Peter Atkins教授是国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)教育委员会主席、英国牛津大学教授。他从事量子理论研究;也是全球著名的通俗科学作家。他认为化学教育有三大主要目标,训练洞察物质内部性质的能力;将定性概念转化为定量概念;成为...Peter Atkins教授是国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)教育委员会主席、英国牛津大学教授。他从事量子理论研究;也是全球著名的通俗科学作家。他认为化学教育有三大主要目标,训练洞察物质内部性质的能力;将定性概念转化为定量概念;成为转变物质的“魔术师”。学生在化学学习过程中会遇到三大困难:对化学的解释感到非常抽象;化学中有很多影响因素相互矛盾;化学的确不容易学。克服困难的对策是鼓励他们努力学习,激发学习的兴趣和劲头;要让学生明白化学课程的核心只是几个简单的概念;让学生知道这个世界充满着化学带来的奇迹。展开更多
Context: The scarcity of data addressing the health effects of popular diets is an important public health concern, especially since patients and physicians are interested in using popular diets as individualized eati...Context: The scarcity of data addressing the health effects of popular diets is an important public health concern, especially since patients and physicians are interested in using popular diets as individualized eating strategies for disease prevention. Objective: To assess adherence rates and the effectiveness of 4 popular diets(Atkins, Zone, Weight Watchers, and Ornish)for weight loss and cardiac risk factor reduction. Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-center randomized trial at an academic medical center in Boston, Mass, of overweight or obese(body mass index: mean, 35; range, 27-42)-adults aged 22 to 72 years with known hypertension, dyslipidemia, or fasting hyperglycemia. Participants were enrolled starting July 18, 2000, and randomized to 4 popular diet groups until January 24, 2002. Intervention: A total of 160 participants were randomly assigned to either Atkins(carbohydrate restriction, n=40),Zone(macronutrient balance, n=40), Weight Watchers(calorie restriction, n=40), or Ornish(fat restriction, n=40)diet groups. After 2 months of maximum effort, participants selected their own levels of dietary adherence. Main Outcome Measures: One-year changes in baseline weight and cardiac risk factors, and self-selected dietary adherence rates per self-report. Results: Assuming no change from baseline for participants who discontinued the study, mean(SD)weight loss at 1 year was 2.1(4.8)kg for Atkins(21[53 %] of 40 participants completed, P=.009), 3.2(6.0)kg for Zone(26[65%] of 40 completed,P=.002), 3.0(4.9)kg for Weight Watchers(26[65%] of 40 completed, P< .001), and 3.3(7.3)kg for Ornish(20[50%] of 40 completed, P=.007). Greater effects were observed in study completers. Each diet significantly reduced the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein(HDL)cholesterol ratio by approximately 10%(all P< .05), with no significant effects on blood pressure or glucose at 1 year. Amount of weight loss was associated with self-reported dietary adherence level(r=0.60; P< .001)but not with diet type(r=0.07; P=.40). For each diet, decreasing levels of total/HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin were significantly associated with weight loss(mean r=0.36, 0.37, and 0.39, respectively)with no significant difference between diets(P=.48, P=.57, P=.31, respectively). Conclusions: Each popular diet modestly reduced body weight and several cardiac risk factors at 1 year. Overall dietary adherence rates were low, although increased adherence was associated with greater weight loss and cardiac risk factor reductions for each diet group.展开更多
国家 ITS 中心与 Atkins 公司举行城市 ITS 技术交流会2月11日,国家 ITS 中心的技术人员与 Atkins 公司英国总部及北京办事处的工作人员在中心会议室进行了城市 ITS技术交流活动,国家 ITS 中心蔡华副主任、仲崇波主任助理、相关课题组...国家 ITS 中心与 Atkins 公司举行城市 ITS 技术交流会2月11日,国家 ITS 中心的技术人员与 Atkins 公司英国总部及北京办事处的工作人员在中心会议室进行了城市 ITS技术交流活动,国家 ITS 中心蔡华副主任、仲崇波主任助理、相关课题组成员以及中心其他技术人员参加了会议。ITS 中心仲崇波主任助理首先介绍了国家 ITS 中心的基本情况。随后,Atkins 公司英国总部 Neil 先生详细介绍了英国 ITS 的发展情况以及 Atkins 公司在交通运输领域和城市 ITS 方面所做的工作和相关研究工作。最后,ITS 中心部分技术人员与 Neil 先生进行了广泛深入的技术交流,双方对一些 ITS 技术问题进行了探讨,并在相关领域交换了意见。Atkins 公司作为在国际上领先的大型上市顾问集团公司,在交通运输和 ITS 方面有着丰富的咨询经验,与会双方均表达了希望在相关领域继续合作的意向。展开更多
文摘Context: The scarcity of data addressing the health effects of popular diets is an important public health concern, especially since patients and physicians are interested in using popular diets as individualized eating strategies for disease prevention. Objective: To assess adherence rates and the effectiveness of 4 popular diets(Atkins, Zone, Weight Watchers, and Ornish)for weight loss and cardiac risk factor reduction. Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-center randomized trial at an academic medical center in Boston, Mass, of overweight or obese(body mass index: mean, 35; range, 27-42)-adults aged 22 to 72 years with known hypertension, dyslipidemia, or fasting hyperglycemia. Participants were enrolled starting July 18, 2000, and randomized to 4 popular diet groups until January 24, 2002. Intervention: A total of 160 participants were randomly assigned to either Atkins(carbohydrate restriction, n=40),Zone(macronutrient balance, n=40), Weight Watchers(calorie restriction, n=40), or Ornish(fat restriction, n=40)diet groups. After 2 months of maximum effort, participants selected their own levels of dietary adherence. Main Outcome Measures: One-year changes in baseline weight and cardiac risk factors, and self-selected dietary adherence rates per self-report. Results: Assuming no change from baseline for participants who discontinued the study, mean(SD)weight loss at 1 year was 2.1(4.8)kg for Atkins(21[53 %] of 40 participants completed, P=.009), 3.2(6.0)kg for Zone(26[65%] of 40 completed,P=.002), 3.0(4.9)kg for Weight Watchers(26[65%] of 40 completed, P< .001), and 3.3(7.3)kg for Ornish(20[50%] of 40 completed, P=.007). Greater effects were observed in study completers. Each diet significantly reduced the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein(HDL)cholesterol ratio by approximately 10%(all P< .05), with no significant effects on blood pressure or glucose at 1 year. Amount of weight loss was associated with self-reported dietary adherence level(r=0.60; P< .001)but not with diet type(r=0.07; P=.40). For each diet, decreasing levels of total/HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin were significantly associated with weight loss(mean r=0.36, 0.37, and 0.39, respectively)with no significant difference between diets(P=.48, P=.57, P=.31, respectively). Conclusions: Each popular diet modestly reduced body weight and several cardiac risk factors at 1 year. Overall dietary adherence rates were low, although increased adherence was associated with greater weight loss and cardiac risk factor reductions for each diet group.
文摘国家 ITS 中心与 Atkins 公司举行城市 ITS 技术交流会2月11日,国家 ITS 中心的技术人员与 Atkins 公司英国总部及北京办事处的工作人员在中心会议室进行了城市 ITS技术交流活动,国家 ITS 中心蔡华副主任、仲崇波主任助理、相关课题组成员以及中心其他技术人员参加了会议。ITS 中心仲崇波主任助理首先介绍了国家 ITS 中心的基本情况。随后,Atkins 公司英国总部 Neil 先生详细介绍了英国 ITS 的发展情况以及 Atkins 公司在交通运输领域和城市 ITS 方面所做的工作和相关研究工作。最后,ITS 中心部分技术人员与 Neil 先生进行了广泛深入的技术交流,双方对一些 ITS 技术问题进行了探讨,并在相关领域交换了意见。Atkins 公司作为在国际上领先的大型上市顾问集团公司,在交通运输和 ITS 方面有着丰富的咨询经验,与会双方均表达了希望在相关领域继续合作的意向。
