Energy Stable Nodal DG Methods for Maxwell’s Equations of Mixed-Order Form in Nonlinear Optical Media

In this work,we develop energy stable numerical methods to simulate electromagnetic waves propagating in optical media where the media responses include the linear Lorentz dispersion,the instantaneous nonlinear cubic Kerr response,and the nonlinear delayed Raman molecular vibrational response.Unlike the first-order PDE-ODE governing equations considered previously in Bokil et al.(J Comput Phys 350:420–452,2017)and Lyu et al.(J Sci Comput 89:1–42,2021),a model of mixed-order form is adopted here that consists of the first-order PDE part for Maxwell’s equations coupled with the second-order ODE part(i.e.,the auxiliary differential equations)modeling the linear and nonlinear dispersion in the material.The main contribution is a new numerical strategy to treat the Kerr and Raman nonlinearities to achieve provable energy stability property within a second-order temporal discretization.A nodal discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method is further applied in space for efficiently handling nonlinear terms at the algebraic level,while preserving the energy stability and achieving high-order accuracy.Indeed with d_(E)as the number of the components of the electric field,only a d_(E)×d_(E)nonlinear algebraic system needs to be solved at each interpolation node,and more importantly,all these small nonlinear systems are completely decoupled over one time step,rendering very high parallel efficiency.We evaluate the proposed schemes by comparing them with the methods in Bokil et al.(2017)and Lyu et al.(2021)(implemented in nodal form)regarding the accuracy,computational efficiency,and energy stability,by a parallel scalability study,and also through the simulations of the soliton-like wave propagation in one dimension,as well as the spatial-soliton propagation and two-beam interactions modeled by the two-dimensional transverse electric(TE)mode of the equations.

The Magnetic Longitudinal (P-) Wave’s Propagation and Energy Models Underlying the Mechanisms of Its Capacity to Absorb Free Energy

The longitudinal wave term within Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) underwent recovery to ensure its suitability for theoretical derivation of the equation governing longitudinal electromagnetic (LEM) waves. The revised Maxwell’s equations include the crucial parameters being the attenuation time constants of magnetic vortex potential and electric vortex potential generated by external electromagnetic field within the propagation medium. Specific expressions for them are obtained through theoretical analysis. Subsequently, a model for propagating magnetic P-wave generated by the superposition of a left-handed photo and a right-handed photon in a vacuum is formulated based on reevaluated total current law and revised Faraday’s law, covering wave equations, energy equation, as well as propagation mode involving mutual induction and conversion between scalar magnetic field and vortex electric field. Furthermore, through theoretical derivations centered around magnetic P-wave, evidence was presented regarding its ability to absorb huge free energy through the entangled interaction between zero-point vacuum energy field and the torsion field produced by the vortex electric field.

Interface and energy band manipulation of Bi2O3-Bi2S3 electrode enabling advanced magnesium-ion storage

Rechargeable magnesium-ion(Mg-ion)batteries have attracted wide attention for energy storage.However,magnesium anode is still limited by the irreversible Mg plating/stripping procedure.Herein,a well-designed binary Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)S_(3)(BO-BS)heterostructure is fulfilled by virtue of the cooperative interface and energy band engineering targeted fast Mg-ion storage.The built-in electronic field resulting from the asymmetrical electron distribution at the interface of electron-rich S center at Bi_(2)S_(3) side and electron-poor O center at Bi_(2)O_(3) side effectively accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics in the Mg-ion battery system.Moreover,the as-designed heterogenous interface also benefits to maintaining the electrode integrity.With these advantages,the BO-BS electrode displays a remarkable capacity of 150.36 mAh g^(−1) at 0.67 A g^(-1) and a superior cycling stability.This investigation would offer novel insights into the rational design of functional heterogenous electrode materials targeted the fast reaction kinetics for energy storage systems.

Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part II-Analysis Based on Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron was represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It was shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy, and the time duration of emission is constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paper, a similar analysis is conducted with a chain of electrons oscillating sinusoidally and located above a conducting plane. In the thought experiment presented in this paper, the behavior of the energy radiated by the chain of oscillating electrons is studied in the frequency domain as a function of the length L of the chain. It is shown that when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the energy radiated within a single burst of duration of half a period of oscillation is constrained by the fact that electromagnetic energy consists of photons, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density emerges as a result. The derived inequality is given by where is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 5.38 × 10-10 J/m. The result obtained here is in better agreement with experimental data than the one obtained in Part I of this paper with time domain radiation.

Transitivity Analysis of the Energy in China’s New Era

At present,with the steady development of the global economy,more and more countries begin to pay attention to the impact of ecological environment on economic development and human society,so the ecological environment has become a global issue that cannot be ignored in today’s era.Therefore,from the perspective of the ecological philosophy of Diversity&Harmony as well as Interaction&Co-existence,this paper will conduct ecological discourse analysis on the Energy in China’s New Era based on the transitivity system of systemic-functional grammar,and use the Corpus analysis software UAM Corpus Tool 3.3x to label and make statistics on the transitivity system,aiming to explore the distribution characteristics of the transitivity system in this white paper.Through the transitivity analysis of the white paper,this study helps readers to have a deeper understanding of the positive significance contained in the white paper.To a certain extent,it enables readers at home and abroad to understand China’s stance on energy issues and the positive image of China in energy ecology.It also awaken readers’awareness of environmental protection and acquire good habits of resource conservation to be in harmony between human and nature for sustainable development.

基于S变换模能量分析的直流电缆故障测距

针对现有高压直流电缆故障定位方法故障定位精度低、定位模型泛化能力差等问题,文中在考虑电缆故障后故障点产生的暂态信号中含有丰富的故障信息的特征,提出一种时频域能量分析的故障测距方法。该方法利用多分类支持向量机(SVM)的特性构建直流电缆故障定位模型,利用直流电缆相模解耦矩阵对电缆电气量解耦,并采用S变换进行时频域变换,将得到的模量构造模能量,将其作为样本对SVM模型训练。实验结果表明,所提方法对于不同故障类型在不同过渡电阻及不同位置故障下均可进行准确测距。

A systems perspective on national prioritisation of sustainable development goals:Insights from Australia

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)requires effective national initiatives and resource allo-cation.Yet,the simultaneous attainment of all goals is hindered by constraints such as limited budgets and resources,varied national priorities,and the intricate nature of the goals.As we approach 2030 and beyond,an urgent need for an effective,data-driven prioritisation system exists to optimise what can be accomplished.A considerable knowledge gap persists in identifying the priority areas that demand concentrated attention and how their improvement would propel overall sustainability goals.To bridge this gap,our study presents a priori-tisation approach that identifies significant SDG indicators based on urgency and impact,utilising Benchmarking,Bivariate,and Network analysis.Furthermore,we introduce an innovative Impact Index(IMIN)to assess an indi-cator’s extensive effect on the SDG network.This system carries significant international relevance by establishing a robust framework to identify key,potent,and interconnected indicators.It supports decision-makers worldwide in comprehending their nation’s SDG performance and promotes efficient resource allocation.In the specific con-text of Australia,our analysis spotlights several impactful,yet underperforming SDG indicators.These include the protection of Freshwater,Terrestrial,and Mountain Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs),the share of renewable energy and energy intensity level of primary energy,targeted research and development,gender equality in national parliaments,and carbon-efficient manufacturing,amongst others.

Stochastic Programming for Hub Energy Management Considering Uncertainty Using Two-Point Estimate Method and Optimization Algorithm

To maximize energy profit with the participation of electricity,natural gas,and district heating networks in the day-ahead market,stochastic scheduling of energy hubs taking into account the uncertainty of photovoltaic and wind resources,has been carried out.This has been done using a new meta-heuristic algorithm,improved artificial rabbits optimization(IARO).In this study,the uncertainty of solar and wind energy sources is modeled using Hang’s two-point estimating method(TPEM).The IARO algorithm is applied to calculate the best capacity of hub energy equipment,such as solar and wind renewable energy sources,combined heat and power(CHP)systems,steamboilers,energy storage,and electric cars in the day-aheadmarket.The standard ARO algorithmis developed to mimic the foraging behavior of rabbits,and in this work,the algorithm’s effectiveness in avoiding premature convergence is improved by using the dystudynamic inertia weight technique.The proposed IARO-based scheduling framework’s performance is evaluated against that of traditional ARO,particle swarm optimization(PSO),and salp swarm algorithm(SSA).The findings show that,in comparison to previous approaches,the suggested meta-heuristic scheduling framework based on the IARO has increased energy profit in day-ahead electricity,gas,and heating markets by satisfying the operational and energy hub limitations.Additionally,the results show that TPEM approach dependability consideration decreased hub energy’s profit by 8.995%as compared to deterministic planning.

Australian Consumer Attitudes and Decision Making on Renewable Energy Technology and Its Impact on the Transformation of the Energy Sector

This paper critically examines research on consumer attitudes and behavior towards solar photovoltaic (PV) and renewable energy technology in Australia. The uptake of renewable energy technology by residential consumers in Australia in the past decade has transformed the electricity supply and demand paradigm. Thus, this paper reviews Australian research on consumer behavior, understanding and choices in order to identify gaps in knowledge. As the role of the consumer transforms, there is a critical need to understand the ways that consumers may respond to future energy policies to mitigate unforeseen negative social and economic consequence of programs designed to achieve positive environmental outcomes.

Tiêu Equation Experimentation of Understanding by Energy Transfer Quantum Mechanics

Background: The Tiêu equation has a ground roots approach to the process of Quantum Biology and goes deeper through the incorporation of Quantum Mechanics. The process can be measured in plant, animal, and human usage through a variety of experimental or testing forms. Animal studies were conducted for which, in the first day of the study all the animals consistently gained dramatic weight, even as a toxic substance was introduced as described in the introduction of the paper to harm animal subjects which induced weight loss through toxicity. Tests can be made by incorporating blood report results. Human patients were also observed to show improvement to their health as administration of the substance was introduced to the biological mechanism and plants were initially exposed to the substance to observe results. This is consistent with the Tiêu equation which provides that wave function is created as the introduction of the substance to the biological mechanism which supports Quantum Mechanics. The Tiêu equation demonstrates that Quantum Mechanics moves a particle by temperature producing energy thru the blood-brain barrier for example. Methods: The methods for the Tiêu equation incorporate animal studies to include the substance administered through laboratory standards using Good Laboratory Practices under Title 40 C.F.R. § 158. Human patients were treated with the substance by medical professionals who are experts in their field and have knowledge to the response of patients. Plant applications were acquired for observation and guidance of ongoing experiments of animals’ representative for the biologics mechanism. Results: The animal studies along with patient blood testing results have been an impressive line that has followed the Tiêu equation to consistently show improvement in the introduction of the innovation to biologic mechanisms. The mechanism responds to the substance by producing energy to the mechanism with efficient effect. For plant observations, plant organisms responded, and were seen as showing improvement thru visual observation.

Energy-Efficient Clustering Using Optimization with Locust Game Theory

Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are made up of several sensors located in a specific area and powered by a finite amount of energy to gather environmental data.WSNs use sensor nodes(SNs)to collect and transmit data.However,the power supplied by the sensor network is restricted.Thus,SNs must store energy as often as to extend the lifespan of the network.In the proposed study,effective clustering and longer network lifetimes are achieved using mul-ti-swarm optimization(MSO)and game theory based on locust search(LS-II).In this research,MSO is used to improve the optimum routing,while the LS-II approach is employed to specify the number of cluster heads(CHs)and select the best ones.After the CHs are identified,the other sensor components are allo-cated to the closest CHs to them.A game theory-based energy-efficient clustering approach is applied to WSNs.Here each SN is considered a player in the game.The SN can implement beneficial methods for itself depending on the length of the idle listening time in the active phase and then determine to choose whether or not to rest.The proposed multi-swarm with energy-efficient game theory on locust search(MSGE-LS)efficiently selects CHs,minimizes energy consumption,and improves the lifetime of networks.The findings of this study indicate that the proposed MSGE-LS is an effective method because its result proves that it increases the number of clusters,average energy consumption,lifespan extension,reduction in average packet loss,and end-to-end delay.

Previously Unknown Formulas for the Relativistic Kinetic Energy of an Electron in a Hydrogen Atom

Einstein’s energy-momentum relationship, which holds in an isolated system in free space, contains two formulas for relativistic kinetic energy. Einstein’s relationship is not applicable in a hydrogen atom, where potential energy is present. However, a relationship similar to that can be derived. That derived relationship also contains two formulas, for the relativistic kinetic energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom. Furthermore, it is possible to derive a third formula for the relativistic kinetic energy of an electron from that relationship. Next, the paper looks at the fact that the electron has a wave nature. Five more formulas can be derived based on considerations relating to the phase velocity and group velocity of the electron. This paper presents eight formulas for the relativistic kinetic energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom.

基于T-S模糊逻辑的混合储能孤岛直流微电网功率分配控制

在含混合储能的直流微电网中,传统阻容下垂控制无法解决由线路电阻和负荷功率波动导致的系统功率分配失衡问题。为此,提出一种基于Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模糊逻辑的自适应阻容下垂控制方法以实现混合储能的分频分配。根据蓄电池和超级电容的物理特性,建立单个蓄电池支路输出电压、蓄电池组间输出功率差额和阻性下垂系数之间的T-S模糊逻辑关系,以及单个超级电容支路输出功率及其变化率、超级电容组间功率差额和容性下垂系数之间的T-S模糊逻辑关系,并由此构建基于T-S模糊逻辑的阻容下垂控制器。推导含混合储能的直流微电网中各部分的平均阻抗模型,并采用阻抗比分析法对微电网的小信号稳定性进行研究。MATLAB/Simulink仿真结果表明,基于T-S模糊逻辑的阻容下垂控制可保证在线路电阻和负荷功率波动情况下系统功率的合理分配。

Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part I—Analysis Based on Time Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

In this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe is derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron is represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It is shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy and the time duration of emission are constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. The inequality derived is given by ρΛ ≤ 9.9×10-9J/m3 where ρΛ is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 0.538 × 10-9J/m. Since there is a direct relationship between the vacuum energy density and the Einstein’s cosmological constant, the inequality can be converted directly to that of the cosmological constant.

Energy-Efficient Routing Using Novel Optimization with Tabu Techniques for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)consists of a group of limited energy source sensors that are installed in a particular region to collect data from the environment.Designing the energy-efficient data collection methods in largescale wireless sensor networks is considered to be a difficult area in the research.Sensor node clustering is a popular approach for WSN.Moreover,the sensor nodes are grouped to form clusters in a cluster-based WSN environment.The battery performance of the sensor nodes is likewise constrained.As a result,the energy efficiency of WSNs is critical.In specific,the energy usage is influenced by the loads on the sensor node as well as it ranges from the Base Station(BS).Therefore,energy efficiency and load balancing are very essential in WSN.In the proposed method,a novel Grey Wolf Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with Tabu Search Techniques(GW-IPSO-TS)was used.The selection of Cluster Heads(CHs)and routing path of every CH from the base station is enhanced by the proposed method.It provides the best routing path and increases the lifetime and energy efficiency of the network.End-to-end delay and packet loss rate have also been improved.The proposed GW-IPSO-TS method enhances the evaluation of alive nodes,dead nodes,network survival index,convergence rate,and standard deviation of sensor nodes.Compared to the existing algorithms,the proposed method outperforms better and improves the lifetime of the network.

基于S-SSHI和SECE混合的压电阵列能量俘获电路设计

串联同步开关电感(Series Synchronous Switch Harvesting on Inductor,S-SSHI)电路输出功率高整流电压范围窄,而同步电荷提取(Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction,SECE)电路则输出功率低整流电压范围宽。提出了一种基于S-SSHI和SECE混合的压电阵列能量俘获接口电路,以实现整流器峰值输出功率和最佳整流电压范围之间的平衡。所提出的电路去除了整流桥结构,而采用简单的无源峰值检测器设计,且可以在任意相位差(0~2π)下从多个压电换能器中提取能量。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的电路具有较高的输出功率和较宽的整流电压范围,与多输入全桥整流器相比,最大输出功率提升了3.04倍。

H_(2)S、HCN、PH_(3)在FeO(100)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论研究了H_(2)S、HCN、PH_(3)在FeO(100)表面的吸附行为,其吸附位点主要考虑四个:Fe-top(铁顶位)、O-top(氧顶位)、Hollow(空位)、Bridge(桥位).结果表明H_(2)S吸附在O-top吸附位点的吸附能最小,为-1.02 eV,即在该位点的吸附体系最稳定.当HCN吸附在FeO(100)表面时,各吸附位点的稳定顺序为Hollow>Fe-top>Bridge>O-top.PH_(3)的最稳定的吸附位点与H_(2)S的一致,为O-top吸附位点,其吸附能为-1.11 eV.当H_(2)S吸附在O-top吸附位点时,H_(2)S与FeO(100)表面的电荷转移量最多,说明该吸附构型最稳定,而HCN吸附在FeO(100)表面,在Hollow吸附位点的电荷转移量最多,也即该吸附位点属于最稳定吸附位点.PH_(3)与FeO(100)表面之间的电荷转移量最多的吸附位点与H_(2)S的相同.当H_(2)S和PH_(3)吸附在O-top吸附位点时,吸附后的态密度曲线整体向低能级移动,峰值降低,其吸附结构变得更加稳定.而HCN吸附在Hollow位点时,吸附后的HCN态密度曲线向能量更低的区域移动,吸附体系变得更稳定.

一种S波段超宽带能量选择表面设计

设计了一种工作在S波段的能量选择表面,可实现超宽带自适应强电磁防护。该结构由两层金属周期结构组成,顶层为两个对称分布的金属条和一个金属片,金属条与金属片间加载两个PIN二极管;底层为十字架结构。当入射电磁波场强低于阈值时,能量选择表面工作在透波状态,电磁波可以传播;当入射电磁波场强超过阈值时,金属条和金属片之间产生的感应电压使得PIN二极管导通,此时能量选择表面进入防护状态,电磁波被屏蔽。通过对能量选择表面在PIN二极管导通和截止状态下的表面电流和电场分布以及等效电路模型进行分析,解释了该结构的工作原理。采用PCB制作工艺加工了实物样板并对弱场入射下的插入损耗以及强场入射下的防护效能进行测试。实验和仿真结果匹配性良好,表明该能量选择表面在透波状态下的工作中心频率为2.7 GHz,插入损耗小于1 dB的工作频带为2.2~3.5 GHz;在防护状态下,工作频带的防护效能大于10 dB,达到了超宽带的要求。

Renewable energy in Australia:a wider policy discourse

This paper assesses the evolution of generation technology-mix in Australia,with specific emphasis on understanding how such evolution has been shaped by wider political and socioeconomic influences.This assessment is predicated on the argument that the contemporary,quintessentially techno-economic,policy discourse on renewable energy is deficient,as it ignores climacteric political and socio-economic influences on generation technology-mix.The methodological framework employed in this paper is informed by the core tenets of technological change theory.The assessment suggests that generation technology-mix in Australia has historically been overwhelmingly influenced by the underlying technological paradigm of the electricity industry;and that this technological paradigm essentially draws its imprimatur from the wider political and socio-economic contexts.By implication,it suggests that a rapid uptake of renewables will have widespread ramifications,extending into political,socio-economic and cultural realms of a society.Clearly,existing policy discourse-that tends to focus on technical potentials,cost competitiveness,externalities and risks of various renewable technologies-is deficient.A much broader discourse is needed.This paper also made an attempt to develop a basis for such a discourse by reviewing broader aspects of the Australian society that would be affected by a rapid uptake of renewables.

A Comparison of Residential Energy Demand Behaviour in Britain and Australia

This research highlights an interesting finding comparing energy use in the residential sector in the United Kingdom and Australia. Energy consumed per capita is largely similar, however the energy available is manifestly different. Australia is blessed with a greater abundance of energy than the United Kingdom. Particularly, in the main area of study in Australia, Victoria state, Brown coal is easy and cheap to access. It is therefore politically more difficult to argue that the population affords more expensive sustainable energy resources even though Australia is one of the countries that can readily produce this type of energy. Britain, however, is a net importer of energy. A large proportion of this energy is natural gas which is a fossil fuel, and therefore contributes to the negative effects of climate change. The findings of this research focus on what motivates residential users of energy to use energy more sustainably. It presents the conclusions of previous research as a backdrop, and reveals the complexity of occupant behaviour. Key drivers are financial incentives and the role of large organisations such as governments in influ-encing behaviour. This may take significant time.