量性质的影响.应用线性组合算符方法和两次幺正变换导出了非对称半指数量子阱中弱耦合杂质极化子的基态能量.我们挑选非对称半指数GaAs半导体量子阱晶体为例,计算了非对称半指数量子阱中弱耦合杂质极化子的基态能量与库仑杂质势的强度,非对称半指数受限势的两个正参数和x方向和y方向的各向异性抛物势的受限强度变换关系.通过数值我们发现非对称半指数量子阱中弱耦合杂质极化子的基态能量随库仑杂质势的强度的增加而增大,杂质极化子的基态能量是参量U和x方向和y方向的各向异性抛物势的受限强度的的增函数,而它是参量σ的减函数.表现了奇特的量子尺寸限制效应.