Negative Stiffness Mechanism on An Asymmetric Wave Energy Converter by Using A Weakly Nonlinear Potential Model

Salter's duck,an asymmetrical wave energy converter(WEC)device,showed high efficiency in extracting energy from 2D regular waves in the past;yet,challenges remain for fluctuating wave conditions.These can potentially be addressed by adopting a negative stiffness mechanism(NSM)in WEC devices to enhance system efficiency,even in highly nonlinear and steep 3D waves.A weakly nonlinear model was developed which incorporated a nonlinear restoring moment and NSM into the linear formulations and was applied to an asymmetric WEC using a time domain potential flow model.The model was initially validated by comparing it with published experimental and numerical computational fluid dynamics results.The current results were in good agreement with the published results.It was found that the energy extraction increased in the range of 6%to 17%during the evaluation of the effectiveness of the NSM in regular waves.Under irregular wave conditions,specifically at the design wave conditions for the selected test site,the energy extraction increased by 2.4%,with annual energy production increments of approximately 0.8MWh.The findings highlight the potential of NSM in enhancing the performance of asymmetric WEC devices,indicating more efficient energy extraction under various wave conditions.

High efficiency and high transmission asymmetric polarization converter with chiral metasurface in visible and near-infrared region

Polarization manipulation of light is of great importance because it could promote development of wireless communications,biosensing,and polarization imaging.In order to use natural light more efficiently,it is highly demanded to design and fabricate high performance asymmetric polarization converters which could covert the natural light to one particular linearly polarized light with high efficiency.Traditionally,polarizers could be achieved by controllers with crystals and polymers exhibiting birefringence.However,the polarizers are bulky in size and the theoretical conversion efficiency of the polarizers is limited to 0.5 with unpolarized light incidence.In this paper,we propose a polarization converter which could preserve high transmission for one linearly polarized light and convert the orthogonal linearly polarized light to its cross-polarized with high transmittance based on a multi-layer chiral metasurface.Theoretical results show that normally incident y-polarized light preserves high transmittance for the wavelength range from 685 nm to 800 nm while the orthogonal normally incident x-polarized light is efficiently converted to the y-polarized light with high transmittance from 725 nm to 748 nm.Accordingly,for unpolarized light incidence,transmittance larger than 0.5 has been successfully achieved in a broadband wavelength range from 712 nm to 773 nm with a maximum transmittance of 0.58 at 732 nm.

Asymmetrical mirror optimization for a 140 GHz TE_(22,6) quasi-optical mode converter system

We introduce an asymmetrical mirror design to a 140 GHz TE_（22,6） quasi-optical（QO） mode converter system to correct the asymmetry of the beam＇s field distribution caused by the Denisov launcher. By such optimization, the output beam with better symmetrical distribution is obtained at the system＇s output window. Based on the calculated results,the QO mode converter system＇s performance is already satisfying without iterative phase correction. Scalar and vector correlation coefficients between the output beam and the fundamental Gaussian beam are respectively 98.4% and 93.0%,while the total power transmission efficiency of the converter system is 94.4%. The assistance of optical ray tracing to the design of such QO mode converters is introduced and discussed as well.

Research of matrix converter based on asymmetric regular sampling method SPWM control strategy

Based on the topological analysis of three-phase matrix AC to AC conversion circuit, an AC to AC nine-switch matrix isequivalent to rectification part and conversion part. The Matrix converter can be viewed as AC-DC-AC converter, the asymmetricregular sampling method SPWM(Sine Pulse Width Modulation) is studied and applied in the three-phase matrix AC to AC converter,Based on Matlab/simulink the simulation of the matrix converter with such strategy is carried out. Inductive load simulation is carriedout on the matrix converter prototype. The simulation results verify the workability of the asymmetric regular sampling method SPWMstrategy for matrix converter.

An Electroabsorption Modulator Monolithically Integrated with a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and a Dual-Waveguide Spot-Size Converter

A semiconductor optical amplifier and electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated with a spotsize converter input and output is fabricated by means of selective area growth,quantum well intermixing,and asymmetric twin waveguide technology. A 1550-1600nm lossless operation with a high DC extinction ratio of 25dB and more than 10GHz 3dB bandwidth are successfully achieved. The output beam divergence angles of the device in the horizontal and vertical directions are as small as 7.3°× 18.0°, respectively, resulting in a 3.0dB coupling loss with a cleaved single-mode optical fiber.

A New Front End Capacitive Converter Fed Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Ripple Minimization

This paper presents new converter for torque ripple minimization of three phases Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). The proposed converter has basic passive circuit which includes two diodes and one capacitor to the front end of an asymmetric converter with a specific end goal to get a high magnetization and demagnetization voltage. In view of this boost capacitor, the charge and demagnetization voltage are higher. Accordingly, it can reduce the negative torque generation from the tail current and enhance the output power. The proposed converter circuit is equipped for minimizing the SRM torque ripple furthermore enhancing the average torque when contrasted with traditional converter circuit. A three-phase SRM is modeled and the simulation output for no load and stacked condition depicts that the proposed converter has better performance when contrasted with traditional converter. It is appropriate for electric vehicle applications. The proposed framework is simulated by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink environment and their outcomes are examined extravagantly.

All optical wavelength converter and its application in optical network

All optical network （AON） is a hot topic in recent studies of optical fiber communications. Key techniques in AON include optical switching/routing, optical cross connection （OXC）, all optical wavelength conversion （AOWC）, all optical buffering, etc. Opti- cal switching/routing is in fact wavelength switching/ routing. OXC and wavelength conversion （WC） are introduced into cross nodes so that a virtual wavelength path is established. With WC, communication route is formed only if there is unused wavelength in an individual segment link. The rate wavelength usage is thus greatly increased. The blocking rate of network can be reduced by adding WCs, especially for huge capacity multiple nodes ones. Therefore, WC has attracted much attention in basic research of optical communication and is used in some experimental networks.This dissertation studies all optic wavelength conversion and its application, with the contributions in the following five aspects.

A Novel Asymmetrical Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter Suitable for Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources

This paper introduces a novel single-phase asymmetrical multilevel inverter suitable for hybrid renewable energy sources. The proposed inverter consists of two isolated DC sources and six power semiconductor controlled switches. The suggested inverter is capable of generating seven-level output when the input DC voltage is taken in the ratio of 1:2. The higher magnitude DC source is fed from Photo Voltaic (PV) panels, whereas the lower magnitude DC source is fed from Wind Turbine (WT) driven Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) generator. Both the renewable energy sources are connected to the inverter via two DC-DC boost converters connected in cascade (i.e. one for maximum power point tracking and another for DC-link voltage control). The proposed hybrid renewable energy source inverter is connected to single-phase grid via proper control systems. The complete system is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are presented in detail.

不对称工况模块化多电平换流器稳定性分析的矩阵降维

模块化多电平换流器(MMC)在对称工况下的建模与稳定性分析已经得到了广泛关注。实际工程中的MMC会处于不对称运行工况,如桥臂电感不对称、交流侧电压不对称等,不对称工况下的导纳建模与稳定性分析需要进一步展开研究。目前,考虑系统多频耦合的导纳模型与定量的导纳降维方法是不对称工况稳定性分析的难点。因此,文中主要建立了适用于不对称工况的MMC导纳模型,并对适用于MMC不对称工况下小扰动稳定性分析的矩阵降维方法展开研究。该降维方法基于导纳矩阵的向量范数,适用于“黑箱”系统及各种不对称工况,可定量评估各阶导纳矩阵的降维误差量。以中国鲁西背靠背异步联网工程广西侧为例,通过PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真验证了所建模型的准确性及所提降维方法在多种不对称工况下的适用性。

限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC变换器

频率控制的传统LLC谐振变换器往往受限于开关频率的有效调节范围,难以实现宽输出电压范围,为此,研究了一种限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC谐振变换器。采用双谐振腔且对应两变压器变比不同的不对称结构,能够根据原边开关组合的不同,使得双谐振腔分别工作在单半桥、双半桥和半桥+全桥3种不同的模式,从而获得3种不同的电压增益,并且保证每种模式之间归一化增益调节范围不超过1.5,可以在窄开关频率范围内实现宽输出电压范围。建立300 W的实验样机,验证了所提变换器可实现1~3倍的宽输出电压范围,并且实现了原边开关管的零电压开通和副边二极管的零电流关断,具有良好的软开关性能,验证了变换器的可行性。

LLC谐振变换器非对称变占空比软启动设计

LLC谐振变换器在传统启动方法中存在浪涌电流过大的问题,为解决此问题,提出一种非对称变占空比的软启动混合控制策略。通过使两个桥臂的对管脉冲保持一致,同时使上、下开关管占空比保持互补导通,得到一种非对称变占空比的软启动方法,再与降频控制方法相结合组成了软启动混合控制策略。搭建了一台LLC谐振变换器实验样机验证方案的可行性。实验结果表明,所提出的混合控制策略能抑制启动过程中的电流冲击,并能保持初级开关管的零电压开通(ZVS)特性。

光储联合发电系统不对称故障穿越控制策略

针对电网不对称故障下光伏发电系统输出功率与直流侧电压二倍频波动问题,提出了一种光储联合发电系统低电压穿越控制策略。在低电压穿越期间,充分利用光伏并网逆变器和储能变流器容量向电网输送有功和无功功率;在此基础上令储能变流器采取基于负序虚拟电导的负序电压补偿控制策略;同时,分析了单台以及多台储能变流器参与负序电压补偿的原理,并对负序虚拟电导进行了自适应优化设计。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能够有效削弱光伏发电系统输出功率与直流侧电压的二倍频波动。

网压不对称下MMC多目标控制参数优化选择研究

为解决多目标保护控制中调节参数难以确定的问题,引入有功功率波动和交流电流波动的权重因子,构建线性加权表达式;为获取最优权重因子,深入分析MMC(模块化多电平换流器)系统安全运行条件对权重选取的限制,建立权重优化选取模型。在此基础上提出一种MMC多目标协调控制策略,以抑制有功功率波动与协调交流电流不平衡度为目标,考虑系统最大允许电流、桥臂电容电压允许最大波动,不需要为了抑制过流、桥臂电压过压而额外增加控制环节。仿真实验表明了所提策略的可行性与有效性。

基于双不对称LLC半桥的全桥谐振变换器研究

双不对称LLC半桥的全桥谐振变换器是一种采用定频控制的改进型LLC谐振变换器,具有很高的效率.先指出不对称LLC半桥谐振变换器存在的问题,再详细分析双不对称LLC半桥电路的工作原理、工作模态及参数选择,并根据选择的器件参数对变换器模型进行仿真试验.结果表明,该变换器能减小励磁电流叠加的环流损耗、关断损耗和零电压导通的无容性损耗,大大提高变换效率.

基于Hexverter的AC/AC系统交流不对称故障控制策略研究

六边形模块化多电平换流器(hexagonal modular multilevel converter,Hexverter)作为一种新型的AC/AC功率变换器,在未来海上风电场并网及低频输电技术中有着广阔的应用前景。为了解决Hexverter在电力系统不对称故障工况的稳定运行,文章首先对Hexverter的拓扑结构和工作原理简要介绍,并对其支路电流、支路功率进行分析。然后,研究其AC/AC系统交流侧不对称故障工况下的控制策略,基于理论推导部分得出的Hexverter六个支路间功率分布的规律(即不相邻的三个支路功率分别相等的特征),设计了子模块电容电压均衡控制方法,共包含两部分控制,分别为六个支路间子模块电容电压均衡控制和每个支路内部n个子模块电容电压之间的均衡控制。考虑到支路电流含有两侧交流系统不同频率成分,基于比例谐振控制器,提出了一种对支路电流直接进行控制的方法。最后,通过算例中稳态工况与故障工况研究分别对其工作原理和文中所提出的控制策略有效性进行验证。结果表明,在二次侧交流系统发生BC相短路故障期间,整个系统保持稳定运行,各个子模块电压始终保持均衡,仿真结果验证了文中所提控制策略的有效性。

基于非对称占空比调制的DAB变换器优化策略

针对双有源桥(DAB)变换器在轻载及电压不匹配时损耗大、效率低的问题,此处提出了一种基于单侧非对称占空比调制(SSADM)的电感电流峰峰值优化策略,降低了损耗并且提升了变换器的效率。首先,分析了SSADM的工作原理及两种工作模态;然后,基于时域模型,推导了两种工作模态下的传输功率特性;接着,以电感电流峰峰值为优化目标,以传输功率为约束条件,得到了最优占空比及移相角;最后,基于StarSim硬件在环平台验证了所提优化算法的有效性。

一种APWM结合PFM降频的CLLC谐振变换器软启动策略

为减小CLLC谐振变换器在启动阶段的谐振冲击电流,提出一种不对称脉冲宽度调制(APWM)和脉冲频率调制(PFM)降频相结合的CLLC谐振变换器软启动策略。该策略由半桥APWM、全桥APWM和PFM降频等三个阶段组成。在半桥APWM阶段,开关管S1逐步增大占空比但保持最大开关频率;在全桥APWM阶段,开关管S4逐步减小占空比但保持最大开关频率;在PFM降频阶段,各个开关管固定占空比但逐步降低开关频率至谐振频率。在CLLC谐振变换器原理样机上验证了所提方案的可行性,同时与现有的软启动方案进行对比分析,仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的软启动策略能进一步减小启动阶段谐振电流。

120t复吹转炉底吹布置对熔池混匀的影响

转炉底吹的布置和流量控制对转炉熔池混匀的影响至关重要,是决定碳氧反应、脱磷反应的动力学条件。为了给国内某钢厂120t转炉的底吹供气元件布置方式提供理论依据,通过水模试验,研究了不同底吹布置方案及底吹流量对熔池搅拌均匀混合时间的影响,为确定最优底枪布置方式提供参考。结果表明,在保持其他参数一致的条件下,转炉底吹采用环形布置,底枪夹角为40°、底吹半径R=0.55 D的混匀效果较好;通过比较发现,非对称布置混匀效果要优于环形对称布置。实际应用过程中,若考虑对炉龄的影响,建议选择环形对称布置方式(夹角40°、R=0.55 D);若忽略对炉龄的影响,建议选择非对称布置方式。

海上风电低频输电系统低频侧不对称故障控制策略

低频海底电缆发生不对称故障时存在模块化多电平矩阵换流器(M3C)功率器件电流越限、非故障相过电压风险,严重影响海上风电低频输电系统(LFTS)的安全运行。针对上述问题,在充分发挥M3C高可控性的基础上,提出了一种适用于海底电缆不对称故障的控制策略:根据故障严重程度动态调整M3C低频侧电压,防止非故障相过电压;各子换流器通过抑制负序电流限制短路电流上升,保护功率器件免受过电流危害;计及控制策略的影响,通过建立系统故障等值模型进行故障分析。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了海上风电LFTS模型,仿真结果验证了所提控制策略和故障分析方法的有效性,其能够实现低频侧不对称故障下系统的稳定运行。