The hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline BL13U is a phase-Ⅱ beamline project at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The beamline aims to enable comprehensive experiments at high spatial resolutions ranging from 50 t...The hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline BL13U is a phase-Ⅱ beamline project at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The beamline aims to enable comprehensive experiments at high spatial resolutions ranging from 50 to 10 nm. The X-ray energy range of the beamline, 5–25 keV, can detect most elements in the periodic table. Two operating modes were designed to accommodate the experimental requirements of high-energy resolution or high photon flux, respectively. X-ray nanofluorescence, nanodiffraction, and coherent diffraction imaging are developed as the main experimental techniques for BL13U. This paper describes the beamline optics, end station configurations, experimental methods under development, and preliminary test results. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a clear understanding of the beamline capabilities and potential applications.展开更多
Nanowires have emerged as promising one-dimensional materials with which to construct various nanocircuits and nanosensors.However,measuring the electrical properties of individual nanowires directly remains challengi...Nanowires have emerged as promising one-dimensional materials with which to construct various nanocircuits and nanosensors.However,measuring the electrical properties of individual nanowires directly remains challenging because of their small size,thereby hindering the comprehensive understanding of nanowire-based device performance.A crucial factor in achieving reliable electrical characterization is establishing well-determined contact conditions between the nanowire sample and the electrodes,which becomes particularly difficult for soft nanowires.Introduced here is a novel technique for measuring the conductivity of an individual nanowire with the aid of automated nanomanipulation using an atomic force microscope.In this method,two nanowire segments cut from the same silver nanowire are positioned onto a pair of gold electrodes,serving as flexible nanoprobes to establish controllable contact with the sample.By changing the contact points along the nanowire sample,conductivity measurements can be performed on different regions,thereby eliminating the influence of contact resistance by analyzing multiple current–voltage curves.Using this approach,the resistivity of a 100-nm-diameter silver nanowire is determined to be 3.49×10^(−8)Ωm.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target ana...Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target analytes, low toxicity, favorable biocompatibility, and excellent photostability, researchers from diverse disciplines have come together to further develop the fundamental properties of CDs. Many methods for the production of CDs have been reported, therein, hydrothermal and solvothermal technology needs simple equipments, and microwave synthesis needs less reaction time, hence these methods become current common synthesis methods, in which many precursors have been applied to produce CDs. Due to their excellent fluorescence, CDs have made impressive strides in sensitivity and selectivity to a diverse array of salt ions,organic/biological molecules and target gases. The development of CDs as nanoprobes is still in its infancy, but continued progress may lead to their integration into environmental and biological applications. Hydrothermal,solvothermal, and microwave synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots and their detection applications as nanoprobes in salt ions, organic/biological molecules, and target gases will be reviewed.展开更多
In this paper, near-infrared emitting long-persistence luminescent Zn3Ga2Ge2O10:Cr3?(ZGG) nanoparticles with diameters of 30–100 nm and bright luminescence were prepared by a sol–gel synthesis method. After the surf...In this paper, near-infrared emitting long-persistence luminescent Zn3Ga2Ge2O10:Cr3?(ZGG) nanoparticles with diameters of 30–100 nm and bright luminescence were prepared by a sol–gel synthesis method. After the surface amination, the nanoparticles were further bioconjugated with breast cancer-specific monoclonal antibody(anti-Ep CAM) to form ZGG-Ep CAM nanoprobes which can specifically target breast cancer cell lines(MCF7) in vitro. The results of in vitro images show that the luminescence signals from the cells treated with ZGG-Ep CAM nanoprobes are stronger than those from cells treated with ZGG-unconjugated antibody, indicating that the prepared ZGG-Ep CAM nanoprobes possessed excellent specific recognition capability. Furthermore, due to their long afterglow properties, the imaging could persist more than 1 h. Therefore, these nanoprobes could not only provide a high specificity detection method for cancer cells but also realize the long-time monitoring. Developed near-infrared emitting long-persistence luminescent nanoprobes will be expected to find new perspectives for cell therapy research and diagnosis applications.展开更多
How to trigger strong anti-tumor immune responses has become a focus for tumor therapy.Here,we report the human-induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSs)to deliver MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes into tumors for simultaneous photodyna...How to trigger strong anti-tumor immune responses has become a focus for tumor therapy.Here,we report the human-induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSs)to deliver MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes into tumors for simultaneous photodynamic therapy(PDT)and enhanced immunotherapy.Ce6 photosensitizer was attached on manganese dioxide(MnO2)nanoparticles,and resultant MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes were delivered into mitomycin-treated iPSs to form iPS-MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes.The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 actively targeted in vivo tumors,the acidic microenvironment triggered interaction between MnO2 and H2O2,released large quantities of oxygen,alleviated hypoxia in tumor.Upon PDT,singlet oxygen formed,broken iPSs released tumor-shared antigens,which evoked an intensive innate and adaptive immune response against the tumor,improving dendritic cells matured,effector T cells,and natural killer cells were activated.Meanwhile,regulatory T cells were reduced,and then the immune response induced by iPS-MnO2@Ce6 was markedly stronger than the immune reaction induced by MnO2@Ce6(P<0.05).The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 markedly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and reduced mortality in mice models with tumor.Human iPS s loaded with MnO2-based nanoprobes are a promising strategy for simultaneous PDT and enhanced immunotherapy against tumor and own clinical translational prospect.展开更多
Fe-based single-atomic site catalysts(SASCs),with the natural metalloproteases-like active site structure,have attracted widespread attention in biocatalysis and biosensing.Precisely,controlling the isolated single-at...Fe-based single-atomic site catalysts(SASCs),with the natural metalloproteases-like active site structure,have attracted widespread attention in biocatalysis and biosensing.Precisely,controlling the isolated single-atom Fe-N-C active site structure is crucial to improve the SASCs’performance.In this work,we use a facile ion-imprinting method(IIM)to synthesize isolated Fe-N-C single-atomic site catalysts(IIM-Fe-SASC).With this method,the ion-imprinting process can precisely control ion at the atomic level and form numerous well-defined single-atomic Fe-N-C sites.The IIM-Fe-SASC shows better peroxidase-like activities than that of non-imprinted references.Due to its excellent properties,IIM-Fe-SASC is an ideal nanoprobe used in the colorimetric biosensing of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Using IIM-Fe-SASC as the nanoprobe,in situ detection of H_(2)O_(2)generated from MDA-MB-231 cells has been successfully demonstrated with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity.This work opens a novel and easy route in designing advanced SASC and provides a sensitive tool for intracellular H_(2)O_(2)detection.展开更多
Tumor microenvironment(TME)-activatable probes have been proven to effectively increase signal-tobackground ratios(SBRs)and improve the success rate of complete tumor resection.However,many fluorescence probes have to...Tumor microenvironment(TME)-activatable probes have been proven to effectively increase signal-tobackground ratios(SBRs)and improve the success rate of complete tumor resection.However,many fluorescence probes have to be loaded into a nanocarrier for tumor targeted delivery,which consequently encounters poor drug loading,heterogeneous composition and non-encapsulated drug aggregates occurred during nanoformulation fabrications.Herein,a nitroreductase(NTR)-activated“OFF-ON”near-infrared fluorescence nanoprobe,named Nano Bodipy,was synthesized by the spontaneous self-assembling of NTRresponsive dye-polyethylene glycol(PEG)amphiphilic polymer in water.The NTR-responsive dye acted as the hydrophobic segment in the amphiphilic polymer,yielding a homogeneous composition and a high loading of 12.2 wt%(according to calculation)in the synthesized Nano Bodipy.The synthesized Nano Bodipy can efficiently accumulate in tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect,enabling non-invasive tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging and guiding complete tumor resection.Once the synthesized Nano Bodipy entered the tumor cells,they dissociated and were activated by overexpressed NTR.With the real-time fluorescence guide of Nano Bodipy,complete tumor resection surgery was performed successfully.展开更多
Chemotherapy,the use of antitumor drugs to kill cancer cells,is currently one of the most effective treatments for cancer.However,serious toxic side effects caused by long-term drug accumulation can cause significant ...Chemotherapy,the use of antitumor drugs to kill cancer cells,is currently one of the most effective treatments for cancer.However,serious toxic side effects caused by long-term drug accumulation can cause significant damage to the body,which limits the clinical application of antitumor drugs.In this study,a novel RENPs@DOX-Fe nanoprobe(NP) was constructed by coating the surface of rare earth nanomaterials(NaLuF_(4):Yb,Er) with a complex formed by doxorubicin(DOX) and iron ion(Ⅲ).Due to the low toxicity of anthracycline-metal complexes,the damage to normal cells is reduced.The unique acidic microenvironment in tumor cells facilitates the decomposition and gradual release of DOX from the DOX-Fe complex.In addition,the DOX-Fe complex can convert near-infrared(NIR) light into heat energy,which promotes the decomposition of the complex,further enhancing the release of DOX in the tumor environment.The change of ratio fluorescence of rare earth nanomaterials at 660 and 1550 nm after DOX release enables visual monitoring of drug release,which can potentially improve the chemotherapeutic effect.In vitro experiments established that RENPs@DOX-Fe NPs with NIR illumination had good therapeutic efficacy in tumors.This work provides new insights into designing tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoprobes for chemotherapy with minimal side effects.展开更多
Malignant tumors are the main diseases threatening human life. Using precise theranostics to diagnose and cure tumors has emerged as a new method to improve patient survival. Based on the current development of precis...Malignant tumors are the main diseases threatening human life. Using precise theranostics to diagnose and cure tumors has emerged as a new method to improve patient survival. Based on the current development of precise tumor imaging, image-guided tumor therapy has received widespread attention because it is beneficial for developing precise treatment of tumors, has the potential to improve the efficacy of tumor therapy and reduce the incidence of adverse side effects. Nanoprobes, which are nanomaterial functionalized with specific biomolecules, have intrigued intense interest due to their great potential in monitoring biorecognition and biodetection evens. Benefiting from the unique advantages of nanomaterials, including the easy surface functionalization, the unique imaging performances, and the high drug loading capacity, nanoprobes have become a powerful tool to simultaneously realize tumor precise imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. This review introduces the non-invasive tumor precise imaging and highlights the recent advances of image-guided oncotherapy mediated by nanoprobes in anti-tumor drug delivery, tumor precise surgical navigation, chemodynamic therapy, and phototherapy. Finally, a perspective on the challenge and future direction of nanoprobes in imaging-guided tumor theranostics is also discussed.展开更多
Immunoassay is a powerful technique that uses highly specific antigenantibody interactions to detect biochemical targets such as proteins and toxins.As a diagnostic tool,immunoassay is employed in the screening,diagno...Immunoassay is a powerful technique that uses highly specific antigenantibody interactions to detect biochemical targets such as proteins and toxins.As a diagnostic tool,immunoassay is employed in the screening,diagnosis,and prognosis of diseases,which are crucial for the grasp and control of patient conditions in clinical practice.With the rapid development of nanotechnology,immunoassays based on nanoprobes have attracted more and more attention due to the advantages of high sensitivity,specificity,stability,and versatility.These nanoprobes are nanoscale particles that can act as signal carriers or targeting agents for immunoassays.In this paper,we review the recent advances in various types of nanoprobes for immunoassays,such as colloidal gold,quantum dots,magnetic nanoparticles,nanozymes,aggregation-induced emission,and up-conversion nanoparticles.The effect of the nanoprobe construction and synthesis methods on their detection performance deserves to be studied in depth.We also compare their detection ranges and limits in different immunoassay methods,such as lateral flow immunoassays,fluorescent immunoassays,and surface-enhanced Raman scattering immunoassays.Moreover,we discuss the benefits and challenges of nanoprobes in immunoassays and provide insights into their future development.This study aims to offer a comprehensive and critical perspective on the role of nanoprobes in the field of immunoassays.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFA1601000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175294)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.21ZR1471500).
文摘The hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline BL13U is a phase-Ⅱ beamline project at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The beamline aims to enable comprehensive experiments at high spatial resolutions ranging from 50 to 10 nm. The X-ray energy range of the beamline, 5–25 keV, can detect most elements in the periodic table. Two operating modes were designed to accommodate the experimental requirements of high-energy resolution or high photon flux, respectively. X-ray nanofluorescence, nanodiffraction, and coherent diffraction imaging are developed as the main experimental techniques for BL13U. This paper describes the beamline optics, end station configurations, experimental methods under development, and preliminary test results. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a clear understanding of the beamline capabilities and potential applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61973233).
文摘Nanowires have emerged as promising one-dimensional materials with which to construct various nanocircuits and nanosensors.However,measuring the electrical properties of individual nanowires directly remains challenging because of their small size,thereby hindering the comprehensive understanding of nanowire-based device performance.A crucial factor in achieving reliable electrical characterization is establishing well-determined contact conditions between the nanowire sample and the electrodes,which becomes particularly difficult for soft nanowires.Introduced here is a novel technique for measuring the conductivity of an individual nanowire with the aid of automated nanomanipulation using an atomic force microscope.In this method,two nanowire segments cut from the same silver nanowire are positioned onto a pair of gold electrodes,serving as flexible nanoprobes to establish controllable contact with the sample.By changing the contact points along the nanowire sample,conductivity measurements can be performed on different regions,thereby eliminating the influence of contact resistance by analyzing multiple current–voltage curves.Using this approach,the resistivity of a 100-nm-diameter silver nanowire is determined to be 3.49×10^(−8)Ωm.
基金supported by the National HighTech R&D Program of China (863 program, 2011AA050504)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21171117 and 61376003)+4 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0356)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (13ZR1456600)Shanghai Science and Technology Grant (12JC1405700)Shanghai Pujiang Program (11PJD011)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, and Medical-Engineering Crossover Fund (YG2012MS40 and YG2012MS32) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target analytes, low toxicity, favorable biocompatibility, and excellent photostability, researchers from diverse disciplines have come together to further develop the fundamental properties of CDs. Many methods for the production of CDs have been reported, therein, hydrothermal and solvothermal technology needs simple equipments, and microwave synthesis needs less reaction time, hence these methods become current common synthesis methods, in which many precursors have been applied to produce CDs. Due to their excellent fluorescence, CDs have made impressive strides in sensitivity and selectivity to a diverse array of salt ions,organic/biological molecules and target gases. The development of CDs as nanoprobes is still in its infancy, but continued progress may lead to their integration into environmental and biological applications. Hydrothermal,solvothermal, and microwave synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots and their detection applications as nanoprobes in salt ions, organic/biological molecules, and target gases will be reviewed.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project in Xiamen(3502Z20132012)the Xiamen Southern Oceanographic Center(14GYY008NF08)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2011J01220)the Major Program of Department of Science and Technology(2012Y4009)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen(3502Z20123036)
文摘In this paper, near-infrared emitting long-persistence luminescent Zn3Ga2Ge2O10:Cr3?(ZGG) nanoparticles with diameters of 30–100 nm and bright luminescence were prepared by a sol–gel synthesis method. After the surface amination, the nanoparticles were further bioconjugated with breast cancer-specific monoclonal antibody(anti-Ep CAM) to form ZGG-Ep CAM nanoprobes which can specifically target breast cancer cell lines(MCF7) in vitro. The results of in vitro images show that the luminescence signals from the cells treated with ZGG-Ep CAM nanoprobes are stronger than those from cells treated with ZGG-unconjugated antibody, indicating that the prepared ZGG-Ep CAM nanoprobes possessed excellent specific recognition capability. Furthermore, due to their long afterglow properties, the imaging could persist more than 1 h. Therefore, these nanoprobes could not only provide a high specificity detection method for cancer cells but also realize the long-time monitoring. Developed near-infrared emitting long-persistence luminescent nanoprobes will be expected to find new perspectives for cell therapy research and diagnosis applications.
基金financially supported by National Nature Scientific foundation(81803094,81802979 and 81921002)the National Foundational Basic Research Project of China(2017YFA0205301 and 2015CB931802)+3 种基金Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology Fund(No.XC-ZXSJ-02-2016-05)the medical engineering cross project of Shanghai Jiao Tong university(YG2017ZD05,YG2016ZD10 and YG2017Z D05)the Project of Thousand Youth Talents from Chinathe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200904 and 2017YFE0124400)。
文摘How to trigger strong anti-tumor immune responses has become a focus for tumor therapy.Here,we report the human-induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSs)to deliver MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes into tumors for simultaneous photodynamic therapy(PDT)and enhanced immunotherapy.Ce6 photosensitizer was attached on manganese dioxide(MnO2)nanoparticles,and resultant MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes were delivered into mitomycin-treated iPSs to form iPS-MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes.The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 actively targeted in vivo tumors,the acidic microenvironment triggered interaction between MnO2 and H2O2,released large quantities of oxygen,alleviated hypoxia in tumor.Upon PDT,singlet oxygen formed,broken iPSs released tumor-shared antigens,which evoked an intensive innate and adaptive immune response against the tumor,improving dendritic cells matured,effector T cells,and natural killer cells were activated.Meanwhile,regulatory T cells were reduced,and then the immune response induced by iPS-MnO2@Ce6 was markedly stronger than the immune reaction induced by MnO2@Ce6(P<0.05).The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 markedly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and reduced mortality in mice models with tumor.Human iPS s loaded with MnO2-based nanoprobes are a promising strategy for simultaneous PDT and enhanced immunotherapy against tumor and own clinical translational prospect.
基金This work was supported by a WSU startup fund.XAS measurements were done at beamline 12-BM of the Advanced Photon Source(APS),which is a User Facility operated for the U.S.Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
文摘Fe-based single-atomic site catalysts(SASCs),with the natural metalloproteases-like active site structure,have attracted widespread attention in biocatalysis and biosensing.Precisely,controlling the isolated single-atom Fe-N-C active site structure is crucial to improve the SASCs’performance.In this work,we use a facile ion-imprinting method(IIM)to synthesize isolated Fe-N-C single-atomic site catalysts(IIM-Fe-SASC).With this method,the ion-imprinting process can precisely control ion at the atomic level and form numerous well-defined single-atomic Fe-N-C sites.The IIM-Fe-SASC shows better peroxidase-like activities than that of non-imprinted references.Due to its excellent properties,IIM-Fe-SASC is an ideal nanoprobe used in the colorimetric biosensing of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Using IIM-Fe-SASC as the nanoprobe,in situ detection of H_(2)O_(2)generated from MDA-MB-231 cells has been successfully demonstrated with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity.This work opens a novel and easy route in designing advanced SASC and provides a sensitive tool for intracellular H_(2)O_(2)detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51903201,82172798)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-YBSF-270)+1 种基金the Open Program of NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine(No.KF202203)Horizontal Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University(No.202304174)。
文摘Tumor microenvironment(TME)-activatable probes have been proven to effectively increase signal-tobackground ratios(SBRs)and improve the success rate of complete tumor resection.However,many fluorescence probes have to be loaded into a nanocarrier for tumor targeted delivery,which consequently encounters poor drug loading,heterogeneous composition and non-encapsulated drug aggregates occurred during nanoformulation fabrications.Herein,a nitroreductase(NTR)-activated“OFF-ON”near-infrared fluorescence nanoprobe,named Nano Bodipy,was synthesized by the spontaneous self-assembling of NTRresponsive dye-polyethylene glycol(PEG)amphiphilic polymer in water.The NTR-responsive dye acted as the hydrophobic segment in the amphiphilic polymer,yielding a homogeneous composition and a high loading of 12.2 wt%(according to calculation)in the synthesized Nano Bodipy.The synthesized Nano Bodipy can efficiently accumulate in tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect,enabling non-invasive tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging and guiding complete tumor resection.Once the synthesized Nano Bodipy entered the tumor cells,they dissociated and were activated by overexpressed NTR.With the real-time fluorescence guide of Nano Bodipy,complete tumor resection surgery was performed successfully.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92159103)Beijing Municipal Education Commission Outstanding Young Individual Project(CIT&TCD201904082)+1 种基金Youth High-level Talent Project of Capital Normal University(20530810024)Yanjing Young Scholar Program of Capital Normal University。
文摘Chemotherapy,the use of antitumor drugs to kill cancer cells,is currently one of the most effective treatments for cancer.However,serious toxic side effects caused by long-term drug accumulation can cause significant damage to the body,which limits the clinical application of antitumor drugs.In this study,a novel RENPs@DOX-Fe nanoprobe(NP) was constructed by coating the surface of rare earth nanomaterials(NaLuF_(4):Yb,Er) with a complex formed by doxorubicin(DOX) and iron ion(Ⅲ).Due to the low toxicity of anthracycline-metal complexes,the damage to normal cells is reduced.The unique acidic microenvironment in tumor cells facilitates the decomposition and gradual release of DOX from the DOX-Fe complex.In addition,the DOX-Fe complex can convert near-infrared(NIR) light into heat energy,which promotes the decomposition of the complex,further enhancing the release of DOX in the tumor environment.The change of ratio fluorescence of rare earth nanomaterials at 660 and 1550 nm after DOX release enables visual monitoring of drug release,which can potentially improve the chemotherapeutic effect.In vitro experiments established that RENPs@DOX-Fe NPs with NIR illumination had good therapeutic efficacy in tumors.This work provides new insights into designing tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoprobes for chemotherapy with minimal side effects.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0908800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22174105 and 21974104)Large-scale Instrument and Equipment Sharing Foundation of Wuhan University.
文摘Malignant tumors are the main diseases threatening human life. Using precise theranostics to diagnose and cure tumors has emerged as a new method to improve patient survival. Based on the current development of precise tumor imaging, image-guided tumor therapy has received widespread attention because it is beneficial for developing precise treatment of tumors, has the potential to improve the efficacy of tumor therapy and reduce the incidence of adverse side effects. Nanoprobes, which are nanomaterial functionalized with specific biomolecules, have intrigued intense interest due to their great potential in monitoring biorecognition and biodetection evens. Benefiting from the unique advantages of nanomaterials, including the easy surface functionalization, the unique imaging performances, and the high drug loading capacity, nanoprobes have become a powerful tool to simultaneously realize tumor precise imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. This review introduces the non-invasive tumor precise imaging and highlights the recent advances of image-guided oncotherapy mediated by nanoprobes in anti-tumor drug delivery, tumor precise surgical navigation, chemodynamic therapy, and phototherapy. Finally, a perspective on the challenge and future direction of nanoprobes in imaging-guided tumor theranostics is also discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51832001,61821002Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20222002Nanjing Science and Technology Development Foundation,Grant/Award Number:202205066。
文摘Immunoassay is a powerful technique that uses highly specific antigenantibody interactions to detect biochemical targets such as proteins and toxins.As a diagnostic tool,immunoassay is employed in the screening,diagnosis,and prognosis of diseases,which are crucial for the grasp and control of patient conditions in clinical practice.With the rapid development of nanotechnology,immunoassays based on nanoprobes have attracted more and more attention due to the advantages of high sensitivity,specificity,stability,and versatility.These nanoprobes are nanoscale particles that can act as signal carriers or targeting agents for immunoassays.In this paper,we review the recent advances in various types of nanoprobes for immunoassays,such as colloidal gold,quantum dots,magnetic nanoparticles,nanozymes,aggregation-induced emission,and up-conversion nanoparticles.The effect of the nanoprobe construction and synthesis methods on their detection performance deserves to be studied in depth.We also compare their detection ranges and limits in different immunoassay methods,such as lateral flow immunoassays,fluorescent immunoassays,and surface-enhanced Raman scattering immunoassays.Moreover,we discuss the benefits and challenges of nanoprobes in immunoassays and provide insights into their future development.This study aims to offer a comprehensive and critical perspective on the role of nanoprobes in the field of immunoassays.
