Partial phase diagram of Au-Ag-Dy ternary system

On the basis of Au-Ag, Au-Dy and Ag-Dy binary phase diagrams, the 700℃ isothermal section of Au-Ag-Dy ternary system（Dy≤35%, mole fraction） was established by X-ray diffraction analysis, differential thermal analysis and optical microscopy. It is found that there is a long single-phase region, Au（Ag） or Ag（Au）, along the Au-Ag binary isomorphous system on the gold-silver-rich side of the 700℃ isothermal section and between the binary compound Au2Dy and Ag2Dy there is the all proportional solid solution, （Au2Dy） or （Ag2Dy）. It is confirmed that the partial 700℃ isothermal section consists of six single-phase regions: solid solution Au（Ag） or Ag（Au）, （Au2Dy） or （Ag2Dy）, Au6Dy, Au51Dy14, Au3Dy and Ag51Dy14; nine binary-phase regions: （Au2Dy）+Au（Ag）, Au6Dy+Au（Ag）, Au（Ag）+Ag51Dy14, Ag51Dy14+（Au2Dy）, Au3Dy+（Au2Dy）, Au3Dy+Au51Dy14, Au51Dy14+Au6Dy, Au51Dy14+Au（Ag） and Au（Ag）+Au3Dy;four ternary regions: Ag51Dy14+（Au2Dy）+Au（Ag）, （Au2Dy）+Au（Ag）+Au3Dy, Au（Ag）+Au3Dy+Au51Dy14 and Au51Dy14+Au（Ag）+Au6Dy. No new ternary compound is formed in the gold-silver-rich field（Dy≤35%） of the Au-Ag-Dy ternary system.

Phase Equilibrium and Phase Diagram of the Ternary System（MgCl2 + MgB2O4 + H2O） at 288 and 298 K

1 Introduction The brines with high concentrations of magnesium and boron resources are widely distributed in the Qaidam Basin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau,China(Zheng&Tang,1988).Although some works on the ternary system

Collins Model and Phase Diagram of 2D Ternary System

The Collins model is introduced into the two-dimensional (2D) alternative ternary system having the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential. The Gibbs free energy of this ternary system is calculated, and according to thermodynamic theory, a group of equations that determine the solid-liquid diagram of ternary system are derived, someisothermal sectional diagrams of the 2D ternary system are obtained. The results are quite similar to the behavior ofthree-dimensional substances.

Room Temperature Section of Al-In-Sn Ternary Phase Diagram

The X-ray powder diffraction method was used to determine the room temperature section of Al-In-Sn ternary phase diagram.The section consists of 5 single-phase regions,7 two-phase regions and 3 three-phase regions.The structure of In_3Sn phase is known to be tetragonal with a=0.3445 nm,c=0.4436 nm.

The Room Temperature Section of the Phase Diagram of Co-Ge-Sn Ternary System

The room temperature section of the phase diagram of Co-Ge-Sn ternary system has been determined by means of X-ray powder diffraction method.The section determined consists of 12 single-phases,22 two-phase regions,and 11 three-phase re- gions.Two new phases,called δ and η respectively in this paper,have been found.The former is a binary phase with invariable composition(80.46at%Sn)corresponding to formula CoSn_4,and the latter is a ternary phase occuping a homogenous range.The experimental data also show that Co_2Ge phase has a smaller region than that in Ref.1,2,while β-Sn,Ge,CoSn,CoSn_2 and Co_2Ge_3 are phases with invariable compositions.

MOLTEN SALT PHASE DIAGRAMS CALCULATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK OR PATTERN RECOGNITION-BOND PARAMETERS Part 2.Prediction of phase diagrams of ternary molten salt systems

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Ternary phase diagrams and solvate transformation thermodynamics of omeprazole sodium in different solvent mixtures

Omeprazole sodium(OMS), a typical non-hydrogen bond donors API, is only available in solvates so far, including monohydrate, ethanol solvate and methanol solvate. The methanol solvate was found for the first time. Solvate transformation thermodynamics of OMS was studied in this paper. First, the ternary phase diagrams forming two solvates for OMS in binary solvent mixtures including methanol + water, ethanol + water, and methanol+ ethanol were measured at temperature ranging of T =(278.15 to 313.15) K under atmospheric pressure. Further, the standard equilibrium constants of the solvate transformation reactions were evaluated according to the chemical reaction isothermal equation. The standard molar Gibbs free energy, the standard molar enthalpy, and the standard molar entropy of solvate transformation reactions were then calculated based on van't Hoff equation. Moreover, the thermodynamic stability of the OMS solvate was analyzed based on phase diagram. The results are of great importance to develop a crystallization process for manufacturing OMS solvate, and could be helpful to other solvate transformation research.

Preparation of Y-Zr-Hf,Y-Zr-Nb Ternary Diffusion Couples and Phase Diagrams Determination

Work has been done in preparing ternary diffusion couple containing one rare earth element.Though rare earth is highly reactive,we have successfully prepared two ternary diffusion couples containing yttrium by means of special technique.By using electron microprobe analysis(EMPA),the two isothermal sections of Y-Zr-Hf and Y-Zr-Nb ternary systems at 1273K have been determined.The section of Y-Zr-Hf system consists of three one-phase regions,three two-phase regions and one three-phase region.And that of Y-Zr-Nb system consists of two one-phase regions and one two-phase region.The effeet of some factors on EMP measuring ac- curacy was also discussed.

Investigation on the Phase Diagram of Ternary System ErCl_3-CaCl_2-LiCl

The phase diagram of ternary system ErCl_3-CaCl_2-LiCl has been investigated by means of DTA. It was found that there are four fields corresponding to the primary crystallization of ErCl_3,CaCl_2, LiCl and Li_3ErCl_6 respectively, five univariant curves related to the secondary crystallization, a ternary eutectic E(58. 5% ErCl_3, 23. 7% CaCl_2, 17. 8%LiCl, 397 ℃) and a ternary peritectic point P(52. 5% ErCl_3, 27. 2% CaCl_2, 20. 3% LiCl, 428 ℃) in the phase diagram. Two ternary reactions occur in the system: L =ErCl_3 + Li_3ErCl_6 +CaCl_2; L+LiCl=Li_3ErCl_6 +CaCl_2.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF Nd-Fe-B AND Pr-Fe-B PHASE DIAGRAMS

With the aid of 3-dimensional topological analysis methodology,relationships among phage regions on the isothermal section of the Nd-Fe-B phase diagram at 1000℃ and those on vertical sections of the Pr-Fe-B phase diagram passing through Pr_2 Fe_(14)B point have been re-discussed and modified.

CALCULATION OF NaCl-BaCl_2-SrCl_2 PHASE DIAGRAM

The mathematical formulas are given for calculating the partial molar thermodynamic proper- ties in a ternary system from its three corresponding binary systems based on the new ternary symmetric model presented by the authors in the foregoing paper.Applying this model to NaCl-BaCl_2-SrCl_2 system,the phase diagram of which as well as some isothermal sections have been calculated.The devations of temperature between the calculated and experimen- tal diagrams are less than five degrees.

Thermodynamic Properties of CaCl₂-CaF₂-CaO System: Phase Diagram Investigation

The CaCl2-CaF2-CaO phase diagram was investigated in the CaO low region (<40 mol.%). CaCl2-CaF2 and CaCl2-CaO binary diagrams, constituting the ternary system, were first studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization;a good agreement was obtained between the phase diagram models calculated with FactSage®software (FTsalt database) and present experimental data. As the CaF2-CaO liquidus could not be measured by DSC due to the high melting temperature, this diagram was calculated using FTsalt database combined with FToxid database of FactSage® software. The ternary phase diagram was obtained by calculations and exhibits an eutectic at the composition CaCl2-CaF2-CaO (78.2-15.7-6.1 mol.%) melting at 637°C, and five peritectic points. Measurements of relevant vertical cross-sections for three CaCl2-CaF2 compositions (50-50, 40-60 and 30-70 mol.%) up to 18 mol.% CaO are in agreement with the ternary phase diagram model. For each section, the liquidus temperature is constant up to around 11 mol.% CaO and then sharply increases. Moreover, an increase of CaF2 content in CaCl2-CaF2 melt leads to a decrease of the CaO solubility in isothermal condition.

700℃ ISOTHERMAL SECTION OF THE Pd-Ru-Gd PARTIAL PHASE DIAGRAM

The 700℃ isothermal section of the Pd-Ru-Gd partial ternary phase diagram containing more palladium than ruthenium was determined by X-rag diffraction analysis and optical microscopy. The section consists of seven single-phase regions,eleven two-phase regions and five three-phase regions. A new ternary compound Pd2RuGd2,which exhibits a tetragonal structure with a=0.7492 nm and c=0.7445 nm, has been found.

Calculation of the PrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 Phase Diagram

Based on the thermodynamically self-consistent analysis and optimization of three sub-binary systems of the ternary system PrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2,the thermodynamics of this ternary system has been studied.Using Hillert model and taking MgCl_2 as an asymmetric component,the PrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 phase diagram has been calculated.The agreement between calculated and measured compositions and temperatures at deflecting points on liquidus is good.The system is a simple eutectic one with a eutectic point at 26.0mol% PrCl_3, 41.5mol% CaCl_2,32.5mol% MgCl_2;560℃(calculated)and 26.0mol% PrCl_3,39.4mol% CaCl_2,34.6mol% MgCl_2;546℃(measured),respectively.

410℃ ISOTHERMAL SECTION OF Al-Cu-Sb PHASE DIAGRAM

The 410℃ isothermal section of the phase diagram of Al-Cu-Sb ternary system has been de- termined by means of X-ray powder diffraction method and electron probe microanalysis. The section determined consists of 12 single-phase regions,21 bi-phase regions and 10 tri-phase regions.

Investigation on the 773K isothermal section of Ho-Ni-Si ternary phase diagram by X-ray powder diffraction and magnetic property of Ho3NiSi2 alloy

The isothermal section of the Ho-Ni-Si system at 773 K was constructed by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)in this work.The system contains sixteen known type structure compounds TiNiSi-type HoNiSi,BaAl4-type HoNi2Si2,CeNiSi2-type HoNiSi2,U1Co3Si5-type Ho2Ni3Si5,SmNiGe3-type HoNiSi3,Ce3 Ni6Si2-type Ho3Ni6Si2,ThMn12-type HoNi10Si2,YPd2Si-type HoNi2Si,YNi5Si3-type HoNi5Si3,YNi4Si-type HoNi4Si,Gd3NiSi2-type Ho3NiSi2,YNi6Si6-type HoNi6Si6.AlB2-type Ho2NiSi3,AlB2-type Ho3Ni2Si4,AlB2-type Ho4NiSi7,Gd3Ru4Al12-type Ho8Ni31Si11,and one unknown type structure compound Ho5Ni2Si3.At the same time,one unknown structure new phase Ho37Ni3Si60 was observed.In ternary compounds,Ho2NiSi3 and Ho4NiSi7 have the solid solution phenomena;the solid solution ranges are about Ho33.3Ni18.7-9.7Si-48.0-57.0 and Ho33.Ni-8.3-2.6Si-58.3-64.1,respectively.At the same time,quasi-binary solid solutions were detected at 773 K for Ho2Ni17,HoNi5,Ho2Ni7,HoNi3,HoNi2,HoNi,HoSi.Other binary compounds of the Ho-Ni-Si system do not show any visible solubility.The magnetic property studies show that Ho3NiSi2 compound has two successive magnetic phase transitions in a low field:a spinreorientation transition at TSR=10 K and a second order ferromagnetic(FM)-paramagnetic(PM)transition at Tc=37 K.

Phase Separation in PCDTBT:PCBM Blends:from Flory-Huggins Interaction Parameters to Ternary Phase Diagrams

The substantial increase in the efficiency of organic solar cells achieved in recent years would not have been possible without work on the synthesis of new materials and understanding the relationship between the morphology and performance of organic photovoltaic devices.The structure of solvent-cast active layers is a result of phase separation in mixtures of donor and acceptor components.To a large extent,this process depends on the interactions between the components of the mixture.Here,we present a systematic analysis of the morphology of poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)](PCDTBT)and[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC70BM)films in terms of the ternary phase diagram.The interaction parameters between PCDTBT and four different solvents,namely chloroform,chlorobenzene,o-dichlorobenzene,and toluene,were estimated based on swelling experiments.Based on these values,ternary phase diagrams of PCDTBT:PC70BM in different solvents were calculated.The morphology of spin-coated films with different blend ratios cast from different solvents is discussed in terms of the obtained phase diagrams.

Optimal parameter space for stabilizing the ferroelectric phase of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2) thin films under strain and electric fields

Hafnia-based ferroelectric materials, like Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)(HZO), have received tremendous attention owing to their potentials for building ultra-thin ferroelectric devices. The orthorhombic(O)-phase of HZO is ferroelectric but metastable in its bulk form under ambient conditions, which poses a considerable challenge to maintaining the operation performance of HZO-based ferroelectric devices. Here, we theoretically addressed this issue that provides parameter spaces for stabilizing the O-phase of HZO thin-films under various conditions. Three mechanisms were found to be capable of lowering the relative energy of the O-phase, namely, more significant surface-bulk portion of(111) surfaces, compressive c-axis strain,and positive electric fields. Considering these mechanisms, we plotted two ternary phase diagrams for HZO thin-films where the strain was applied along the in-plane uniaxial and biaxial, respectively. These diagrams indicate the O-phase could be stabilized by solely shrinking the film-thickness below 12.26 nm, ascribed to its lower surface energies. All these results shed considerable light on designing more robust and higher-performance ferroelectric devices.

Isothermal Section of Phase Diagram of the Ternary System Co-Dy-Pr at 500℃

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the ternary system Co Dy Pr at 500℃ was investigated by X ray diffraction analysis, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, electron spectrum and electron probe miscroanalysis techniques. The section consists of seventeen single phase regions, twenty eight two phase regions and twelve three phase regions. Three of single phase regions are the solid continuums and three of single phase regions are the wide limit solid solutions. No ternary compound was observed in this system.

Ternary phase diagram of all-inorganic perovskite CsPbCl_(a)Br_(b)I_(3−a−b)nanocrystals

All-inorganic lead halide perovskite CsPbX3(X=Cl,Br,and I)nanocrystals(NCs)have shown great application prospects in optoelectronic fields.Their properties can be feasibly tuned by the ratio of different halide ions.Post-synthesis halide anion exchange of Cl‒Br or Br‒I in CsPbX3 NCs allows getting any desired composition of CsPbClxBr3−x and CsPbBr_(x)I_(3−x)(0≤x≤3).However,due to the large difference of the Cl and I radii,they can only substitute each other in a limited ratio to form CsPbCl_(y)I_(3−y)(0<y<δor 3−δ'<y<3).To date,little has been known on the phase diagram of the ternary halide perovskite of CsPbCl_(a)Br_(b)I_(3−a−b)(0<a+b<3).In this work,the ternary halide perovskite phase diagram is constructed by the strategy of halide anion exchange between perovskite NCs.From the diagram,the composition and proportion of the perovskite NC final phases from any starting perovskite NC mixture can be calculated.Specifically,a two-phase perovskite NC system showing stable dual photoluminescence(PL)peaks is achieved.