The aim of this study is to determine the opinion related to the audit quality of independent auditors in Turkey.For this purpose,a study was carried out on the auditors operating in the TRC 1 region and having an aud...The aim of this study is to determine the opinion related to the audit quality of independent auditors in Turkey.For this purpose,a study was carried out on the auditors operating in the TRC 1 region and having an auditor certificate.Questionnaire method was used in the research.In the evaluation of the data,frequency,mean,and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistical methods.In addition,t-test and one-way ANOVA test were used to compare the data between independent groups.Research results show no significant difference between the opinions of the independent auditors according to various variables.展开更多
Against the background of China’s strengthening of finance and accounting supervision,this study examines the practice among listed companies of changing signing auditors at the last minute and explores whether Chine...Against the background of China’s strengthening of finance and accounting supervision,this study examines the practice among listed companies of changing signing auditors at the last minute and explores whether Chinese investors can capture this information in a timely manner.We find that China’s capital market responds significantly negatively to these last-minute changes,implying that investors perceive a potential negative impact of this behavior.Crosssectional analyses suggest that the characteristics of the change event,recent corporate events,and accounting firm capability significantly affect the stock price response.Furthermore,in terms of the individual characteristics of signing auditors,external investors appear to comprehensively consider busyness level,industry experience,and the timing of the change to determine the causes and effects of the auditor change and make different market reactions accordingly.In addition,consistent with investor perceptions,we find that last-minute changes significantly impair the quality of financial statements,indicating that external investors’judgments based on information about changes in signing auditors are rational and effective.展开更多
With reference to the Job Demands-Control Model,we empirically examine the effect of auditors' work stress on audit quality using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies and their signature auditors from 2009...With reference to the Job Demands-Control Model,we empirically examine the effect of auditors' work stress on audit quality using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies and their signature auditors from 2009 to 2013.The results show that(1) there is generally no pervasive deterioration in audit quality resulting from auditors' work stress;(2) there is a significant negative association between work stress and audit quality in the initial audits of new clients;and(3) the perception of work stress depends on auditors' individual characteristics.Auditors from international audit firms and those in the role of partner respond more strongly to work stress than industry experts.Auditors tend to react more intensively when dealing with state-owned companies.We suggest that audit firms attach more importance to auditors' work stress and rationalize their allocation of audit resources to ensure high audit quality.展开更多
Do supply chain audits have real effects?We focus on the effect of shared auditors in the supply chain on corporate cost stickiness.When a supplier shares auditors with its customers,the shared auditors provide inform...Do supply chain audits have real effects?We focus on the effect of shared auditors in the supply chain on corporate cost stickiness.When a supplier shares auditors with its customers,the shared auditors provide informational advantages for suppliers’managers,thus revising their optimistic or pessimistic expectations and influencing suppliers’cost stickiness.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2017,we explore the relationship between shared auditors and suppliers’cost stickiness conditional on management expectations.The results show that shared auditors in the supply chain reduce suppliers’cost stickiness significantly when suppliers’managers hold optimistic expectations,and increase suppliers’cost stickiness in cases of pessimistic expectations.Furthermore,the greater the number of shared auditors,the stronger the effect.Such effects are more pronounced when supplier firms share auditors with important customers,have higher demand uncertainty,and use big 10 auditors.展开更多
When there is high information asymmetry between directors and managers,independent directors do not have enough information to perform their functions. Only when faced with a good internal information environment can...When there is high information asymmetry between directors and managers,independent directors do not have enough information to perform their functions. Only when faced with a good internal information environment can such directors acquire enough information to provide advice and monitor managers,and only under these conditions can increasing their proportion on the board effectively reduce agency problems, such as driving managers to disclose information to investors. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms that voluntarily disclose their auditors' reports on internal controls from 2007 to 2009, this study explores how the information acquisition costs of independent directors affect their monitoring effectiveness by investigating the disclosure decisions of their internal control audits. We find that when the information asymmetry between insiders and outside directors is low and the proportion of independent directors on a board is high, a firm is more likely to voluntarily disclose its internal control audit report.展开更多
Using propensity score matching (PSM) and the difference-in- difference (DID) approach, this paper explores the characteristics of listed Chinese firms that voluntarily disclose auditors' reports on internal cont...Using propensity score matching (PSM) and the difference-in- difference (DID) approach, this paper explores the characteristics of listed Chinese firms that voluntarily disclose auditors' reports on internal control and the economic consequences. Using a sample of non-financial firms listed on the main boards of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange between 2006 and 2010, we find that firms are more likely to voluntarily disclose their auditors' reports on internal control if they have higher state ownership, lower managerial ownership, sanction records, audit committees, non-Big Four auditors as their auditors of annual financial reports, unqualified auditors' opinions on financial reports, less board independence, after controlling for firm size, liabilities, performance, and history. Moreover, as compared to a control group that exhibits similar characteristics, firms that voluntarily disclose auditors' reports on internal control are associated with positive earnings quality and negative cost of equity capital.展开更多
Unlike previous studies in which a single index was used to measure audit quality, this study establishes a new comprehensive index to measure audit quality via Discretionary Accrual, as estimated by Jones' basic ...Unlike previous studies in which a single index was used to measure audit quality, this study establishes a new comprehensive index to measure audit quality via Discretionary Accrual, as estimated by Jones' basic model(1991) and Audit Opinions. The former is used to measure the quality of financial statements, and the latter is used to measure the auditors' independence in the mainstream international literature. We examine whether and how an auditor's gender affects the quality of his or her audits under the framework of empathy theory and gender role socialization theory. Using a large sample of 9861 auditor-firm-year observations from Chinese A-share–listed companies from 2011 to 2015, we find that the audit quality of signed auditors shows significant gender differences: these significant gender differences differ from the findings of previous studies that female auditors could provide a higherquality audit than male auditors; that is, in our study the audit quality of the male auditors exceeds that of the female auditors. After distinguishing the positive and negative directions of the Discretionary Accrual, we find no significant gender differences in audit quality between male and female auditors when the earnings had been adjusted upward by the client; that is, female and male auditors had the same audit risk perception. However, when the client adjusted earnings downward, which indicates a lower audit risk for theauditor, the audit quality of female auditors was significantly lower than that of the male auditors. After controlling for the age and position of the auditors,we also find that the gender differences in the auditors' audit quality decreased significantly or even disappeared when the auditor's age exceeded 45 years and/or their position was manager or above. These results are consistent with the empathy theory and gender role socialization theory.展开更多
After issuing the 1998 Accounting Standards, Chinese regulators implemented additional regulations in 2001 governing write-downs of impaired assets and required assessment of recoverable amounts for four additional as...After issuing the 1998 Accounting Standards, Chinese regulators implemented additional regulations in 2001 governing write-downs of impaired assets and required assessment of recoverable amounts for four additional asset categories. As the recoverable value cannot be obtained objectively, management can discretionally assess the magnitude of write-downs to affect bottom-line profit. This study used 7258 firm-year observations in China from 1998 to2005 to examine whether the percentage of asset write-downs by statecontrolled firms differs from non-state-controlled firms, conditional upon more conservative financial reporting rules, and investigate whether local auditors support managerial decisions on asset write-downs. The empirical findings support the tendency of state-controlled ownerships to have lower asset write-downs. Local auditors also support managerial decisions on asset write-downs, especially when the companies are controlled by local governments.展开更多
In the present scenario of rapid growth in cloud computing models,several companies and users started to share their data on cloud servers.However,when the model is not completely trusted,the data owners face several ...In the present scenario of rapid growth in cloud computing models,several companies and users started to share their data on cloud servers.However,when the model is not completely trusted,the data owners face several security-related problems,such as user privacy breaches,data disclosure,data corruption,and so on,during the process of data outsourcing.For addressing and handling the security-related issues on Cloud,several models were proposed.With that concern,this paper develops a Privacy-Preserved Data Security Approach(PP-DSA)to provide the data security and data integrity for the out-sourcing data in Cloud Environment.Privacy preservation is ensured in this work with the Efficient Authentication Technique(EAT)using the Group Signature method that is applied with Third-Party Auditor(TPA).The role of the auditor is to secure the data and guarantee shared data integrity.Additionally,the Cloud Service Provider(CSP)and Data User(DU)can also be the attackers that are to be handled with the EAT.Here,the major objective of the work is to enhance cloud security and thereby,increase Quality of Service(QoS).The results are evaluated based on the model effectiveness,security,and reliability and show that the proposed model provides better results than existing works.展开更多
Many organizations apply cloud computing to store and effectively process data for various applications.The user uploads the data in the cloud has less security due to the unreliable verification process of data integ...Many organizations apply cloud computing to store and effectively process data for various applications.The user uploads the data in the cloud has less security due to the unreliable verification process of data integrity.In this research,an enhanced Merkle hash tree method of effective authentication model is proposed in the multi-owner cloud to increase the security of the cloud data.Merkle Hash tree applies the leaf nodes with a hash tag and the non-leaf node contains the table of hash information of child to encrypt the large data.Merkle Hash tree provides the efficient mapping of data and easily identifies the changesmade in the data due to proper structure.The developed model supports privacy-preserving public auditing to provide a secure cloud storage system.The data owners upload the data in the cloud and edit the data using the private key.An enhanced Merkle hash tree method stores the data in the cloud server and splits it into batches.The data files requested by the data owner are audit by a third-party auditor and the multiowner authentication method is applied during the modification process to authenticate the user.The result shows that the proposed method reduces the encryption and decryption time for cloud data storage by 2–167 ms when compared to the existing Advanced Encryption Standard and Blowfish.展开更多
This study aimed to assess and analyzed the influence of micro and macro fundamental, ownership structure, financial performance, and auditor’s opinion on the value of the company in State Owned Enterprises consideri...This study aimed to assess and analyzed the influence of micro and macro fundamental, ownership structure, financial performance, and auditor’s opinion on the value of the company in State Owned Enterprises considering that 51% of shareholding is fully owned and controlled by the government so management has some rights in decision making. The interest of researchers in observing State Owned Enterprises on interest ownership interest in investors and potential investors compared to private companies that fluctuate in accordance with state economic conditions and government decisions that provide sentiment for stocks. Research population at 20 State Owned Enterprises listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research method used purposive sampling with 12 companies in 2010-2015. Data analysis techniques in this study used Partial Least Square consists of Inner model, Outers model, and Weight relation. The result of analysis of hypothesis test of research showing all test accepted with significant level 5% influence equal to 1.960 except macro fund influence 0.0031421 and not significant equal to 1.914374 so rejected (H5) and macro fundamentals have effect 0.040271 and not significant equal 1.674420 thus rejected (H7).展开更多
This paper studies the impact of auditors'own quality on audit quality.Through the test of relevant models,it is necessary to find out whether the conclusions of predecessors have practical significance in improvi...This paper studies the impact of auditors'own quality on audit quality.Through the test of relevant models,it is necessary to find out whether the conclusions of predecessors have practical significance in improving the quality of auditing as time goes by and other relevant influencing factors of the market.The paper collects relevant data from multiple dimensions such as the age level of the auditors,the accumulation of audit experience,and the level of education by collecting the relevant data of the 2016 A-share listed companies and the top 100 CPA firms in 2014-2016.An empirical test was conducted.According to the results of the empirical test,the discussion and research will be carried out,and further opinions and suggestions on how to improve the quality of the auditor should be put forward.The innovation of the research is that the level of earnings management is used as a measure of audit quality,and non-recurring gains and losses are used as explanatory variables.On the basis of previous studies,time and environmental institutional variables were further introduced for further verification.展开更多
Previous literature show that auditors and the public have different understandings and beliefs about the auditor’s responsibilities.The public’s expectation of statutory audit may exceed the responsibility required...Previous literature show that auditors and the public have different understandings and beliefs about the auditor’s responsibilities.The public’s expectation of statutory audit may exceed the responsibility required by the auditing standard,which leads to the audit expectation gap.Since the 1980s,there are more and more criticisms on statutory auditors especially after the appearance of some auditing fraud such as Enron case in the United States and Maxwell’s case in the United Kingdom.The misunderstanding from the public makes the auditor face more and more challenges.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the components of the gap,and discuss the main reasons based on the existing literature and cases.This paper makes a critical evaluation of the audit expectation gap from three parts:performance gap,standard gap,and reasonableness gap,respectively.展开更多
The rapid development of non-audit services(NAS)has jeopardized the independence of auditors,which has led many Western countries to enact regulations that restrict the provision of NAS.While in China,NAS have just em...The rapid development of non-audit services(NAS)has jeopardized the independence of auditors,which has led many Western countries to enact regulations that restrict the provision of NAS.While in China,NAS have just emerged,and its development in China is far less mature than in Western countries.The purpose of this paper is to explore whether NAS in China have damaged auditor independence and whether Chinese regulators need to emulate Western countries and strongly limit the provision of NAS.In order to achieve this objective,213 Chinese listed companies are selected in this study.The audit opinions issued by the auditors are used as substitute variables for auditor independence(dependent variables),and the ratio of non-audit service fees to the total of audit service fees and non-audit service fees as a substitute variable for the provision of NAS(independent variable),and meanwhile some suitable control variables are also selected.Analyse these data by building a binary logistic regression model.The results show that there is no evidence in China that NAS can undermine auditor independence and there is no need for China to enact regulations to prohibit the provision of NAS.展开更多
内部牵制的概念出现最早,涵义最狭。美国的《会计词典》解释“内部牵制”为“控制会计事项的一种方法,其目的是使组织经营有效并防止舞弊,其主要特征是将组织上的责任进行分配,使没有单独的个人或部门对任何会计事项有单独的控制权,而...内部牵制的概念出现最早,涵义最狭。美国的《会计词典》解释“内部牵制”为“控制会计事项的一种方法,其目的是使组织经营有效并防止舞弊,其主要特征是将组织上的责任进行分配,使没有单独的个人或部门对任何会计事项有单独的控制权,而需经由另一个或另一些人予以核对。”(参阅Eric L. Kohler《A Dictionary for Accountants》第5版,第265—266页)。可见,内部牵制的内容主要为保护企业的财产,其方法主要是把不相容的职务交由两个以上的人或部门来担任。内部牵制仅为内部会计控制的一部分。展开更多
文摘The aim of this study is to determine the opinion related to the audit quality of independent auditors in Turkey.For this purpose,a study was carried out on the auditors operating in the TRC 1 region and having an auditor certificate.Questionnaire method was used in the research.In the evaluation of the data,frequency,mean,and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistical methods.In addition,t-test and one-way ANOVA test were used to compare the data between independent groups.Research results show no significant difference between the opinions of the independent auditors according to various variables.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.72362023 and No.72062020)Social Science Foundation for Youth of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.23GL31)Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics“Class A”Discipline Innovation Team(Capital Market Financial Behavior Innovation Team).
文摘Against the background of China’s strengthening of finance and accounting supervision,this study examines the practice among listed companies of changing signing auditors at the last minute and explores whether Chinese investors can capture this information in a timely manner.We find that China’s capital market responds significantly negatively to these last-minute changes,implying that investors perceive a potential negative impact of this behavior.Crosssectional analyses suggest that the characteristics of the change event,recent corporate events,and accounting firm capability significantly affect the stock price response.Furthermore,in terms of the individual characteristics of signing auditors,external investors appear to comprehensively consider busyness level,industry experience,and the timing of the change to determine the causes and effects of the auditor change and make different market reactions accordingly.In addition,consistent with investor perceptions,we find that last-minute changes significantly impair the quality of financial statements,indicating that external investors’judgments based on information about changes in signing auditors are rational and effective.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 71662021 and 71462014)
文摘With reference to the Job Demands-Control Model,we empirically examine the effect of auditors' work stress on audit quality using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies and their signature auditors from 2009 to 2013.The results show that(1) there is generally no pervasive deterioration in audit quality resulting from auditors' work stress;(2) there is a significant negative association between work stress and audit quality in the initial audits of new clients;and(3) the perception of work stress depends on auditors' individual characteristics.Auditors from international audit firms and those in the role of partner respond more strongly to work stress than industry experts.Auditors tend to react more intensively when dealing with state-owned companies.We suggest that audit firms attach more importance to auditors' work stress and rationalize their allocation of audit resources to ensure high audit quality.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(Major Project 13&ZD146)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.JBK19072018153)for their support.
文摘Do supply chain audits have real effects?We focus on the effect of shared auditors in the supply chain on corporate cost stickiness.When a supplier shares auditors with its customers,the shared auditors provide informational advantages for suppliers’managers,thus revising their optimistic or pessimistic expectations and influencing suppliers’cost stickiness.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2017,we explore the relationship between shared auditors and suppliers’cost stickiness conditional on management expectations.The results show that shared auditors in the supply chain reduce suppliers’cost stickiness significantly when suppliers’managers hold optimistic expectations,and increase suppliers’cost stickiness in cases of pessimistic expectations.Furthermore,the greater the number of shared auditors,the stronger the effect.Such effects are more pronounced when supplier firms share auditors with important customers,have higher demand uncertainty,and use big 10 auditors.
基金the China National Natural Science Foundation "Internal Control of Listed Companies and Investors Protection" (Project No. 70972076)Humanities Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education "Internal Control, Overinvestmentand Financial Crisis" (Project No. 09YJA790199)+2 种基金The Key Research Institutions of Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Guangdong Province "Internal Control and Value Creation–An Empirical Study Based on China’s Capital Market"(Project No. 11JDXM79004)National Social Science Foundation Youth Project (Project No.10CGL041)Academic New Distinguished Scholar Prize 2011 for PhD candidates offered by the Ministry of Education (14000-3191033)
文摘When there is high information asymmetry between directors and managers,independent directors do not have enough information to perform their functions. Only when faced with a good internal information environment can such directors acquire enough information to provide advice and monitor managers,and only under these conditions can increasing their proportion on the board effectively reduce agency problems, such as driving managers to disclose information to investors. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms that voluntarily disclose their auditors' reports on internal controls from 2007 to 2009, this study explores how the information acquisition costs of independent directors affect their monitoring effectiveness by investigating the disclosure decisions of their internal control audits. We find that when the information asymmetry between insiders and outside directors is low and the proportion of independent directors on a board is high, a firm is more likely to voluntarily disclose its internal control audit report.
基金Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70940025) and the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Ministry of Education of China (No. 11YJC630270).
文摘Using propensity score matching (PSM) and the difference-in- difference (DID) approach, this paper explores the characteristics of listed Chinese firms that voluntarily disclose auditors' reports on internal control and the economic consequences. Using a sample of non-financial firms listed on the main boards of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange between 2006 and 2010, we find that firms are more likely to voluntarily disclose their auditors' reports on internal control if they have higher state ownership, lower managerial ownership, sanction records, audit committees, non-Big Four auditors as their auditors of annual financial reports, unqualified auditors' opinions on financial reports, less board independence, after controlling for firm size, liabilities, performance, and history. Moreover, as compared to a control group that exhibits similar characteristics, firms that voluntarily disclose auditors' reports on internal control are associated with positive earnings quality and negative cost of equity capital.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.71572197,71372150,71461001 and 71790603)Key projects of Planning leading Group Office of philosophy and Social Science of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region–China(Project No.15AGL001)+1 种基金General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region–China(Project No.YB2014346)Special Support Program of the National Accounting Leadership Project of the Ministry of Finance of China(2016)
文摘Unlike previous studies in which a single index was used to measure audit quality, this study establishes a new comprehensive index to measure audit quality via Discretionary Accrual, as estimated by Jones' basic model(1991) and Audit Opinions. The former is used to measure the quality of financial statements, and the latter is used to measure the auditors' independence in the mainstream international literature. We examine whether and how an auditor's gender affects the quality of his or her audits under the framework of empathy theory and gender role socialization theory. Using a large sample of 9861 auditor-firm-year observations from Chinese A-share–listed companies from 2011 to 2015, we find that the audit quality of signed auditors shows significant gender differences: these significant gender differences differ from the findings of previous studies that female auditors could provide a higherquality audit than male auditors; that is, in our study the audit quality of the male auditors exceeds that of the female auditors. After distinguishing the positive and negative directions of the Discretionary Accrual, we find no significant gender differences in audit quality between male and female auditors when the earnings had been adjusted upward by the client; that is, female and male auditors had the same audit risk perception. However, when the client adjusted earnings downward, which indicates a lower audit risk for theauditor, the audit quality of female auditors was significantly lower than that of the male auditors. After controlling for the age and position of the auditors,we also find that the gender differences in the auditors' audit quality decreased significantly or even disappeared when the auditor's age exceeded 45 years and/or their position was manager or above. These results are consistent with the empathy theory and gender role socialization theory.
基金funded by grants from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Lingnan University,Hang Seng Management College and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.UGC/IDS14/15)
文摘After issuing the 1998 Accounting Standards, Chinese regulators implemented additional regulations in 2001 governing write-downs of impaired assets and required assessment of recoverable amounts for four additional asset categories. As the recoverable value cannot be obtained objectively, management can discretionally assess the magnitude of write-downs to affect bottom-line profit. This study used 7258 firm-year observations in China from 1998 to2005 to examine whether the percentage of asset write-downs by statecontrolled firms differs from non-state-controlled firms, conditional upon more conservative financial reporting rules, and investigate whether local auditors support managerial decisions on asset write-downs. The empirical findings support the tendency of state-controlled ownerships to have lower asset write-downs. Local auditors also support managerial decisions on asset write-downs, especially when the companies are controlled by local governments.
文摘In the present scenario of rapid growth in cloud computing models,several companies and users started to share their data on cloud servers.However,when the model is not completely trusted,the data owners face several security-related problems,such as user privacy breaches,data disclosure,data corruption,and so on,during the process of data outsourcing.For addressing and handling the security-related issues on Cloud,several models were proposed.With that concern,this paper develops a Privacy-Preserved Data Security Approach(PP-DSA)to provide the data security and data integrity for the out-sourcing data in Cloud Environment.Privacy preservation is ensured in this work with the Efficient Authentication Technique(EAT)using the Group Signature method that is applied with Third-Party Auditor(TPA).The role of the auditor is to secure the data and guarantee shared data integrity.Additionally,the Cloud Service Provider(CSP)and Data User(DU)can also be the attackers that are to be handled with the EAT.Here,the major objective of the work is to enhance cloud security and thereby,increase Quality of Service(QoS).The results are evaluated based on the model effectiveness,security,and reliability and show that the proposed model provides better results than existing works.
基金The Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM)Research Grant Scheme FRGS/1/2020/ICT03/UKM/02/6 and GGPM-2020-028 funded this research.
文摘Many organizations apply cloud computing to store and effectively process data for various applications.The user uploads the data in the cloud has less security due to the unreliable verification process of data integrity.In this research,an enhanced Merkle hash tree method of effective authentication model is proposed in the multi-owner cloud to increase the security of the cloud data.Merkle Hash tree applies the leaf nodes with a hash tag and the non-leaf node contains the table of hash information of child to encrypt the large data.Merkle Hash tree provides the efficient mapping of data and easily identifies the changesmade in the data due to proper structure.The developed model supports privacy-preserving public auditing to provide a secure cloud storage system.The data owners upload the data in the cloud and edit the data using the private key.An enhanced Merkle hash tree method stores the data in the cloud server and splits it into batches.The data files requested by the data owner are audit by a third-party auditor and the multiowner authentication method is applied during the modification process to authenticate the user.The result shows that the proposed method reduces the encryption and decryption time for cloud data storage by 2–167 ms when compared to the existing Advanced Encryption Standard and Blowfish.
文摘This study aimed to assess and analyzed the influence of micro and macro fundamental, ownership structure, financial performance, and auditor’s opinion on the value of the company in State Owned Enterprises considering that 51% of shareholding is fully owned and controlled by the government so management has some rights in decision making. The interest of researchers in observing State Owned Enterprises on interest ownership interest in investors and potential investors compared to private companies that fluctuate in accordance with state economic conditions and government decisions that provide sentiment for stocks. Research population at 20 State Owned Enterprises listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research method used purposive sampling with 12 companies in 2010-2015. Data analysis techniques in this study used Partial Least Square consists of Inner model, Outers model, and Weight relation. The result of analysis of hypothesis test of research showing all test accepted with significant level 5% influence equal to 1.960 except macro fund influence 0.0031421 and not significant equal to 1.914374 so rejected (H5) and macro fundamentals have effect 0.040271 and not significant equal 1.674420 thus rejected (H7).
文摘This paper studies the impact of auditors'own quality on audit quality.Through the test of relevant models,it is necessary to find out whether the conclusions of predecessors have practical significance in improving the quality of auditing as time goes by and other relevant influencing factors of the market.The paper collects relevant data from multiple dimensions such as the age level of the auditors,the accumulation of audit experience,and the level of education by collecting the relevant data of the 2016 A-share listed companies and the top 100 CPA firms in 2014-2016.An empirical test was conducted.According to the results of the empirical test,the discussion and research will be carried out,and further opinions and suggestions on how to improve the quality of the auditor should be put forward.The innovation of the research is that the level of earnings management is used as a measure of audit quality,and non-recurring gains and losses are used as explanatory variables.On the basis of previous studies,time and environmental institutional variables were further introduced for further verification.
文摘Previous literature show that auditors and the public have different understandings and beliefs about the auditor’s responsibilities.The public’s expectation of statutory audit may exceed the responsibility required by the auditing standard,which leads to the audit expectation gap.Since the 1980s,there are more and more criticisms on statutory auditors especially after the appearance of some auditing fraud such as Enron case in the United States and Maxwell’s case in the United Kingdom.The misunderstanding from the public makes the auditor face more and more challenges.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the components of the gap,and discuss the main reasons based on the existing literature and cases.This paper makes a critical evaluation of the audit expectation gap from three parts:performance gap,standard gap,and reasonableness gap,respectively.
文摘The rapid development of non-audit services(NAS)has jeopardized the independence of auditors,which has led many Western countries to enact regulations that restrict the provision of NAS.While in China,NAS have just emerged,and its development in China is far less mature than in Western countries.The purpose of this paper is to explore whether NAS in China have damaged auditor independence and whether Chinese regulators need to emulate Western countries and strongly limit the provision of NAS.In order to achieve this objective,213 Chinese listed companies are selected in this study.The audit opinions issued by the auditors are used as substitute variables for auditor independence(dependent variables),and the ratio of non-audit service fees to the total of audit service fees and non-audit service fees as a substitute variable for the provision of NAS(independent variable),and meanwhile some suitable control variables are also selected.Analyse these data by building a binary logistic regression model.The results show that there is no evidence in China that NAS can undermine auditor independence and there is no need for China to enact regulations to prohibit the provision of NAS.
文摘内部牵制的概念出现最早,涵义最狭。美国的《会计词典》解释“内部牵制”为“控制会计事项的一种方法,其目的是使组织经营有效并防止舞弊,其主要特征是将组织上的责任进行分配,使没有单独的个人或部门对任何会计事项有单独的控制权,而需经由另一个或另一些人予以核对。”(参阅Eric L. Kohler《A Dictionary for Accountants》第5版,第265—266页)。可见,内部牵制的内容主要为保护企业的财产,其方法主要是把不相容的职务交由两个以上的人或部门来担任。内部牵制仅为内部会计控制的一部分。