Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in China and Its Risk Factors

Objective To study the prevalence of atrial fibrillation （AF） and the relation with its risk factors in China. Methods A total of 19 363 participants （8635 males and 10 728 females） aged 〉35 years in geographically dispersed urban and rural regions of China were included in this cross-sectional survey. All participants received questionnaire, physical and blood examination. Echocardiography were performed for AF patients found in the survey. Results Of the 19 363 participants, 199 were diagnosed with AF. The estimated age-standardized prevalence of AF was 0.78% in men and 0.76% in women. The prevalence of AF in participants aged 〈60 years was 0.41% in men and 0.43% in women, and was 1.83% in both men and women aged 〉_60 years. About 19.0% of males and 30.9% of females with AF were diagnosed with valve disease. Age- and sex-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy （LVH）, obesity, and alcohol consumption were associated with a increased risk of AF（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The age standardized prevalence of AF is 0.77% in the participants enrolled in the present study. The number of AF cases aged 〉35 years is 5.26 million according to 2010 Chinese Census. Most risk factors for AF, identified mainly in Western countries, are also detected in China.

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Objective: To discuss the risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: The 150 cases of patients with atrial fibrillation were analyzed in the first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University who were treated in the cardiovascular department, general medicine department and gerontology department from August 2018 to June 2019. We used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score to evaluate cognitive function of patients with atrial fibrillation. According to the level of education and MMSE score, patients with atrial fibrillation were divided into three groups: normal cognitive function group, mild cognitive impairment group (MCI) and dementia group. And then the demographic data, the previous use of taking drugs, the results of ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG) and laboratory test were analyzed. Results: 1) The basic situation of research object: a total of 150 patients with atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the study, and the average age of these patients was 65.05 ± 8.74 years old, which included 78 males (52%) and 72 females (48%). The mean MMSE score was 23.42 ± 4.65. According to MMSE score, 86 cases (57.3%) of cognitive dysfunction occurred in 150 patients with atrial fibrillation, which included 41 cases (27.3%) of mild cognitive impairment and 45 cases (30%) of dementia. 2) The comparison of general clinical data: there were significant differences in age, smoking, level of education, left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial diameter, D-dimer, fibrinogen, homocysteine, platelet and previous use of taking warfarin, dabigatran, CCB, statins among the three groups (P < 0.05). 3) The linear correlational analysis between risk factors of cognitive function and MMSE score in patients with atrial fibrillation: there was a positive correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction and MMSE score, but age, left atrial diameter, homocysteine, low density lipoprotein, platelet, BMI, NT-proBNP, D-dimer were negatively correlated with MMSE score. 4) The risk factors with statistical significance in ANOVA were analyzed by ordinal and multinomial logistic regression, which showed that age (OR = 1.174, 95% CI: 0.091 - 0.231), the level of education (illiteracy OR = 4.162, 95% CI: -0.032 - 2.955, primary school OR = 2.751, 95% CI: -0.172 - 2.197, junior high school OR = 3.539, 95% CI: -0.048 - 2.577, senior high school and special secondary school OR = 1.332, 95% CI: -1.080 - 1.655), no CCB (OR = 1.174, 95% CI: 0.091 - 0.231), no warfarin (OR = 13.749, 95% CI: 1.480 - 3.762), no dabigatran (OR = 16.395, 95% CI: 1.462 - 4.131), D-dimer (OR = 2.745, 95% CI: -0.611 - 2.631), fibrinogen (OR = 3.228, 95% CI: 0.399 - 1.946) were related to the high occurrence of cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions: 1) Patients with atrial fibrillation had a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction (the incidence of 57.4%). 2) There was a positive correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction and MMSE score, but age, left atrial diameter, homocysteine, low density lipoprotein, platelet, BMI, NT-proBNP, and D-dimer were negatively correlated with MMSE score. 3) High level of education, previous use of taking warfarin and dabigatran etexilate were protective factors for cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation;but age, previous use of taking CCB, D-dimer and fibrinogen were the risk factors in patients with atrial fibrillation.

New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation in a Medical ICU: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors of new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in a single medical ICU. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a 10 bed single medical ICU over a period of 18 months. All patients with sinus rhythm admitted in the medical ICU were included. Those presenting with any arrhythmia on admission, having a PACEMAKER or having undergone a recent cardiothoracic surgery were excluded. Results: Of the 377 patients included on the study, atrial fibrillation occurred in 26 patients (7%). Patients who developed AF were older, had higher severity scores on admission, and required significantly more fluids, catecholamine, and mechanical ventilation. They had a longer ICU and hospital LOS. ICU mortality was significantly higher in AF patients. Five inde- pendent risk factors of AF were identified by multivariate analysis: advanced age, the presence of COPD, sepsis, car- diogenic shock, and hypoxemia. Conclusion: AF occurs in approximately 7% of medical critically ill patients and is associated with age, a history of COPD, the presence of sepsis, cardiogenic shock and hypoxemia. AF occurs in more critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly

Objective: To investigate the epidemiobgical characteristics of the elderly with atrial fibrillation (AF) in age, gender, the types of AF and relative causes. And To analyze the risk factors of persistent AF (PeAF), then use them to guide to prevent and treat for AF in the elderly.Methods: Collect the data of elderly patients with AF who were admitted to Liaoning People's Hospital from September 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017, and summarize the epidemiological characteristics of AF in the elderly. The risk factors for PeAF were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and mltivariate logistic regression analysis. Result: 1. In the elderly, the number of AF cases increase with age. The group of 75-84 years old was the largest part. The number of older females was larger than male in all ages. It was important to pay more attention to old woman with AF. 2.In the elderly, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is popular. The top three causes of AF in the elderly were CHD, hypertension and heart failure. In the elderly, comorbidities were frequent, and the management was a major therapeutic objective. 3.CRP, 1eft atria diameter were the independent risk factors for PeAF in the elderly.

Cardiovascular risk factors for acute stroke: Risk profiles in the different subtypes of ischemic stroke

Timely diagnosis and control of cardiovascular risk factors is a priority objective for adequate primary and secondary prevention of acute stroke. Hypertension, atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus are the most common risk factors for acute cerebrovascular events, although novel risk factors, such as sleep-disordered breathing, inflammatory markers or carotid intima-media thickness have been identified. However, the cardiovascular risk factors profile differs according to the different subtypes of ischemic stroke. Atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease are more frequent in patients with cardioembolic infarction, hypertension and diabetes in patients with lacunar stroke, and vascular peripheral disease, hypertension, diabetes, previous transient ischemic attack and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with atherothrombotic infarction. This review aims to present updated data on risk factors for acute ischemic stroke as well as to describe the usefulness of new and emerging vascular risk factors in stroke patients.

Prediction of atrial fibrillation development and progression:current perspectives

Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Several conventional and novel predictors of AF development and progression(from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent types) have been reported. The most important predictor of AF progression is possibly the arrhythmia itself. The electrical, mechanical and structural remodeling determines the perpetuation of AF and the progression from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent forms. Common clinical scores such as the hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, transient ischemic attack or stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure and the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category scores as well as biomarkers related to inflammation may also add important information on this topic. There is now increasing evidence that even in patients with so-called lone or idiopathic AF, the arrhythmia is the manifestation of a structural atrial disease which has recently been defined and described as fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy. Fibrosis results from a broad range of factors related to AF inducing pathologies such as cell stretch, neurohumoral activation, and oxidative stress. The extent of fibrosis as detected either by late gadolinium enhancement-magnetic resonance imaging or electroanatomic voltage mapping may guide the therapeutic approach based on the arrhythmia substrate. The knowledge of these risk factors may not only delay arrhythmia progression, but also reduce the arrhythmia burden in patients with first detected AF. The present review highlights on the conventional and novel risk factors of development and progression of AF.

Association between big endothelin-1 and CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc scores in non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Background Endothelial function,as measured by big endothelin-1(ET-1),has been demonstrated to be useful in predicting adverse long-term events in patients with cardiovascular disease.Nevertheless,there are little data about the association between big ET-1 and thromboembolism risk in atrial fibrillation(AF).We aimed to investigate the relationship between big ET-1 and CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc scores used for evaluating thromboembolic risk in patients with non-valvular AF.Methods The study population consisted of 238 consecutive AF patients(67.6%with paroxysmal AF and 32.4%with persistent AF).The patients were divided into two groups(high-or low-intermediate risk group)based on CHADS2 and CHA2 DS2-VASc scores(score≥2 or<2,respectively).Clinical,laboratory,and echocardiographic parameters were evaluated,and the CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc scores were compared between groups.The association between big ET-1 levels and CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc score was assessed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc scores.Results The high CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc score group had older age,higher big ET-1 levels,and enlarged left atrial diameter than the low CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc score group(P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that big ET-1 level was an independent determinant of high CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc scores[odds ratio(OR)=2.545 and OR=3.816;both P<0.05].Conclusions Our study indicates that in non-valvular AF,big ET-1 was significantly correlated with CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc scores and an independent predictor of high CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc scores.Big ET-1 may serve as a useful marker for risk stratification in this setting.

Predictors of post coronary artery bypass grafting atrial fibrillation

Objective： To investigate the incidence and relative risk factors of post coronary artery bypass grafting（post-CABG） atrial fibrillation （AF）. Methods： 312 patients with CABG were reviewed and divided into an AF group and a non-AF group. Statistical analysis was used to compare the data between the two groups and screen for risk factors of post-CABG AF. Results： 103/312 （33.01%） patients developed post-CABG AF. Univariate analysis showed that patients in AF group compared with those in non-AF group were more likely to have advanced age （≥ 70 years）, early postoperative withdrawal of β-blockers, hypertension, left atrial enlargement （≥40 mm）, a history of AF, prolonged p-wave duration （≥ 120 ms） and increased number of grafts （≥13）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age （≥70 years）, early postoperative withdrawal of β-blockers, hypertension, left atrial enlargement （≥40 mm） and a history of AF were highly related to post-CABG AF. Conclusion： The incidence of AF in patients following CABG was 33.01% in this study. Advanced age, early postoperative withdrawal of 13-blockers, hypertension, left atrial enlargement and a history of AF were independent risk factors of post-CABG AF.

Risk factors associated with recurrent stroke: A retrospective hospital-based study

Objective:To determine the prevalence of the recurrent stroke and its risk factors in the city of Ahvaz,Iran.Methods:The present study investigated the medical records of 389 ischemic stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology,Ahvaz Hospitals from March 2015 to January 2016.Patients'information was collected.Patients who suffered recurrent stroke but survived were followed up for at least 12 months after the first attack,and their medical records were collected.Results:The incidence rate of recurrent stroke was 14.91%(n=58).There was a significant relationship between the incidence rate of recurrent ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation(OR=2.012,P<0.05)and ischemic heart disease(OR=1.695,P<0.05).However,there was no significant relationship between recurrent stroke and age,sex,dyslipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,and cigarette smoking(P>0.05).Conclusions:Patients with a history of atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease were at a higher risk of recurrent ischemic stroke.The incidence can be reduced by better treatment of atrial fibrillation and active follow-up.

导管消融术治疗老年持续性心房颤动的疗效分析

目的分析导管消融术治疗老年持续性心房颤动的疗效和术后复发的独立危险因素。方法纳入2019年1月至2021年12月于解放军总医院第一医学中心心血管内科接受导管消融术的持续性心房颤动患者194例,根据年龄分为老年组99例(≥60岁)及非老年组95例(<60岁)。比较2组患者手术特征、术后并发症及复发情况,分析老年组患者术后复发的独立危险因素。结果老年组年龄、B型钠尿肽、高血压、冠心病、CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc评分及HAS-BLED评分高于非老年组,男性、估算肾小球滤过率低于非老年组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。老年组左心房纤维化比例高于非老年组(30.3%vs 8.4%,P=0.001)。老年组术后出现1例心包积液,2例穿刺部位血肿,均经治疗后好转。老年组与非老年组术后1年成功率比较无显著差异(71.7%vs 69.5%,P=0.763);老年组与非老年组空白期复发率比较无显著差异(21.2%vs 21.1%,P=0.981)。心房颤动持续时间(HR=1.020,95%CI:1.007~1.032,P=0.002)和空白期复发(HR=6.781,95%CI:3.078~14.935,P=0.001)是老年组患者术后复发心房颤动的独立危险因素。结论导管消融术治疗老年持续性心房颤动安全有效,心房颤动持续时间长和空白期复发的老年患者术后1年内更容易出现复发。

老年心房颤动患者导管射频消融术后复发现状及其影响因素

目的研究老年心房颤动(AF)患者导管射频消融术(RFCA)后复发现状及其影响因素。方法选取2019年1月至2019年12月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院接受RFCA治疗的794例AF患者为样本开展研究,术后采用24 h动态心电图随访1年,根据是否复发将患者分为复发组和对照组,分析术后复发危险因素,建立logistic回归模型并评估其预测价值。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验及χ^(2)检验。采用多因素logistic回归分析研究老年AF患者RFCA术后复发的影响因素。结果794例患者失访8例(1.01%),完成随访的786例患者中复发104例(15.25%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.113,95%CI 1.041~1.190)、糖尿病(OR=1.697,95%CI 1.018~2.831)、左房内径(LAD;OR=1.135,95%CI 1.025~1.257)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C;OR=1.229,95%CI 1.044~1.446)以及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP;OR=1.096,95%CI 1.004~1.197)为老年AF患者RFCA术后复发独立危险因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示:根据logistic回归模型预测AF患者RFCA术后复发风险的ROC曲线下面积为0.939(95%CI 0.885~0.973;P<0.001),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示预测值与实际观测值具有良好一致性(χ^(2)=1.279;P=0.461)。结论老年AF患者RFCA术后复发率较高,其中年龄、糖尿病、LAD、LDL-C和hs-CRP是术后复发的独立危险因素,根据上述因素建立的logistic回归模型对预测复发具有良好参考价值。

Prevalence and risk factors of atrial fibrillation in preterminal inpatients aged 60 years and over

Background Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia and a major risk factor for ischaemic stroke. We investigated the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and its relation to age, gender and underlying heart disease in patients aged 60 years and over who died during hospitalization.Methods Between 1955 and 2005, 1519 autopsies of in-hospital deaths in Beijing Hospital were performed. Among them, 540 cases met criteria of age ≥60 years and full clinical history including electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, myocardial perfusion images and detailed cardiac pathology records from autopsy.Results Atrial fibrillation occurred in 193 of 540 patients and prevalence increased with age （10.5% in patients younger than 60 years, 39.6% （80-89 years） and 54.8% （≥ 90 years）） being higher in patients with underlying heart disease than without heart disease （P 〈0.0001）. Coronary artery disease （CAD）, congestive heart failure, cardiac valve dysfunction and chronic renal failure were associated with a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation （P 〈0.001）. CAD with anterior myocardial infarction or left anterior descending artery disease was also associated with an increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation （P 〈0.05）. Following autopsy, clinical misdiagnosis of CAD increased with age and missed clinical diagnosis of CAD decreased with age. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed independent predictors of atrial fibrillation： age （OR=1.335, 95% CI： 1.114-1.600, P 〈0.0001）, underlying heart disease （OR=2.019, 95% CI： 1.244-3.278, P 〈0.005）, chronic heart failure （OR=1.873, 95% CI： 1.272-2.757, P 〈0.005）, mitral regurgitation （OR=2.163, 95% CI： 1.093-4.278, P 〈0.05） and mitral stenosis （OR=33.575, 95% CI： 2.852-395.357, P 〈0.05）.Conclusions A high prevalence of atrial fibrillation was found in Chinese patients ≥60 years who died in hospital, especially when associated with underlying heart disease. The independent risk factors of atrial fibrillation were age, underlying heart disease, congestive heart failure and mitral valve dysfunction. High clinical misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of CAD were associated with age.

住院人群心房颤动发病风险的动态评估

目的:本研究旨在评估随访中的C2HEST评分在预测住院人群新发心房颤动风险中的作用。方法:本研究采由北京大学第三医院大数据管理中心建立的临床随访数据库。标记随访过程中包含在C2HEST评分内的新发疾病。计算基线状态及随访中的C2HEST评分。评价随访C2HEST评分在预测新发心房颤动风险中的表现。结果:共计120133例患者(346,400人-年随访)纳入分析,2304例研究对象出现心房颤动(发病率0.67/100人/年)。C2HEST评分在随访过程中显著增长,其中发生心房颤动的患者平均C2HEST评分从1.62增长至2.96,高于无心房颤动发生组。相当比例的患者出现新诊断疾病(心房颤动组:61.9%delta-C2HEST≥1;非心房颤动组:14.6%delta-C2HEST≥1)。心房颤动组患者的主要新增合并症为心力衰竭(绝对增长22.4%)与冠心病(绝对增长20.2%)。非心房颤动组患者主要新增合并症为高血压(绝对增长7.5%)。随访中的C2HEST评分在预测新发心房颤动中的表现显著优于基线时的C2HEST评分(曲线下面积:0.874比0.758),净临床改善指数显著(24.7%),同时临床决策曲线更佳。结论:在该住院随访人群中,个体新发心房颤动风险随时间推移、年龄增长逐渐增加。随访中的C2HEST评分在预测新发心房颤动中的表现明显优于基线状态下的C2HEST评分。

心房颤动患者华法林抗凝治疗初期发生抗凝过度的影响因素研究

背景心房颤动发病率高,是引起脑卒中、心血管疾病及全因死亡的重要危险因素,而适当的抗凝治疗是预防心房颤动相关性卒中的核心。华法林仍然是目前主要的抗凝药物,但其治疗窗较窄,固定剂量的华法林在治疗初期很容易导致过度或抗凝治疗不足,既往华法林抗凝过度的临床研究较少。目的分析心房颤动患者华法林抗凝治疗初期发生抗凝过度的流行病学和临床特征,并探讨发生抗凝过度的影响因素。方法该研究为单中心回顾性队列研究。纳入2017年1月—2022年12月临沂市人民医院收治的行华法林2.5 mg/d治疗的心房颤动患者552例为研究对象,收集患者临床资料,包括年龄、性别、体质量、心房颤动类型(非瓣膜型/瓣膜型)、合并疾病(高血压、糖尿病、低蛋白血症、转氨酶异常、心力衰竭)、联合用药情况(联合用药数量、联用抗菌药物、联用胺碘酮),收集患者治疗前实验室检查结果,包括血清白蛋白(Alb)、血清肌酐(Scr)、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,收集患者治疗前国际标准化比值(INR)和用药7 d后INR。根据华法林治疗7 d后INR是否>3.0将患者分为抗凝过度组(INR>3.0,n=122)和未抗凝过度组(INR≤3.0,n=430),比较两组患者资料,并采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探究华法林抗凝治疗初期发生抗凝过度的影响因素。结果抗凝过度组患者年龄,女性、瓣膜型心房颤动、低蛋白血症、转氨酶异常比例,联合用药数量,联用胺碘酮比例,AST高于未抗凝过度组;体质量、高血压比例、糖尿病比例、Alb、ALT低于未抗凝过度组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥65岁(OR=1.954,95%CI=1.243~3.073,P=0.004)、体质量≤63 kg(OR=2.967,95%CI=1.841~4.783,P<0.001)、联合用药数量>5种(OR=1.976,95%CI=1.175~3.323,P=0.010)、Scr≥91μmol/L(OR=2.087,95%CI=1.222~3.561,P=0.007)是心房颤动患者华法林抗凝治疗初期发生抗凝过度的独立危险因素,而糖尿病(OR=0.424,95%CI=0.191~0.939,P=0.034)是心房颤动患者华法林抗凝治疗初期发生抗凝过度的保护因素。结论年龄≥65岁、体质量≤63 kg、联合用药数量>5种、Scr≥91μmol/L可能是心房颤动患者华法林抗凝治疗初期发生抗凝过度的危险因素,而糖尿病可能是心房颤动患者华法林抗凝治疗初期发生抗凝过度的保护因素。对于高龄、低体质量、多种药物联合使用、Scr水平升高的华法林抗凝治疗患者应密切监测INR水平。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并2型糖尿病患者的临床特征和危险因素分析与治疗

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)的临床特点,分析与其相关的临床特征及危险因素。方法:本研究为单中心横断面研究。收集遂宁市中心医院呼吸与危重症医学科2020年3月至2023年1月的住院AECOPD患者479例,经排除标准筛选后,最终纳入患者为275例。其中AECOPD组患者为215例,AECOPD合并T2DM组患者为60例。收集变量包括人口学资料、合并症、血常规、感染指标、随机血糖、血气分析和肺功能等指标。基本描述分类资料采用率及构成比表示,正态分布计量资料采用均数±标准差,偏态分布计量资料采用中位数±四分位数间距表示,符合正态分布的计量资料采用t检验;对于非正态分布计量资料采用非参数检验,分类变量采用卡方检验。等级变量数据采用秩和检验。采用二分类Logistic回归模型探讨AECOPD患者合并T2DM的独立相关因素。最后,采用nomogram、效验曲线、ROC曲线和DCA曲线对Logistic回归结果进行验证和可视化。设P<0.05为具有统计学差异。结果:单因素分析显示两组患者的体质量指数(BMI)、原发性高血压、冠心病、心房颤动(Af)、肺功能(GOLD stage)、血中性粒细胞(NS)数、血淋巴细胞(LYM)数、动脉血气(PaCO_(2))、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和随机血糖值(RBG)有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。采用上述10个变量构建二元Logistic回归方程(C-index=0.847),结果显示BMI(OR=1.309)、Af(OR=8.188)、LYM数(OR=0.474)、PaCO_(2)(OR=1.082)和RBG(OR=1.434)与AECOPD患者合并T2DM独立相关(P均<0.05)。Nomogram及相关曲线对Logistic回归结果进行验证和可视化。效应曲线MAE为0.021和ROC曲线AUC为0.847,提示该模型具有良好的预测一致性和准确性。DCA曲线显示nomogram的风险阈值在0.01~0.99时该模型的预测净获益>0,提示有较好的临床预测价值。结论:本研究结果显示增高的BMI、PaCO_(2)和随机血糖,降低的血LYM数,及Af是AECOPD合并T2DM的独立相关的临床特征。该结果提示AECOPD合并T2DM的免疫功能受损更严重,更容易伴发Af,是导致这部分患者预后不良的潜在因素。同时,该结论需要在多中心大样本的研究中进一步验证。

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的危险因素分析

目的探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的危险因素。方法选取2016年1月至2023年5月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院住院的因非瓣膜性心房颤动服用新型口服抗凝药的患者,纳入在住院期间发生消化道出血的患者作为出血组,根据年龄、性别及新型口服抗凝药的类型和剂量进行1∶2随机匹配,纳入在住院期间未发生消化道出血的患者作为未出血组。收集2组患者一般资料、合并症、药物使用、化验指标等信息。采用Logistic回归分析探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC)以评估危险因素对非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的预测价值。结果共纳入服用新型口服抗凝药的患者153例,其中出血组患者51例,未出血组患者102例。出血组患者合并冠心病(冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病)、心功能不全、既往消化道出血史、消化性溃疡、贫血、慢性肾功能不全、静脉血栓栓塞症、周围血管病比例均高于未出血组(均P<0.05)。出血组患者的基线血红蛋白水平低于未出血组,中性粒细胞百分比、血尿素氮、D-二聚体水平高于未出血组(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,冠心病(比值比=4.678,95%置信区间:1.600~13.677)、既往消化道出血史(比值比=9.906,95%置信区间:1.449~67.742)、慢性肾功能不全(比值比=4.893,95%置信区间:1.122~21.330)、贫血(比值比=13.487,95%置信区间:1.847~98.496)、D-二聚体(比值比=1.001,95%置信区间:1.000~1.003)是新型口服抗凝药治疗非瓣膜性心房颤动时发生消化道出血的独立危险因素。联合上述指标绘制ROC曲线,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.905(95%置信区间:0.854~0.955,P<0.001)。结论冠心病、既往消化道出血史、慢性肾功能不全、贫血、D-二聚体是非瓣膜性心房颤动患者服用新型口服抗凝药发生消化道出血的独立危险因素。

心房颤动介入术后医源性房间隔缺损右向左分流发生情况及其临床影响的研究

目的探讨心房颤动(房颤)患者介入治疗中行房间隔穿刺术后造成医源性房间隔缺损(iASD)的右向左分流(RLS)发生情况及影响因素,并分析其与新发偏头痛之间的相关性,为相关临床事件的预防和治疗提供依据。方法选取2022年11月至2023年3月阜阳市人民医院心血管内科收治的行房颤介入手术[包括导管射频消融术(RFCA)、经皮左心耳封堵术(LAAC)、“一站式”(RFCA+LAAC)手术]的患者54例,根据术后48 h内iASD是否存在RLS分为RLS组24例与非RLS组30例,收集2组一般临床资料及超声指标,分析RLS的发生情况和影响因素,以及术后3个月内新发偏头痛情况。结果所有患者术后iASD均出现左向右分流,24例(44.44%)患者出现RLS,iASD为(5.12±0.80)mm。随访3个月,2组新发偏头痛比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RLS组年龄、持续性房颤比例、iASD尺寸大于非RLS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,iASD尺寸是发生RLS的危险因素(OR=2.245,95%CI:1.040~4.846,P=0.040)。结论房颤介入治疗术后iASD出现RLS较为常见,与患者早期出现新发偏头痛无相关性,iASD尺寸是发生RLS的危险因素。同时,iASD在血流动力学及临床事件方面的影响应予以关注。

益气养阴化瘀法治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀证中高危心房颤动的临床研究

目的:观察益气养阴化瘀法治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀证中高危心房颤动的临床疗效及安全性,并探究其作用机制。方法:选取2019年7月—2020年1月6所医院心血管科收治的90例心房颤动病人,脱落6例,采用随机数字表按1∶2分为对照组(28例)和观察组(56例)。对照组给予西药基础治疗,观察组给予西药基础治疗联合益气养阴化瘀法的复脉安心方治疗,两组均治疗24周。比较两组治疗前、治疗第12周、治疗第24周的中医证候积分、血清脑卒中指标[促甲状腺激素(TSH)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)]、炎性因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)]和血栓形成因子[血管性血友病因子(vWF)、D-二聚体(D-D)、P-选择素(GMP-140)]以及相关安全性指标。结果:治疗第12周、第24周,观察组中医证候积分低于对照组(P<0.05),且观察组中医证候积分低于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗第12周,观察组胸闷、盗汗评分低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗第24周,观察组胸闷、疲倦乏力、气短、盗汗评分低于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗第24周,观察组TSH、IGF-1水平低于对照组(P<0.05),且观察组TSH、IGF-1水平低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗第24周,观察组血清hs-CRP、IL-6、vWF、D-D、GMP-140水平改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前后安全性指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:益气养阴化瘀法治疗气阴两虚兼血瘀证中高危心房颤动病人,可改善中医证候积分,改善心房颤动症状,其机制可能通过减少血栓形成和炎性因子水平而预防脑卒中事件的发生。

心房颤动的可变危险因素:更应注重的风险管理

心房颤动(AF)是世界范围内最常见的心律失常,与患者的病死率密切相关。到目前为止,我国的患病人群已接近1000万。识别可控制的AF风险因素和制定适当的预防策略在减少致命性AF的发生和降低医疗保健系统成本方面有重大意义。AF的风险因素包括肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停等,饮酒、吸烟和久坐不动的生活方式也已经被认为是AF发生发展的重要因素。本文就AF可干预的相关危险因素在AF发生发展及治疗中的作用及与AF相关的每个潜在危险因素的机制作一综述。