The design and engineering strategies of metal tellurides for advanced metal-ion batteries

Owning various crystal structures and high theoretical capacity,metal tellurides are emerging as promising electrode materials for high-performance metal-ion batteries(MBs).Since metal telluride-based MBs are quite new,fundamental issues raise regarding the energy storage mechanism and other aspects affecting electrochemical performance.Severe volume expansion,low intrinsic conductivity and slow ion diffusion kinetics jeopardize the performance of metal tellurides,so that rational design and engineering are crucial to circumvent these disadvantages.Herein,this review provides an in-depth discussion of recent investigations and progresses of metal tellurides,beginning with a critical discussion on the energy storage mechanisms of metal tellurides in various MBs.In the following,recent design and engineering strategies of metal tellurides,including morphology engineering,compositing,defect engineering and heterostructure construction,for high-performance MBs are summarized.The primary focus is to present a comprehensive understanding of the structural evolution based on the mechanism and corresponding effects of dimension control,composition,electron configuration and structural complexity on the electrochemical performance.In closing,outlooks and prospects for future development of metal tellurides are proposed.This work also highlights the promising directions of design and engineering strategies of metal tellurides with high performance and low cost.

Built‑In Electric Field‑Driven Ultrahigh‑Rate K‑Ion Storage via Heterostructure Engineering of Dual Tellurides Integrated with Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene

Exploiting high-rate anode materials with fast K+diffusion is intriguing for the development of advanced potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)but remains unrealized.Here,heterostructure engineering is proposed to construct the dual transition metal tellurides(CoTe_(2)/ZnTe),which are anchored onto two-dimensional(2D)Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanosheets.Various theoretical modeling and experimental findings reveal that heterostructure engineering can regulate the electronic structures of CoTe_(2)/ZnTe interfaces,improving K+diffusion and adsorption.In addition,the different work functions between CoTe_(2)/ZnTe induce a robust built-in electric field at the CoTe_(2)/ZnTe interface,providing a strong driving force to facilitate charge transport.Moreover,the conductive and elastic Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)can effectively promote electrode conductivity and alleviate the volume change of CoTe_(2)/ZnTe heterostructures upon cycling.Owing to these merits,the resulting CoTe_(2)/ZnTe/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(CZT)exhibit excellent rate capability(137.0 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))and cycling stability(175.3 mAh g^(-1)after 4000 cycles at 3.0 A g^(-1),with a high capacity retention of 89.4%).More impressively,the CZT-based full cells demonstrate high energy density(220.2 Wh kg^(-1))and power density(837.2 W kg^(-1)).This work provides a general and effective strategy by integrating heterostructure engineering and 2D material nanocompositing for designing advanced high-rate anode materials for next-generation KIBs.

Modification,application and expansion of electrode materials based on cobalt telluride

Metal(Li,Na,K,Al)-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur and lithium-tellurium batteries are gaining recognition for their eco-friendly characteristics,substantial energy density,and sustainable attributes.However,the overall performance of rechargeable batteries heavily depends on their electrode materials.Transition metal tellurides have recently gained significant attention due to their high electrical conductivity and density.Cobalt telluride has received the most extensive research due to its catalytic activity,unique magnetic properties,and diverse composition and crystal structure.Nevertheless,its limited conductivity and significant volume variation contribute to electrode structural deterioration and rapid capacity decline.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in rational design and synthesis of modified cobalt telluride-based electrodes,encompassing defect engineering(Te vacancies,cation vacancies,heterointerfaces,and homogeneous interfaces)and composite engineering(derived carbon from precursors,carbon fibers,Mxene,graphene nanosheets,etc.).Particularly,the intricate evolution mechanisms of the conversion reaction process during cycling are elucidated.Furthermore,these modified strategies applied to other transitional metal tellurides,such as iron telluride,nickel telluride,zinc telluride,copper telluride,molybdenum telluride,etc.,are also thoroughly summarized.Additionally,their application extends to emerging aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Finally,potential challenges and prospects are discussed to further propel the development of transition metal tellurides electrode materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries.

A monolithic integrated medium wave Mercury Cadmium Telluride polarimetric focal plane array

A medium wave(MW)640×512(25μm)Mercury Cadmium Telluride(HgCdTe)polarimetric focal plane array(FPA)was demonstrated.The micro-polarizer array(MPA)has been carefully designed in terms of line grating structure optimization and crosstalk suppression.A monolithic fabrication process with low damage was explored,which was verified to be compatible well with HgCdTe devices.After monolithic integration of MPA,NETD<9.5 mK was still maintained.Furthermore,to figure out the underlying mechanism that dominat⁃ed the extinction ratio(ER),specialized MPA layouts were designed,and the crosstalk was experimentally vali⁃dated as the major source that impacted ER.By expanding opaque regions at pixel edges to 4μm,crosstalk rates from adjacent pixels could be effectively reduced to approximately 2%,and promising ERs ranging from 17.32 to 27.41 were implemented.

First-Principles Study of the New Layered Ternary Metal Telluride,Eu_(2)InTe_(5)

In this study,we performed first-principles calculations using the VASP(Vienna Ab initio Simulation)software package to investigate the crystal structure,electronic structure,and optical properties of a new layered ternary metal chalcogenide,Eu_(2)InTe_(5).Our results show that Eu_(2)InTe_(5) is a non-zero-gap metal with a layered structure characterized by strong intra-layer atomic bonding and weak inter-layer interaction,which suggests its potential application as a nanomaterial.We also studied the optical properties,including the absorption coefficient,imaginary and real parts of the complex dielectric constant,and found that Eu_(2)InTe_(5) exhibits strong photoresponse characteristics at the junction of ultraviolet and visible light as well as blue-green light,with peaks at wavelengths of 389 nm and 477 nm.This suggests that it could be used in the development of UV(ultraviolet)detectors and other optoelectronic devices.Furthermore,due to its strong absorption,low loss,and low reflectivity,Eu_(2)InTe_(5) has the potential to be used as a promising photovoltaic absorption layer in solar cells.

Novel Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Dienyl Tellurides by Palladium Catalyzed Cross-coupling Reaction of (E)-β--Bromovinyl Tellurides

β-Bromovinyl tellurides are new difuctional reagents which undergo palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with alkenes to give conjugated dienyl tellurides.

Novel Synthesis of Benzotriazol-1-yl Methyl Selenides and Tellurides

Benzotriazol-1-yl methyl selenides and tellurides 4a-h can be simply synthesized by the reaction of 2a-b with 3 in good yields.

Novel ternary metals-based telluride electrocatalyst with synergistic effects of high valence non-3d metal and oxophilic Te for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction

Electrocatalyst designs based on oxophilic foreign atoms are considered a promising approach for developing efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts by overcoming the sluggish alkaline HER kinetics.Here,we design ternary transition metals-based nickel telluride(Mo WNi Te)catalysts consisting of high valence non-3d Mo and W metals and oxophilic Te as a first demonstration of non-precious heterogeneous electrocatalysts following the bifunctional mechanism.The Mo WNi Te showed excellent HER catalytic performance with overpotentials of 72,125,and 182 mV to reach the current densities of 10,100,and 1000 mA cm^(-2),respectively,and the corresponding Tafel slope of 47,52,and 58 mV dec-1in alkaline media,which is much superior to commercial Pt/C.Additionally,the HER performance of Mo WNi Te is well maintained up to 3000 h at the current density of 100 mA cm^(-2).It is further demonstrated that the Mo WNi Te exhibits remarkable HER activities with an overpotential of 45 mV(31 mV)and Tafel slope of 60 mV dec-1(34 mV dec-1)at 10 mA cm^(-2)in neutral(acid)media.The superior HER performance of Mo WNi Te is attributed to the electronic structure modulation,inducing highly active low valence states by the incorporation of high valence non-3d transition metals.It is also attributed to the oxophilic effect of Te,accelerating water dissociation kinetics through a bifunctional catalytic mechanism in alkaline media.Density functional theory calculations further reveal that such synergistic effects lead to reduced free energy for an efficient water dissociation process,resulting in remarkable HER catalytic performances within universal pH environments.

The Fabrication and SERS Performance of Multi-layer Hollow Au-Ag Alloy Nano Urchins Structure-based SERS Fiber Probe

Novel hollow Au Ag alloy nano urchins were synthesized via Ag seeds growth method,and self-assembly coated on the wall and end-tip of silica fiber for fiber probe fabrication.The nano urchins homogeneously distributed on fiber surface because of fiber silanization.The sizes and tip sharpness of the nano-urchins could be controlled by Ag seeds.The elements distribution analysis indicated there was high Ag content in tip-top for better surface enhance Raman scattering performance.The detectable concentration could be as low as 10-8 M using crystal violet molecules as analyte.Moreover,the fiber probes were stable in air,due to Au in the alloy.This fiber probe could be used for low content single molecular analysis.

Gold Distribution in Tellurium-Rich Pyrite and Tellurides from the Xiaoqinling Gold District,Southern Margin of the North China Craton

Gold is commonly associated with arsenic in As-rich pyrite or arsenopyrite in a variety types of gold deposit,such as sediment-hosted gold deposits,epithermal Au-Ag deposits,Au-rich VMS deposits,and mesothermal lode gold deposits(Ciobanu and Cook,2002;Pals et al.

Efficient hydrogen peroxide production enabled by exploring layered metal telluride as two electron oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst

It is of great interest to develop the novel transition metal-based electrocatalysts with high selectivity and activity for two electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-) ORR).Herein,the nickel ditelluride(NiTe_(2)) with layered structure was explored as the 2e^(-) ORR electrocatalyst,which not only showed the highest 2e^(-) selectivity more than 97%,but also delivered a slight activity decay after 5000 cycles in alkaline media.Moreover,when NiTe_(2) was assembled as the electrocatalyst in H-type electrolyzer,the on-site yield of H_(2)O_(2) could reach up to 672 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1) under 0.45 V vs.RHE.Further in situ Raman spectra,theoretical calculation and post microstructural analysis synergistically unveiled that such a good 2e^(-) ORR performance could be credited to the intrinsic layered crystal structure,the high compositional stability,as well as the electron modulation on the active site Ni atoms by neighboring Te atoms,leading to the exposure of active sites as well as the optimized adsorption free energy of Ni to –OOH.More inspiringly,such telluride electrocatalyst has also been demonstrated to exhibit high activity and selectivity towards 2e^(-) ORR in neutral media.

Structure Refinement of Samarium Tritellurides

The title compound was prepared from the corresponding elements(Sm, Te) using iodine as transport agent. The crystal structure was determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques with the crystal data as follows: SmTe3,M_r= 533. 15, orthorhombic. Cmcm, a=4. 323(2), b= 25. 613(3),c=4. 335(2) A,V=480. 0 A￣3, Z=4, D_x=7. 38 g/cm￣3, F(000) =872,μ= 300. 2 cm￣(-1), R=0. 061,Rw.=0. 066 for 660 observed(I≥3σ(I)) unique reflections. The compound is isostructural with NdTe_3￣[1].

大幅宽多谱段高光谱红外探测器研究

报道了基于分子束外延(Molecular Beam Epitaxy,MBE)碲镉汞(Mercury Cadmium Telluride,MCT)技术的大幅宽、多谱段、大像元高光谱红外探测器的最新研究进展。采用MBE技术制备出高质量MCT材料;采用成熟的n-on-p技术路线制备探测芯片,并针对特殊形状的大像元进行了优化;高光谱专用读出电路设计针对短波、窄谱段、小信号等典型特征进行了优化,并针对光谱应用加入行增益可调等功能设计。测试结果表明,组件基本性能良好,有效像元率大于99.5%,平均量子效率优于70%。

Au-Ag合金纳米粒子制备及其表面增强拉曼光谱研究

首先采用柠檬酸钠法制得Au-Ag合金纳米种子,然后采用盐酸羟胺生长法得到不同组成的Au-Ag合金纳米粒子.在其UV-V is光谱中只观察到一个位于单金属银和金之间的等离子体共振峰,表明Au-Ag合金纳米粒子已经形成.TEM结果表明,合金纳米粒子的粒径约为60 nm,且颜色均一,没有明显的核壳结构.用苯硫酚(TP)作为探针分子研究了合金纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS).结果表明,SERS强度与合金纳米粒子的组成和尺寸有关.当纳米粒子粒径一定时,除Au25Ag75外,随着金的增加SERS强度增强.Au25Ag75的粒径比Ag小,导致SERS强度比Ag低.Au50Ag50和Au75Ag25加入TP分子后,其聚集方式与Au相似,等离子体共振峰逐渐靠近1 064 nm,金含量较高时,TP的SERS归于聚集体的等离子体共振增强的贡献.

黑龙江三道湾子金矿Au-Ag-Te系列矿物特征及其成矿流体

本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针对黑龙江省三道湾子金矿中Au-Ag-Te系列矿物碲银矿、碲金银矿、针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿和碲金矿进行了详细的矿物学研究,本次研究还发现Au2Te的存在。碲化物矿物多呈粒状或脉状分布于石英或硫化物矿物的裂隙中。Au-Ag-Te系列矿物中,Au含量与Ag含量呈负相关性,与Te含量呈弱的负相关性。结合Au-Ag-Te成分共生图解及镜下特征对金银碲化物矿物共生组合进行分析表明Te优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有成矿流体中Ag被大量消耗后,Te才与Au结合形成针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿、碲金矿,最后当成矿流体中Te也被大量消耗后,Au才会形成自然金。氦、氩同位素研究表明石英—黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体中3He/4He值为0.01～0.03Ra,金银碲化物阶段3He/4He值为0.08～1.04Ra,指示金银碲化物阶段有大量地幔物质参与。

液相外延碲镉汞薄膜表面“陨石坑”状缺陷研究

随着红外探测器技术的发展,对高质量碲镉汞外延材料质量的要求逐渐提高,这也对碲锌镉衬底质量提出了更高的要求。对液相外延碲镉汞薄膜表面上一种尺寸较大且周围伴有平台的点状缺陷进行了形貌及成分表征。该类型缺陷的形貌类似于中间凹陷的陨石坑(简称“陨石坑”状),其组分与碲镉汞外延膜正常区域相比未出现明显偏离。研究发现,液相外延过程中在碲镉汞生长溶液与碲锌镉衬底接触前,衬底表面出现近似三角形、圆形的缺陷,且该缺陷下方存在孔洞类形貌,在该缺陷之上外延的碲镉汞薄膜表面会出现“陨石坑”状缺陷。该缺陷的来源定位为后续控制此类缺陷的产生提供了支撑。

Au-Ag双金属催化剂的制备及其对环己烷氧化的催化活性

采用吸附相反应技术,以硅胶为载体,Ni(OH)2为修饰组分,在水/乙醇体系中制备得到了Au、Ag以及Au-Ag双金属负载型催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis diffuse-reflectancespectra)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明Au,Ag以及Au-Ag的粒子粒径在纳米级别,分散性好,并且在微观尺度结合较好。在70℃的温和条件下,以叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)为氧化剂,考评催化剂在无溶剂条件下环己烷氧化反应中的活性,证明了Au、Ag均有一定的低温活性,Au、Ag共负载时则表现出了很好的协同作用,催化剂的活性和稳定性均有所提高;随着Ag负载量的增大,催化剂的活性提高。

富金的Au-Ag-Zr三元合金研究

在Au-Ag、Au-Zr和Ag-Zr二元系相图研究的基础上,采用X射线衍射分析、电子探针(EPMA)和显微金相方法测定了Au-Ag-Zr三元系富金区域的700℃等温截面。发现在该等温截面上的富Au-Ag侧,沿着Au-Ag二元匀晶系存在一个长条形的单相区Au(Ag)或Ag(Au),确定在该部分等温截面上共有4个单相区:固溶体Au(Ag)或Ag(Au)、Au4Zr、Au3Zr和Au2Zr;4个二相区:Au4Zr+Au(Ag)、Au3Zr+Au(Ag)、Au4Zr+Au3Zr和Au3Zr+Au2Zr;2个三相区:Au4Zr+Au3Zr+Au(Ag)和Au3Zr+Au2Zr+Au(Ag);在该区域没有形成新的三元化合物。

肥胖患者碲锌镉心脏专用不同采集体位心肌衰减伪影与性别关系的比较研究

目的:对比肥胖患者碲锌镉(cadmium-zinc-telluride,CZT)心脏专用单光子发射计算机断层显像不同采集体位心肌衰减伪影与性别的相互关系。方法:前瞻性收集了2024年1月至2024年3月肥胖患者(BMI≥28 kg/m^(2)),所有患者均于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院核医学科进行了仰卧位、半直立位和直立位三个体位的门控负荷心肌灌注显像采集。使用美国心脏协会AHA 17节段5分法模型分析。衰减伪影定义为心肌灌注受损节段仅存在于一个或两个采集体位或在任意采集体位心肌节段灌注受损程度有所变化。采用Pearson卡方检验比较三个体位心肌衰减伪影的节段数量和总严重程度评分的差异。结果:共纳入73例肥胖患者,男性44例,女性29例。男性肥胖患者中,受累的左心室心肌衰减伪影节段总数量为10个,其中以下壁基底段数量和总严重程度评分最多,且在三个体位间比较差异有统计学意义。仰卧位、半直立和直立位采集时分别共有19、27和32例患者下壁基底段心肌无衰减伪影,准确率分别为43%(19/44)、61%(27/44)和73%(32/44)。女性肥胖患者中,受累的左心室心肌衰减伪影节段总数量为7个,其中下壁心尖段数量最多,且在三个体位间比较差异有统计学意义。仰卧位、半直立和直立位采集时分别共有21、16和11例患者下壁心尖段心肌无衰减伪影,准确率分别为72%(21/29)、55%(16/29)和38%(11/29)。结论:行CZT心脏专用单光子发射计算机心肌灌注断层显像时,男性肥胖患者优选直立位采集,以减少左心室下壁基底段心肌衰减伪影,女性肥胖患者优选仰卧位采集,以减少左心室下壁心尖段心肌衰减伪影。

新型Au-Ag-Ge钎料的性能及焊接界面特征

根据Au-Ag-Ge三元相图,制备2种新型钎料合金Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge和Au-21.06Ag-13.09Ge(质量分数,%)。利用差热分析仪和Sirion200场发射扫描电镜对钎料的熔化特性及显微组织进行分析,并对其与纯Ni的润湿性加以研究。研究结果表明:Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge合金的性能较好,其熔化温度范围为446.76～494.40℃,结晶温度区间为47.64℃;焊接温度在510～550℃范围内时,Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge钎料合金与Ni基体具有良好的铺展性和润湿性,焊接时钎料合金与Ni基体之间形成了一条连续的金属间化合物层,能谱分析表明该金属间化合物层为Ge3Ni5,由于该化合物较脆,过厚的金属间化合物层使焊接接头的剪切强度下降,故应适当控制焊接工艺以获得理想的焊接界面组织。