Flow Injection Semi-online Preconcentration Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Determination of Cadmium,Copper and Manganese

A micro-flow injection sorbent extraction preconcentration system was combined with a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry that formed an integrated system for the determination of trace amounts of elements. The analytical performances of the prospsed method for determining Cd, Cu and Mn were studied. The analytes were preconcentrated with a thiol resin(Type 190, produced by Nankai University, China) whose active group is -SH. The elements to be determined were preconcentrated onto the column for 60 s and then rinsed with deionized water and eluted with 30 μL of 1 mol/L HCl. The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS) determination of the concentrated analyte was carried out in parallel with the next preconcentration cycle. Enrichment factors 41, 22 and 20 and detection limits(3 σ , n =10) 0.36, 3.8 and 7.0 ng/L for Cd, Cu and Mn, respectively, along with a sampling frequency of 20 h -1 , were obtained with a 60 s loading time at a sample flow rate of 3.5 mL/min. The analytical results for a number of water samples show that the flow-injection semi-online column preconcentration can not only eliminate the effect of some concomitant elements, such as Li, Na, K, Ca and Mg, on the determination of the analyte, but also enhance the sensitivity.

Investigation of Distribution for Trace Lead and Cadmium in Chinese Herbal Medicines and Their Decoctions by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Lead and cadmium in herbal medicines are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations. An effective method is developed for analysis of trace lead and cadmium in Chinese herbal medicines and their decoctions by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The effects of analytical conditions on absorbance were investigated and optimized. A water-dissolving capability for Pb and Cd was investigated, and the contents of different species in five Chinese herbal medicines and their decoctions were analyzed. The content ratios (kow) of n-octanol-soluble Pb or Cd to water-soluble Pb or Cd were evaluated, and the distribution of Pb and Cd in water decoction at stomach and intestine acidities was developed, in the first time. The contents of water-soluble Pb and Cd, n-octanol-soluble Pb and Cd, and their content ratios were related with the kind of medicine and the acidity of the decoction. The proposed method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and high speed, with 3 σ detection limits of 4.2 pg for Pb and 0.1 pg for Cd.

FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF COPPER IN CEREALS FOOD SAMPLES WITH THE PRECONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM TETRATITANATE WHISKER

A simple and reliable method has been developed for separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of copper ions in cereals food for subsequent measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The Cu2+ ions are adsorbed selectively and quantitatively during the passage. The retained copper ions were desorbed from the potassium tetratitanate whisker with 10.0mL of 2mol/L sulphuric acid solutions as eluent and were determined by FAAS. The linear range was 0.05μg/mL^0.20μg/mL in the original solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The detection limit of the proposed method is 2.1ng/mL in the original solution (3σ, n=9). Determination of copper in standard ions showed that the proposed method has good accuracy (recovery was more than 95%). The method was successfully applied for recovery and determination of copper in cereals food samples.

Application of Back-propagation Artificial Neural Network in Speciation of Cadmium

A method for predicting the five species contents of cadmium was developed by combining the back-propagation artificial neural network with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry（BP-ANN-GF-AAS）.Based on the strong learning function and the features of the information distributed storage of artificial neural network（ANN）,a single ANN was constituted in which only one determination point of every sample was required.The exchangeable,carbonated,Fe-Mn oxidable,organic and residual species of cadmium for 20 kinds of soil samples from the two sections of Changchun（China） were determined by BP-ANN-GF-AAS.The detection limit of the method is 0.024 μg/L and the limit of quantification is 0.080 μg/L.t-Test indicates that there is not any systemic error of the results obtained by the Tessier sequential extraction graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method（Tessier-GF-AAS） and BP-ANN-GF-AAS.Compared with those of the Tessier-GF-AAS,the prediction errors of BP-ANN-GF-AAS are less than 10%.The proposed method is fast,convenient,sensitive,and can eliminate the interference among various species.

Preconcentration of Cadmium in Environmental Samples by Cloud Point Extraction and Determination by FAAS

Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been used for the preconcentration of cadmium, after the formation of a complex with 1, 5-bis(di-2-pyridylmethylene) thiocarbonohydrazide (DPTH), and further determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) using Triton X-114 as surfactant. The main factors affecting the CPE, such as concentration of Triton X-114 and DPTH, pH, equilibration temperature and incubation time, were optimized for the best extract efficiency. Under the optimum conditions i.e., pH 5.4, [DPTH] = 6x10-3%, [Triton X-114] = 0.25% (v/v), an enhancement factor of 10.5 fold was reached. The lower limit of detection (LOD) obtained under the optimal conditions was 0.95 μg L?1. The precision for 8 replicate deter- minations at 20 and 100 μgL?1 Cd were 2.4 % and 2 % relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). The calibration graph using the preconcentration method was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0,998 at levels close to the detection limit up to at least 200 μgL?1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium in water, environmental and food samples and in a BCR-176 standard reference material.

Determination of Cobalt in Food, Environmental and Water Samples with Preconcentration by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

A new method for the determination of cobalt was developed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction preconcentra-tion and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In the proposed approach, 1,5-bis(di-2-pyridyl) methylene thiocarbohydrazide (DPTH) was used as a chelating agent, and chloroform and ethanol were selected as extraction and dispersive solvents. Some factors influencing the extraction efficiency of cobalt and its subsequent determination, including extraction and dispersive solvent type and volume, pH of sample solution, concentration of the chelating agent, and extraction time, were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, a preconcentration factor of 8 was reached. The detection limit for cobalt was 12.4 ng?mL–1, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.42% (n = 7, c = 100 ng?mL–1). The method was successfully applied to the determination of cobalt in food, environmental and water samples.

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测量干香菇镉含量的不确定度来源评定

依据国家计量技术规范《测量不确定评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012),针对干香菇镉含量的原子吸收光谱法(石墨炉法)检测过程,分析测量不确定度的来源,不确定度主要来源于测量重复性、标准物质、样品制备、线性拟合标准曲线、石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪等5个方面,通过建立相应的数学模型,计算评定上述5个方面来源的相对标准不确定度分别为0.00743、0.00268、0.02275、0.00866和0.00005,合成标准不确定度为0.0151 mg∕kg,最终得出测量结果的扩展不确定度为0.03 mg∕kg。结果表明,在该试验中标准曲线线性拟合计算质量浓度是不确定度引入的最主要因素。

邻二氮菲荧光分光光度法测定粉状食品中铁的含量

基于在三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液中,邻二氮菲与Fe^(2+)形成的络合物使邻二氮菲荧光强度减弱的原理,提出了题示方法。取1.0000 g样品,加入8.00 mL硝酸和5.00 mL 30%(质量分数)过氧化氢溶液,静置过夜后加热至近干,加入5.00 mL硝酸和5.00 mL高氯酸,继续加热至近干,加入2.50 mL 1.0 mol·L^(−1)硝酸溶液溶解,用水定容至25 mL。取一定体积上述溶液(蛋白质粉固态饮料样品取1.00 mL、婴儿配方奶粉样品取1.50 mL和面粉样品取2.00 mL),加入1.00 mL 50.0 g·L^(−1)盐酸羟胺溶液,静置2 min,加入4.00 mL 5.00×10^(-4)mol·L^(−1)邻二氮菲工作溶液,混匀后加入2.50 mL1.0 mol·L^(−1)三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液(pH 8.5),用水定容至25 mL,静置10 min后在激发波长323 nm下,测量体系在363 nm处的荧光强度。结果表明:Fe^(3+)质量浓度在1.3440 mg·L^(−1)以内与邻二氮菲的荧光强度下降值呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.009 mg·L^(−1)。方法用于粉状食品中铁含量的测定,本底值的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.7%~7.6%;按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为94.6%~99.9%,测定值的RSD(n=5)为1.5%~4.1%。经F检验和t检验分析,本方法与紫外-可见分光光度法、火焰原子吸收光谱法测定结果无显著性差异,但本方法的灵敏度更高。

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水性食品油墨中铜与铅的溶出量

为探究水性油墨和印刷纸杯中可溶性铅和铜的溶出量,有效控制重金属迁移的安全风险,提出基于火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜与铅元素的溶出量方法。先配制两种水性食品油墨即深红油墨和深绿油墨,并分析其性能,然后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定两种油墨和印刷纸杯中铜和铅的溶出量。实验结果表明:两种油墨的物理状态较为稳定,铜与铅元素在检测中质量浓度与光谱强度线性关系良好,其相对标准偏差分别为1.64%与2.24%,回收率分别在94.0%~101.0%和91.0%~94.8%之间;时间和温度对重金属溶出有较大影响,100℃条件下2 h的铅与铜溶出量分别是25℃条件下24 h铅与铜的8.3与2.36倍;深红墨的安全性高于深绿墨,所配制油墨及纸杯中铅与铜元素的溶出量在高温或长时间使用下存在超标的风险,因而需要严格控制材料制品与食物接触的时间和温度。所建立的方法快速简单、经济环保,可满足企业日常检验的要求。

原子吸收光谱法和分光光度法测定土壤六价铬对比研究

土壤六价铬监测在耕地保护中具有重要意义,不同原理测定方法结果的一致性是准确测定土壤中六价铬及研制土壤六价铬标准物质的技术基础,目前国内测定土壤六价铬的唯一标准是HJ 1082—2019《土壤和沉积物六价铬的测定碱溶液提取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法》,但土壤中六价铬的测定存在较为严重的基体效应。为建立准确测定土壤中六价铬的方法,采用氢氧化钠-碳酸钠碱溶液、磷酸盐缓冲溶液-氯化镁体系提取土壤六价铬,用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和分光光度法(UV-Vis)测定,研究了基体效应对两种方法测定结果的影响。AAS测定土壤六价铬,基体干扰较为严重,制作标准曲线需要进行基体匹配,在线性范围0~2 mg/L线性良好,检出限0.42 mg/kg,方法精密度为2.1%;UV-Vis测定土壤六价铬几乎不受基体效应影响,以水为溶剂制备标准曲线,在线性范围0~0.2 mg/L线性良好,检出限0.12 mg/kg,方法精密度为3.4%。对分别来自安阳、安顺、兰州的低、中、高3种含量的实际样品测定,两种方法平行测定6次,经t检验两种方法无显著性差异,一致性较好,邀请国内十家高水平实验室进行协作定值实验,两种方法测定结果与其他实验室测定结果一致。通过基体匹配、稀释待测液和添加高锰酸钾等方法可显著减小基体效应、颜色及有机质对两种方法测定土壤六价铬的影响,两种方法均具有良好的精密度和正确度,适用于土壤六价铬的测定。

天然水体中钾、钠、钙、镁测定方法的比对

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定天然水体中钾、钠、钙、镁,比较相关系数、检出限、精密度、准确度和实际样品的测定,结果表明:两种方法均可用于天然水体中钾、钠、钙、镁的测定,且电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法更优。

四种稻米中镉检测方法比较研究

采用石墨炉原子吸收法、固体直接进样电热蒸发原子吸收光谱法、电化学阳极溶出伏安法和X射线荧光光谱法测定稻米中镉含量,对4种定量检测方法的准确度、精密度以及相对误差进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,固体直接进样电热蒸发原子吸收光谱法操作简单,无需化学前处理,单样检测时间在3 min左右,快速高效,精密度良好,可信度高。通过4种检测方法对比,固体直接进样电热蒸发原子吸收光谱法的测试结果准确度高,与国家标准方法相比相对误差多数在±10%以内,重复6次测定的RSD为3.9%,可作为一种新型快速检测稻米中镉的方法,具备方便快速、准确度高、重复性好等优点,在基层可广泛应用。

超级微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定不同类型土壤中的镉

采用超级微波消解仪对样品进行前处理,对比不同消解体系的消解效果,选择合适的消解体系,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定镉浓度,同时优化基体改进剂、灰化温度等工作参数,确定最佳的分析条件。探讨并建立超级微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定不同类型土壤镉含量的方法。在最优条件下,标准曲线在0~1.0μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999,检出限浓度为0.04μg/L,定量限浓度为0.12μg/L,方法准确度为94.5%~110%,相对标准偏差RSD为0.60%~5.4%,方法应用于不同类型土壤标准物质镉的测定,测得结果均在标准值范围内。方法简便快捷、准确高效、用酸量低、节约环保,便于在基层推广,适用于批量处理不同类型镉污染土壤样品。

超级微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定虾蛄中镉含量

为了比较超级微波和传统微波消解方法,建立一种能快速测定虾蛄镉的方法,分别采用超级微波和传统微波消解大虾标准物质,对比消解效果,优选消解方法,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定,优化基体改进剂、灰化温度等工作参数,确定最佳的分析方法,同时加标回收验证方法的准确性与可靠性。结果表明,两种消解方法下测得结果均在参考值范围内,在选定测定条件下,镉在0~2.0μg/L范围内,所得回归方程的线性关系良好(r≥0.999 4),检出限为0.04μg/L,定量限为0.12μg/L,加标回收率为88.5%~105%,精密度为2.9%~4.9%。超级微波消解优于传统微波消解,其耗酸量低、高效便捷、测得数据准确稳定,便于在基层推广,适用于批量虾蛄样品的镉污染监测工作。

超级微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定香菇中的镉

为建立一种快速批量检测香菇中镉的方法,分别采用湿法消解、普通微波消解和超级微波消解技术前处理香菇标准样品,对比消解效果,优化超级微波消解技术的酸体系和消解最终温度;采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪法测定,优化基体改进剂、灰化温度等工作参数,确定仪器最佳检测条件,验证分析方法的准确性和稳定性。结果表明,超级微波消解优于湿法消解和传统微波消解技术,准确性和重复性最佳,大幅减少用酸量的同时更加安全、高效,避免样品污染。在最优分析方法条件下,镉在0~4.0μg/L范围内所得回归方程线性关系良好,相关系数(R)为0.999 4,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度RSD为1.4%~2.5%。超级微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测的探索与应用为农产品镉含量批量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地表水中6种金属元素

建立了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地表水中铊、钒、锑、钴、镉、铍的分析方法。铊、钒、锑、钴、镉、铍的质量浓度在各自范围内与其对应的吸光度线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,样品的加标回收率在90.0%~104.7%之间,各金属元素的检出限分别为0.02、0.05、0.04、0.05、0.009和0.008μg·L^(-1),6次测试结果相对标准偏差为1.07%~3.13%。本方法操作简便,灵敏度高,检出限低,测试结果精密度和加标回收率良好,适用于地表水中痕量金属的分析。

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定化妆品中镉的不确定度评定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定化妆品中镉的含量,并评估其测量结果的不确定度。评定过程为按照测定步骤建立数学模型、识别不确定度来源、量化各不确定度分量及合成标准不确定度,最终得到扩展不确定度。经计算,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定化妆品中的镉含量为17.75 mg/kg,扩展不确定度为0.54 mg/kg(包含因子k=2),其中由标准曲线拟合引入的不确定度分量为该不确定度的主要来源。为此可采取提高标准曲线线性、增加被测溶液平行测定次数等措施降低不确定度,提高分析结果的准确度。

快速消解-原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中镉、铜的含量

建立了一种快速消解-原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中镉和铜含量的方法。采用快速消解法消解土壤,用原子吸收光谱法测定镉和铜的含量。镉和铜的回收率分别为83.0%~90.0%、85.0%~93.7%,且测定6份标准物质,镉和铜的相对标准偏差分别为2.70%、1.26%。建立的快速消解-原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中镉、铜的检测方法准确、可靠,适用于土壤中镉和铜含量的检测。

不完全快速消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定婴幼儿食品中铅含量

建立不完全快速消解石墨炉原子吸收测定婴幼儿食品中铅含量的快速检测方法,提升工作效率,减少环境污染。分别对消解试剂及用量、消解温度、消解时间进行优化,得出不完全快速消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的方案,并对方法进行验证和应用。结果表明,回收率在106%~137%之间,精密度在7%以内,准确度和精密度较好。该方法适用于铅含量较高的样品,可用于重金属污染等食品安全事件中铅含量的快速检测,可以为监管部门提供技术支持。