The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder

Objective: To evaluate of the role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)in percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) with the Amplatzer septal occluder. Methods:Sixty- two patients (10 to 55 years of age) were selected for percutaneous closure of ASD bytrans-esophageal echocardiography, which was also used to monitor the procedure, to select theappropriate size of the Amplatzer device, to verify its position, and to access the immediateresults of the procedure. During the follow-up, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) or TEE was usedto evaluate the presence and magnitude of residual shunt (RS), device position, and right cardiacchamber diameters. Results: The mean ASD diameter by TTE ([19. 1 +- 5. 8] mm) was significantlysmaller (P< 0. 001) than the stretched diameter of the ASD (25. 1 +- 6. 4) mm. There are nosignificant differences between the TEE -measured value (23. 5+_6. 2) mm and the stretched diameterof the ASD (P > 0. 05). Due to proper patient selection all procedures were successful. There wasimmediate and complete closure in 61/62 patients, only one patients had trivial residual shunt.Follow- up was performed using TTE or TEE right after operation, 1 d, 1 month, 3 months, 6 monthsand yearly thereafter. Ail, patients remain asymptomatic without any clinical or technical problems.Conclusion: With the aid of TEE, percutaneous closure of ASD can be performed successfully, safely,and effectively.

Intelligent diagnosis of atrial septal defect in children using echocardiography with deep learning

Background Atrial septal defect(ASD)is one of the most common congenital heart diseases.The diagnosis of ASD via transthoracic echocardiography is subjective and time-consuming.Methods The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of automatic detection of ASD in children based on color Doppler echocardiographic static images using end-to-end convolutional neural networks.The proposed depthwise separable convolution model identifies ASDs with static color Doppler images in a standard view.Among the standard views,we selected two echocardiographic views,i.e.,the subcostal sagittal view of the atrium septum and the low parasternal four-chamber view.The developed ASD detection system was validated using a training set consisting of 396 echocardiographic images corresponding to 198 cases.Additionally,an independent test dataset of 112 images corresponding to 56 cases was used,including 101 cases with ASDs and 153 cases with normal hearts.Results The average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,recall,precision,specificity,F1-score,and accuracy of the proposed ASD detection model were 91.99,80.00,82.22,87.50,79.57,and 83.04,respectively.Conclusions The proposed model can accurately and automatically identify ASD,providing a strong foundation for the intelligent diagnosis of congenital heart diseases.

Reliability of Echocardiographic Pulmonary Vascular Resistance to Screen for the New Definition of Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension in Uncorrected Secundum Atrial Septal Defect

Background and Objective:The most feared complication of uncorrected secundum Atrial Septal Defect(ASD)is pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR)is crucial in detecting precapil-lary pulmonary hypertension(PH)to guide the need for PAH-specific therapy.There is a change in the cut-off value of PVR according to the recently updated PH guideline.How echocardiographic PVR(PVRecho)correlates to PVR by right heart catheterization(RHC)(PVRcath)according to the new guidelines has not been known.The aim of this study is to determine the reliability of PVRecho in detecting PAH in Uncorrected Ostium Secundum ASD based on the current updated guideline and to help screen the high PVR group.Methods:429 ostium secun-dum ASD in the COngenital HeARt Disease in Adult and Pulmonary Hypertension(COHARD-PH)registry was divided into three groups according to the PVR.PVRecho was calculated using Abbas’Formula and compared the its gold standard,the PVRcath.The correlation between the two methods was analyzed.The Bland-Altman plot was used to analyze the agreement between the two methods.Receiver operating characteristics(ROC)analysis was used to determine the PVRecho cut-off value for high PVR.Results:The majority of the population(63.5%)had high PVR.Female gender dominated the study population(84%).PVR_(echo) was significantly correlated with PVRcath(r=0.6225,p<0.0001).Bland-Altman plot among all groups and in subgroups analysis showed a wide range of agreement.PVRecho underestimated PVRcath 5.124 WU.In subgroup analysis,PVRecho overestimated PVRcath 0.35 WU in those with PVR<2 WU.In the second and third groups,PVR_(echo) underestimated PVRcath 0.52 and 10.77 WU,respectively.Conclusion:PVRecho is reliable in predicting high PVR in uncorrected secun-dum ASD.However,there is a wide range of agreement.PVR_(echo) cut-off value of>1.62 WU showed good dis-criminatory power in determining high PVR.

Misdiagnosis of unroofed coronary sinus syndrome as an ostium primum atrial septal defect by echocardiography:A case report

BACKGROUND Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome(UCSS)is a rare congenital heart disease,which has variable morphologic features and is strongly associated with persistent left superior vena cava(PLSVC).However,it is often difficult to visualize the left-to-right shunt pathway through the CS by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE).CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old female was admitted to the hepatological surgery department of a hospital with complaint of subxiphoid pain that had started 1 wk prior.Physical examination revealed a grade 3/6 systolic murmur at the left margin of the sternum,between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal cartilage.The patient underwent echocardiography and was diagnosed with ostium primum atrial septal defect(ASD);thus,she was subsequently transferred to the cardiovascular surgery department.A second TTE evaluation before surgery showed type IV UCSS with secundum ASD.Right-heart contrast echocardiography(RHCE)showed that the right atrium and right ventricle were immediately filled with microbubbles,but no microbubble was observed in the CS.Meanwhile,negative filling was observed at the right atrium orifice of the CS and right atrium side of the secundum atrial septal.RHCE identified UCSS combined with secundum ASD but without PLSVC in this patient.CONCLUSION This rare case of UCSS highlights the value of TTE combined with RHCE in confirming UCSS with ASD or PLSVC.

Evaluation of Atrial Septal Defect Using Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography:Comparison with Surgical Findings

The present study evaluated the application of three dimensional echocardigraphy （3DE） in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect （ASD） and the measurement of its size by 3DE and compared the size with surgical findings. Two-dimensional and real-time three dimensional echocardiography （RT3DE） was performed in 26 patients with atrial septal defect, and the echocardiographic data were compared with the surgical findings. Significant correlation was found between defect diameter by RT3DE and that measured during surgery （r=0.77, P〈0.001）. The defect area changed significantly during cardiac cycle. Percentage change in defect size during cardiac cycle ranged from 6%-70%. Our study showed that the size and morphology of atrial septal defect obtained with RT3DE correlate well with surgical findings. Therefore, RT3DE is a feasible and accurate non-invasive imaging tool for assessment of atrial septal size and dynamic changes.

Clinical Value of Stereoscopic Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Atrial Septal Defects: Feasibility and Efficiency

Stereoscopic three-dimensional echocardiography（S-3DE） is a novel displaying technol-ogy based on real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography （RT-3DE）. Our study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of S-3DE in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect （ASD） and its use in the guidance for transcatheter ASD occlusion. Twelve patients with secundum ASD underwent RT-3DE examination and 9 of the 12 were subjected to transcatheter closure of ASD. Stereoscopic vision was generated with a high-performance volume renderer with red-green stereoscopic glasses. S-3DE was compared with standard RT-3D display for the assessment of the shape, size, and the surrounding tis-sues of ASD and for the guidance of ASD occlusion. The appearance rate of coronary sinus and the mean formation time of the IVC, SVC were compared. Our results showed that S-3DE could measure the diameter of ASD accurately and there was no significant difference in the measurements between S-3DE and standard 3D display （2.89±0.73 cm vs 2.85±0.72 cm, P〉0.05; r=0.96, P〈0.05）. The appearance of coronary sinus for S-3DE was higher as compared with the standard 3D display （93.3% vs 100%）. The mean time of the IVC, SVC for S-3DE monitor was slightly shorter than that of the standard 3D display （11.0±3.8 s vs 10.3±3.6 s, P〉0.05）. The mean completion time of interven-tional procedure was shortened with S-3DE display as compared with standard 3D display （17.3±3.1 min vs 23.0±3.9 min, P〈0.05）. Stereoscopic three-dimensional echocardiography could improve the visualization of three-dimensional echocardiography, facilitate the identification of the adjacent structures, decrease the time required for interventional manipulation. It may be a feasible, safe, and efficient tool for guiding transcatheter septal occlusion or the surgical interventions.

Clinical Application of Three－dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Defect

This paper reports the use of three-dimensional (3-D) transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect. The results displayed that the interatrial septum had integrity in normal persons. The size,shape and position of atrial septal defects could be showed clearly and the type of the defects could be identified. The reconstructed imaging of interatrial septum on 3-D TEE was clear and stereoscopic. The technique is helpful in defining spatial location and extent of atrial septal defects.

TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE OF LARGE SECUNDUM ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS WITH AMPLATZER~ SEPTAL OCCLUDER

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of transcatheter closure of large secundum atrial septal defects(ASDs)with Amplatzer~ septal occluder(ASO).Methods A total of 26 patients(age 16 to 67 years,median 43 years;body weight 52 to 102 kg,median 67 kg)with large ASDs underwent an attempted transcatheter closure using ASO.Large ASD was defined as those with a balloon-stretched diameter of ≥30 mm.Another 81 patients with small-to-moderate ASD during same period who underwent closure served as controls.Results In patients with large ASDs,the ASD dimension means were(22.1±3.2)mm(range from 16 to 30 mm)and(23.8±2.6)mm(range from 18 to 31mm)assessed by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)and transthoracic echocardiography(TTE),respectively.The mean balloon-stretched diameter of the ASD was(31.9±2.1)mm(range from 30 to 37mm).The size of device was(32.0±1.9)mm(range from 30 to 36mm).The transcatheter procedure was successful in all patients(100%).Seventeen deployments were performed using the conventional left atrium approach,and remaining 9 patients required the right upper pulmonary vein approach.Immediately after deployment,TEE revealed that complete closure rate was 73%.Procedure-related complications were recorded in 3 patients(12%),including device embolization in one patient,pericardial effusion in one patient,and large hematoma at puncture site in one patient.During follow-up,the complete closure rate increased to 88% at 24h after procedure and 100% at 6 months.The procedural success rates,immediate TEE results and TTE results at 24h and 6 months after procedure,were not significantly different between patients with large ASDs and those with small-to-moderate ASDs.Conclusion Transcatheter closure of large ASDs using ASO is technical feasible and relatively safe.Proper care selection and specific technique modification such as the right upper pulmonary vein approach is vital for the implantation success.

Percutaneous closure of secundum type atrial septal defects:More than 5-year follow-up

AIM: To investigate long-term efficacy of two different devices more than five years after percutaneous atrial septal defect(ASD) closure in adults.METHODS: All patients who underwent percutaneous closure of an ASD in the St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, between February 1998 and December 2006 were included. Percutaneous closure took place under general anaesthesia and transesophageal echocardiographic moni toring. Transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) was performed 24 h post-procedure to visualize the device position and to look for residual shunting using color Doppler. All complications were registered. All patients were invited for an outpatient visit and contrast TTE more than 5-years after closure. Efficacy was based on the presence of a residual right-to-left shunt(RLS), graded as minimal, moderate or severe. The presence of a residual left-to-right shunt(LRS) was diagnosed using color Doppler, and was not graded. Descriptive statistics were used for patients' characteristics. Univariate analysis was used to identify predictors for residual shunting.RESULTS: In total, 104 patients(mean age 45.5 ± 17.1 years) underwent percutaneous ASD closure using an Amplatzer device(ASO) in 76 patients and a Cardioseal/Starflex device(CS/SF) in 28 patients. The mean follow-up was 6.4 ± 3.4 years. Device migration occurred in 4 patients of whom two cases occurred during the index hospitalization(1 ASO, 1 CS/SF). The other 2 cases of device migration occurred during the first 6 mo of follow-up(2 CS/SF). The recurrent thrombo-embolic event rate was similar in both groups: 0.4% per follow-up year. More than 12 mo post-ASD closure and latest follow-up, new-onset supraventricular tachyarrhythmia's occurred in 3.9% and 0% for the ASO and CS/SF group, respectively. The RLS rate at latest follow-up was 17.4%(minimal 10.9%, moderate 2.2%, severe 4.3%) and 45.5%(minimal 27.3%, moderate 18.2%, severe 0%) for the ASO- and CS/SF groups, respectively. There was no residual LRS in both groups.CONCLUSION: Percutaneous ASD closure has good long-term safety and efficacy profiles. The residual RLS rate seems to be high more than 5 years after closure, especially in the CS/SF. Residual LRS was not observed.

Completed atrioventricular block induced by atrial septal defect occluder unfolding:A case report

BACKGROUND An atrial septal defect is a common condition and accounts for 25%of adult congenital heart diseases.Transcatheter occlusion is a widely used technique for the treatment of secondary aperture-type atrial septal defects(ASDs).CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old female patient was diagnosed with ASD by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)1 year ago.The electrocardiogram showed a heart rate of 88 beats per minute,normal sinus rhythm,and no change in the ST-T wave.After admission,TTE showed an atrial septal defect with a left-to-right shunt,aortic root short-axis section with an ASD diameter of 8 mm,a parasternal four-chamber section with an ASD diameter of 9 mm,and subxiphoid biatrial section with a diameter of 13 mm.Percutaneous occlusion was proposed.The intraoperative TTE scan showed that the atrial septal defect was oval in shape,was located near the root of the aorta,and had a maximum diameter of 13 mm.A 10-F sheath was placed in the right femoral vein,and a 0.035°hard guidewire was used to establish the transport track between the left pulmonary vein and the inferior vena cava.A shape-memory alloy atrial septal occluder with a waist diameter of 20 mm was placed successfully and located correctly.TTE showed that the double disk unfolded well and that the clamping of the atrial septum was smooth.Immediately after the disc was revealed,electrocardiograph monitoring showed that the ST interval of the inferior leads was prolonged,the P waves and QRS waves were separated,a junctional escape rhythm maintained the heart rate,and the blood pressure began to decrease.After removing the occluder,the elevation in the ST segment returned to normal immediately,and the sinus rhythm returned to average approximately 10 min later.After consulting the patient’s family,we finally decided to withdraw from the operation.CONCLUSION Compression of the small coronary artery,which provides an alternative blood supply to the atrioventricular nodule during the operation,leads to the emergence of a complete atrioventricular block.

Should we consider patent foramen ovale and secundum atrial septal defect as different steps of a single anatomo-clinical continuum？

1 Introduction Isolated atrial septal defects （ASD） represent 7% of all cardiac anomalies and can present at any age. Adolescents and adults with simple congenital heart disease such as isolated atrial septal defects are more likely to reach adult age without being diagnosed. Secundum ASD （sASD） is by far the most common type, occurring in 1/1500 live births, with 65% to 75% involving females, On the other hand, patent foramen ovale （PFO） represents an endemic variant in the normal population with a prevalence of 25%-27%. These two entities appear so different that is difficult to fred a conjunction ring： nevertheless we use the same philosophy for the treatment, Indeed, device-based closure has been proved to be effective in both settings.

Superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect

Atrial septal defect (ASD)is the third commonest congenital heart disease in adults.The most common type of ASD is the ostium secundum accounting for 75%-80%of all ASDs.Less common are the ostium primum (accounting for 15%of all ASDs),the sinus venosus defect (5%-10%) and the coronary sinus defect (less than 1%).[1,2]

Percutaneous Catheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect and an Atrial Septal Aneurysm:One Case Report

We describe a 56-yr-old female presented with palpitation and shortness of breath on exertion and intracardiac echocardiography showed atrial septal defect and an atrial septal aneurysm. She was underwent successfully percutaneous catheter closure with Amplatzer occluder devices.

Assessment of Atrial Septum Morphology by Live Three-dimensional Echocardiography

To evaluate the morphology of atrial septum by the live three-dimensional echocardiography （L3DE） and its value of clinical application, L3DE was performed in 62 subjects to observe the morphological characteristics and dynamic change of the overall anatomic structure of atrial septum. The study examined 49 patients with atrial septal defect （ASD）, including 3 patients with atrial septal aneurysm, and 10 healthy subjects. ASD in the 35 patients was surgically confirmed. The maximal diameters of ASD were measured and the percentages of area change were calculated. The parameters derived from L3DE were compared with intraoperative measurements. The results showed that L3DE could directly and clearly display the morphological features of overall anatomic structure of normal atrial septum, repaired and artificially-occluded atrial septum, atrial septal aneurysm. The defect area in ASD patients changed significantly during cardiac cycle, which reached a maximum at end-systole and a minimum at end-diastole, with a mean change percentage of 46.6%, ranging from 14.8% to 73.4%. The sizes obtained from L3DE bore an excellent correlation with intraoperative findings （r=0.90）. It is concluded that L3DE can clearly display the overall morphological features and dynamic change of atrial septum and measure the size of ASD area accurately, which is important in the decision to choose therapeutic protocols.

Reliability of transthoracic echocardiography in estimating the size of Amplatzer septal occluder and guiding percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects

Background In China, transthoracic echocardiography （TTE） is popularly used for pre-intervention examination for atrial septal defect （ASD） and for guiding ASD closure. However, the ability to determine ASD size and the safety and efficacy of l-rE for guiding ASD closure still has not been widely accepted. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of l-rE used before, during and after transcatheter ASD closure with Amplatzer septal occluders （ASO）. Methods Sixty-eight subjects （15 men and 53 women; mean age （33.7±17.3） years） were enrolled. TTE was used to measure the diameters and guide transcatheter closure of ASD. The ASD was examined by long-axis view, basal short-axis view, apical four-chamber view and the subcostal view to observe position, diameter and relation with neighbouring structures. The largest diameter was selected as the reference diameter. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the ASD reference diameter： 22 subjects with ASD diameter 4-14 mm （group A）; 21 subjects with ASD diameter 15-20 mm （group B）; and 25 subjects with ASD diameter 21-33 mm （group C）. Results ASD was occluded successfully in groups A and B. In group C, occlusion failed in 2 cases; 1 case remained with a 3-mm residual shunt sustained until 6-month follow-up. However, at 6-month follow-up, no case of thromboembolism, ASO dislocation or death occurred in the three groups. The diameter of ASD measured by l-rE could accurately predict the ASO size that could successfully occlude the ASD, especially in patients with ASD 〈20 mm. The ASD diameter measured by l-rE correlated well with ASO size （r= 0.925, P〈0.001 ; r=0.976, P〈0.001 ; r=0.929, P〈0.001 respectively）. Conclusions ASD diameter measured by l-rE can accurately estimate the size of the ASO needed for successful closure of ASD. The larger the ASD, the much larger the ASO needed. l-rE is a satisfactory guiding imaging tool for ASD closure.

采用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗继发孔房间隔缺损的并发症的防治

目的 探讨经导管植入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔房间隔缺损 (ASD)的并发症发生的原因及其防治方法。方法 对 710例采用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗继发孔房间隔缺损的患者中术中及术后 (随访 1个月～ 7年 )发生并发症的 5 3例患者作回顾性分析 ,将其分为与心脏有关的并发症组、局部血管并发症组及其他组。结果 全组并发症总发生率为 7 5 % (5 3/ 710 ) ,其中与心脏有关的并发症有 2 7例 (3 8% ) ,2 7例中心电图改变 2 3例 ,包括ST段抬高 15例 ,心房颤动 4例 ,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞、阵发性室上性心动过速、房性心动过速及房室分离各 1例 ;另外 ,残余分流 3例 (0 4 2 % ) ,主动脉 右房瘘 1例 (0 14 % )。局部血管并发症 6例 (0 85 % ) ,包括股动静脉瘘 5例 ,髂股静脉痉挛 1例。其他并发症 2 0例 (2 8% ) ,包括头痛 17例 ,封堵器脱落 2例 ,封堵器脱载 1例。紧急手术 2例 (0 2 8% )。本组无死亡病例。结论 采用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔房间隔缺损并发症的发生率低 ,但晚期严重并发症应引起高度重视 ,严格地定期随访是十分必要的。

Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 评价用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损 (ASD)及动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的疗效与安全性。方法 5 0例(男 2 3例、女 2 7例 ,年龄 3～ 64岁 )中ASD 19例、PDA 3 1例 ,按常规在局麻或全麻下完成心导管检查及造影。ASD封堵时先用测量球囊测ASD直径及选取Amplatzer封堵器 ,经传送装置将封堵器推送至左房 ,先后释放左、右侧盘 ,心脏超声证实ASD封堵完全、无残余分流、不影响二尖瓣活动时 ,再将Amplatzer封堵器完全释放。PDA患者先行主动脉弓降部侧位造影 ,测量PDA直径及选择Amplatzer蘑菇伞封堵器 ,经传送装置将封堵器置于未闭的动脉导管内 ,重复主动脉造影证实无残余分流时释放封堵器。结果 ① 19例ASD患者球囊测得的ASD直径为 2 3± 6( 13～ 3 1)mm ,所用封堵器直径为 17～ 40mm ,均一次性封堵成功。② 3 1例PDA患者中 3 0例用Amplatzer蘑菇伞封堵成功 ,1例PDA内径达 12mm者用直径 17mm的Amplatzer房间隔封堵器封堵成功。无并发症发生。结论 用Amplatzer封堵器治疗ASD及PDA具有操作简便、疗效肯定、创伤小、适应症广及并发症少的特点 。

继发孔房间隔缺损的Amplatzer封闭器介入外科手术治疗的对比研究(英文)

目的 对继发孔房间隔缺损 (ASDⅡ )的Amplatzer间隔封闭器 (ASO)介入和外科治疗的疗效和安全性进行比较研究。方法 1998年 5月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月接受ASO治疗的 72例和接受外科手术治疗的 6 6例ASDⅡ病人进行对比研究。结果 ASO组和外科组技术成功率分别为 97.2 % (70 /72例 )和 10 0 % ;ASO组的手术和住院时间明显短于外科组 (71.8± 11.6 )min和 (15 8.4± 31.8)min ;(8.8± 2 .3)d和 (2 6 .9± 9.9)d ,(P<0 .0 5 ) ;ASO组的手术并发症发生率明显低于外科组 (7.1%和 2 2 .7% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;ASO组无病人接受输血 ,外科组接受输血率 89.1% (5 9/6 6例 ) ;ASO组费用明显高于外科组 (4 .4 5± 0 .5 3)万元和 (1.87± 0 .5 4 )万元 ,(P <0 .0 5 )。结论 继发孔ASD的ASO治疗在有适应症的范围内可替代外科手术 ,降低ASO费用有助于更广泛推广作用。

经胸B超指导Amplatzer封堵器在治疗成人房间隔缺损中的应用

目的 评价经胸B超 (TTE)指导Amplatzer封堵器治疗成人继发孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)的价值。方法 30例ASD行Amplatzer封堵术的患者 ,年龄 13～ 6 5岁 ,平均 (32± 15 )岁 ,术前及术中采用TTE指导封堵 ,术后即刻及术后 1个月 ,3个月分别行TTE检查评价治疗效果。结果 2 4例 (80 % )患者术前和术中直接采用TTE指导封堵成功 ,总有效率为 80 % ;5例 (16 7% )患者术前加做食管B超(TEE)选择适应证 ;1例 (3 3% )患者术中加做TEE指导封堵成功。术中未发生任何重要并发症 ,无急症手术病例。术后即刻TTE彩色多普勒显示 2例 (6 7% )存在微 /少量残余分流 ,术后 1月TTE显示30例患者的ASD完全闭合 ,封堵器形态、位置良好 ,未对毗邻结构产生影响 ,且未见封堵器移位及ASD再通。结论 TTE可用于指导大多数ASD患者行经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗。

成人继发孔房间隔缺损的Amplatzer间隔封闭器介入治疗

目的:探讨成人继发孔房间隔缺损(ASD Ⅱ)的Amplatzer间隔封闭器(ASO)介入治疗的疗效和安全性。方法:对接受ASO治疗的49例成人ASDⅡ患者的疗效、安全性进行研究。结果:全组患者技术成功率为95.6％(47/49例);ASDⅡ平均大小(28.2±5.3)mm,ASO平均大小(31.1±6.5)mm;术前平均肺动脉收缩压(39.3±13.4)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),肺动脉血流量/主动脉血流量(Qp/Qs)平均为2.4±1.1,ASD的成功封闭率即刻为91.5％(43/47例),术后24 h为100％;手术并发症发生率4.3％(2/47例);平均随访(11.7±3.6)个月,无ASO移位或破损。结论:成人ASD Ⅱ的ASO治疗疗效和安全性均好,在有适应证的范围内可替代外科手术。