Background:Shared decision-making(SDM)implementation is a priority for Australian health systems,including general practices but it remains complex for specific groups like older rural Australians.We initiated a quali...Background:Shared decision-making(SDM)implementation is a priority for Australian health systems,including general practices but it remains complex for specific groups like older rural Australians.We initiated a qualitative study with older rural Australians to explore barriers to and facilitators of SDM in local general practices.Methods:We conducted a patient-oriented research,partnering with older rural Australians,families,and health service providers in research design.Participants who visited general practices were purposively sampled from five small rural towns in South Australia.A semi-structured interview guide was used for interviews and reflexive thematic coding was conducted.Results:Telephone interviews were held with 27 participants.Four themes were identified around older rural adults’involvement in SDM:(1)Understanding of"patient involvement";(2)Positive and negative outcomes;(3)Barriers to SDM;and(4)Facilitators to SDM.Understanding of patient involvement in SDM considerably varied among participants,with some reporting their involvement was contingent on the“opportunity to ask questions”and the“treatment choices”offered to them.Alongside the opportunity for involvement,barriers such as avoidance of cultural care and a lack of continuity of care are new findings.Challenges encountered in SDM implementation also included resource constraints and time limitations in general practices.Rural knowledge of general practitioners and technology integration in consultations were viewed as potential enablers..Conclusion:Adequate resources and well-defined guidelines about the process should accompany the implementation of SDM in rural general practices of South Australia.Innovative strategies by general practitioners promoting health literacy and culturally-tailored communication approaches could increase older rural Australians'involvement in general.展开更多
Aims: This article seeks to address some of the factors, particularly cultural barriers, contributing to inequity in healthcare service provisions for indigenous Australians. Furthermore, this article presents ways fo...Aims: This article seeks to address some of the factors, particularly cultural barriers, contributing to inequity in healthcare service provisions for indigenous Australians. Furthermore, this article presents ways for healthcare professionals to take action on culture-related health equity issues. Finally, this article addresses what nurses can do to support more operational interventions and enhance the quality of services for indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.Background: Recently, scholarly literature in Australia has focused on the issue of ensuring equitable access to healthcare for aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, who are regarded as economically, socially, politically and culturally disadvantaged(Larkins et al, 2016; Lowell, 2013).^(1,2)However, in spite of significant efforts on the part of the Australian government, scholars, policy makers and communities to provide fair and equitable healthcare, this challenging and longstanding issue remains unresolved and needs to be addressed immediately(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2015; Australian Bureau of Statistics(ABS), 2011).^(3,4)Data sources: Using the Population, Intervention and Outcome framework, several databases(PUBMED,MEDLINE, and SCOPUS) and government web-based literature resources were searched to identify original research articles published from 2000 to 2016.Discussion: Health inequity exists among aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, and the cultural barriers are vital factors in addressing aboriginals' health inequity. Healthcare professionals could be part of an effective solution for diminishing racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare. Different types of nurses could play different roles in addressing aboriginal cultural barriers among aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.Nurses are uniquely positioned to initiate and sustain contact with aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders in healthcare workplaces,as they can intervene at the points of greatest need in the community to address socially significant healthcare and social issues.Conclusions: The different roles of nurses in providing health and social care interventions to aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders could be utilized to increase equity in access to healthcare and help aboriginals attain better levels of health.展开更多
To explain the recent three-year La Niña event from 2020 to 2022,which has caused catastrophic weather events worldwide,Fasullo et al.(2023)demonstrated that the increase in biomass aerosol resulting from the 201...To explain the recent three-year La Niña event from 2020 to 2022,which has caused catastrophic weather events worldwide,Fasullo et al.(2023)demonstrated that the increase in biomass aerosol resulting from the 2019-20 Australian wildfire season could have triggered this multi-year La Niña.Here,we present compelling evidence from paleo-proxies,utilizing a substantial sample size of 26 volcanic eruptions in the Southern Hemisphere(SH),to support the hypothesis that ocean cooling in the SH can lead to a multi-year La Niña event.This research highlights the importance of focusing on the Southern Ocean,as current climate models struggle to accurately simulate the Pacific response driven by the Southern Ocean.展开更多
China's Ministry of Commerce announced the termination of anti-dumping and countervailing duties on imports of wine originating in Australia from March 29.This means that Australian wine is finally returning to th...China's Ministry of Commerce announced the termination of anti-dumping and countervailing duties on imports of wine originating in Australia from March 29.This means that Australian wine is finally returning to the Chinese market after three years of dormancy.In the past three years,the market has changed rapidly and China's local wine sector has also grown.What changes can we expect the return of Australian wine to bring to the market?展开更多
Heterodontonyx (Pompilidae: Pepsinae) is an understudied genus with Australasiandistribution and most species are endemic to Australia. There have recently been sometaxonomic changes involving the genera Heterodontony...Heterodontonyx (Pompilidae: Pepsinae) is an understudied genus with Australasiandistribution and most species are endemic to Australia. There have recently been sometaxonomic changes involving the genera Heterodontonyx and Cryptocheilus based on molecular and morphological evidence, however, phylogenetic relationships within Heterodontonyx, species delimitation and formal revision have not been conducted. Here, we construct a Maximum Likelihood phylogeny estimate of Heterodontonyx based on ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 region of 30 samples representing seven Heterodontonyx morphospecies. bPTP species delimitation approach was employed and ultimately the taxonomic revision of the genus was carried out. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support the monophyly of Heterodontonyx and the species delimitation method recognizes eight species among which one new species is identified.展开更多
In Australia,the Labor Party has been very active diplomatically since it came to power,making multiple positive gestures to repair the relations with China,which were seriously impacted under the previous Liberal-Nat...In Australia,the Labor Party has been very active diplomatically since it came to power,making multiple positive gestures to repair the relations with China,which were seriously impacted under the previous Liberal-National Coalition government.However,its policy toward China has not improved as much as some expected.On the contrary,the senior leadership in the Labor Party remains cautious in its stance on China and has repeatedly stressed that its position on China is the same as that of the Coalition.This article will analyze the trends and logic of the Australian Labor Party’s policy toward China by examining the party’s statements and measures during and after the 2022 federal election,to help better understand the trajectory of China-Australia relations.展开更多
Prof.Colin Mackerras expounded his understanding of Chinese path in the grand view of history.By analysing the cultural logic behind it,he shared his observation of contemporary China and Chinese modernisation.
When the Chinese-language The Poison of Polygamy was translated into English,some critics identified the work as picaresque.Skeptical of this conclusion,the author of this paper broadens the field of inquiry to sugges...When the Chinese-language The Poison of Polygamy was translated into English,some critics identified the work as picaresque.Skeptical of this conclusion,the author of this paper broadens the field of inquiry to suggest classification in an emigrant sensational genre.Briefly,the first two plots of the multi-strand work unfold the adventures of Chinese emigrants travelling by sea and land to Melbourne’s Gold Mountain.Interestingly,we are also afforded a glimpse of emigrant miners’cooperation regardless of race and colour when a mine disaster occurs.The work provides sharp recognition of migrants’dilemmas,such as marriage,before tackling the bigamy issue,the gender war,the fallen lifestyle of the female protagonist and so on.As the work unfolds,further shocking tales of murders and indulgence are revealed.Unlike the picareque’s episodic style,the translated Poison of Polygamy is coherent,realistic,serious and critical,and completely lacking in both sarcasm and playfulness.To investigate the appropriateness of assigning the work to the picaresque genre,the paper compares briefly with representative Spanish picaresque works such as Lazarillo and Gusman and English canonical Moll Flanders,watching carefully for commonalities.However,The Poison of Polygamy would seem to resonate more with Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret,a sensational fiction which shocked the English world in the 1860s.The contexts of both novels are close,mid-Victorian and Edwardian,where the latter is a continuation of the Victorians.The author is further enlightened by research results of literary translators who advocate that a text,once translated into a target language,becomes a canon of that culture and is cherished as such by its readers-as in the case of Shakespeare being revered as a German poet when read in translation.From this experiment the paper deems that cross-lingual comparative literature is not only possible but significant and resourceful.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to provide information for the breeding of wheat in China.[Method] 64 wheat cultivars from Australia were analyzed by SDS-PAGE to determine their high molecular weight(HMW) glutenin subunit c...[Objective] The aim was to provide information for the breeding of wheat in China.[Method] 64 wheat cultivars from Australia were analyzed by SDS-PAGE to determine their high molecular weight(HMW) glutenin subunit combinations.Then,the cultivars had good HMW-GS were screened.[Result] A total of nine alleles were identified at Glu-1.Glu-A1 encoded two subunits,1 and null subunit,and 1 was the major type,the frequency was 59.37%;Glu-B1 encoded five subunits,7,7+8,7+9,14+15,17+18,and 7+8 was the major type,the frequency was 56.2%;Glu-D1 encoded two subunits,2+12,5+10,and 2+12 was the major type,the frequency was 70.3%.Furthermore,12 subunit combinations were detected,and the composition of "1,2+12,7+8" was the major type.The quality scores of these cultivars ranged from 4 to 10,with an average of 7.4.[Conclusion] The quality of these varieties was good.展开更多
通过对澳大利亚学术期刊The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs的考察,发现中国文学研究在该刊占有很高的比例。从编辑和作者来看,澳大利亚汉学家中中国文学研究的学者占有显著地位,他们翻译、研究中国当代文学和当代中国社会。从...通过对澳大利亚学术期刊The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs的考察,发现中国文学研究在该刊占有很高的比例。从编辑和作者来看,澳大利亚汉学家中中国文学研究的学者占有显著地位,他们翻译、研究中国当代文学和当代中国社会。从研究内容来看,主要包括作家作品研究、文学流派研究、文学体裁研究和中国文学的海外传播研究。从创新程度来看,澳大利亚当代中国文学研究扩大了汉学概念所包含的范围,提升了中国当代文学在学术话语系统中的地位,扩大了中国当代文学在世界上的影响。展开更多
Improved immunosuppression regimens have led to better survival for patients with renal transplant grafts and patients with immunological renal diseases worldwide. However, this is not the case in the Northern Territo...Improved immunosuppression regimens have led to better survival for patients with renal transplant grafts and patients with immunological renal diseases worldwide. However, this is not the case in the Northern Territory of Australia. Available limited published data from the Northern Territory of Australia have shown poor outcomes for renal transplantation with survival for both patients and grafts around 50% at 5 years suggesting death with a functioning graft as the commonest cause of graft loss. These studies have shown that the leading cause of death is infections. Achieving the right level of immunosuppression to prevent rejection in renal transplantation and achieve remission in immunological renal diseases can be a major challenge in areas with high prevalence of infections such as the Northern Territory. We present 2 cases of the challenges from infections of immunosuppression in renal transplantation and immunological renal diseases in the Northern Territory of Australia. A 57 year old Aboriginal woman received a deceased donor renal transplant in 2006. She has been plagued by recurrence of several life threatening infections including urinary tract, cytomegalovirus, and severe cryptococcocus infections. This resulted in immunosuppression reduction and failure of the transplant 5 years post transplantation. A 20 year old Aboriginal woman presented with a combination of severe lupus nephritis and severe sepsis. She fully recovered after treatment with antibiotics and careful immunosuppression. However, she has had recurrent hospital admissions with life threatening infections resulting in stopping the immunosuppression. She then had severe lupus nephritis flare leading to dialysis dependence and will need a renal transplant. The cases illustrate the need for tailored and robust immunosuppression and transplant work up protocols. To that effect, prospective studies to analyse outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals, pharmacokinetic studies assessing whether the conventionally recommended drug levels are appropriate for this population and culturally appropriate educational programmes need to be performed.展开更多
第六届国际木材化学与制浆化学会议(6<sup>th</sup> International Symposium on Wo-od and pulping Chemistry,简称6<sup>th</sup> IS-WPC)于1991年4月29日至5月3日在澳大利亚墨尔本市举行,会议由澳大利亚和...第六届国际木材化学与制浆化学会议(6<sup>th</sup> International Symposium on Wo-od and pulping Chemistry,简称6<sup>th</sup> IS-WPC)于1991年4月29日至5月3日在澳大利亚墨尔本市举行,会议由澳大利亚和新西兰制浆造纸协会(Technical Association ofthe Australian and New Zealand pulpand paper Industry,简称APPITA)主办,并与第45届APPITA学术年会同时举行。协办单位有美国、加拿大、中国、日本、苏联和印度的制浆造纸协(学)会,欧洲制浆造纸联络委员会和澳大利亚皇家化学学院。展开更多
第30章澳大利亚经济理[1983—1991],生于南澳大利亚州博克敦,是一位受公众爱戴的政治家)第31章澳大利亚政治制度Australian Labour Party 澳大利亚工党(澳大利亚主要执行党之一,成立于1891年,由澳大利亚原各殖民区工党组织联合组成。该...第30章澳大利亚经济理[1983—1991],生于南澳大利亚州博克敦,是一位受公众爱戴的政治家)第31章澳大利亚政治制度Australian Labour Party 澳大利亚工党(澳大利亚主要执行党之一,成立于1891年,由澳大利亚原各殖民区工党组织联合组成。该党是澳大利亚最古老的政党,也是最大的党。)展开更多
bog standard:basic,unadomed,without accessories普通的,无装饰的例句:That is a bog standard car/telephone那是辆普通的汽车/一部普通的电话。bogged:stuck in mud,deep sand(车辆)陷于泥沼bonza:good,terrific太棒了bonzer:great...bog standard:basic,unadomed,without accessories普通的,无装饰的例句:That is a bog standard car/telephone那是辆普通的汽车/一部普通的电话。bogged:stuck in mud,deep sand(车辆)陷于泥沼bonza:good,terrific太棒了bonzer:great卓越的,极好的,一流的bonnet:hood of a car(汽车)引擎罩boofhead:stupid person or fool傻瓜boogie board:half sized surf board(also body board)展开更多
上午9点半,我们师生一行来到了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州的Scotch Oaknurn College,发现该校的校训是那么的简单,即"创造未来"(Creating the future)。值得借鉴的是,学校任何标识上都印有学校徽章。学校接待室里挂满了学生活动的照片,...上午9点半,我们师生一行来到了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州的Scotch Oaknurn College,发现该校的校训是那么的简单,即"创造未来"(Creating the future)。值得借鉴的是,学校任何标识上都印有学校徽章。学校接待室里挂满了学生活动的照片,还摆放着学生开展活动的相册,陈列柜里存放着学校所获荣誉的各种奖杯。接待我们的是一位名叫Welson的女教师。展开更多
The Australian farming sector is continuing to intensify, particularly within 300 km of the east and southern coastlines. In the future there will be fewer and larger farms, which will use more fertilizer, support mor...The Australian farming sector is continuing to intensify, particularly within 300 km of the east and southern coastlines. In the future there will be fewer and larger farms, which will use more fertilizer, support more stock, grow more monoculture crops, and utilise more marginal soils. This is likely to increase the major environmental impacts of soil degradation, salt, nutrient and sediment contamination of waterways, and greenhouse gas emissions. Australian national water policy continues to focus on land, stream and groundwater salinity issues, although there is now a greater recognition of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture. The general philosophy of policy for dealing with non- point source pollution has been towards a voluntary rather than regulatory approach, with state and national governments supporting a range of programs to encourage sustainable agricultural practices. A catchment (watershed) based approach, through the use of integrated catchment management plans, is the primary way that non-point source pollution is addressed at the farm and local level. At an industry level, cotton, grains, meat, sugarcane and dairy amongst others, as well as the Australian fertilizer industry, have responded to non-point source issues by investing in research and development, and developing codes of practice aimed at abating these environmental impacts. Understanding the economic, social, political and cultural contexts of farming as well as the environmental impacts of agriculture are very important in determining the appropriateness of policy responses for Australian farming systems.展开更多
By using a nine-level atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP 9L AGCM), two sets of numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the influence of the Mascar...By using a nine-level atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP 9L AGCM), two sets of numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the influence of the Mascarene high (MH) and Australian high (AH) over the southern subtropics upon the East Asian summer monsoon circulation and summer precipitation in East Asia. The use of ensemble statistics is adopted to reduce the simulation errors. The result shows that with the intensification of MH, the Somali low-level jet is significantly enhanced together with the summer monsoon circulation in the tropical Asia and western Pacific region. Furthermore, the anticyclonic anomaly in the tropical western Pacific to the east of the Philippines may induce a weak East-Asia-Pacific teleconnection pattern. In the meantime, geopotential height in the Tropics is enhanced while it is reduced over most regions of mid-high latitudes, thus the northwestern Pacific subtropical high at 500 hPa extends southwestward, resulting in more rainfall in southern China arid less rainfall in northern China. A similar anomaly pattern of the atmospheric circulation systems is found in the experiment of the intensification of AH. On the other hand, because the cross-equatorial currents associated with AH are much weaker than the Somali jet, the anomaly magnitude caused by the intensification of AH is generally weak, and the influence of AH on summer rainfall in China seems to be localized in southern China. Comparison between the two sets of experiments indicates that MH plays a crucial role in the interactions of general atmospheric circulation between the two hemispheres.展开更多
Background: The 2 most cited sports injury prevention research frameworks incorporate intervention development, yet little guidance is available in the sports science literature on how to undertake this complex proces...Background: The 2 most cited sports injury prevention research frameworks incorporate intervention development, yet little guidance is available in the sports science literature on how to undertake this complex process. This paper presents a generalizable process for developing implementable sports injury prevention interventions, including a case study applying the process to develop a lower limb injury prevention exercise training program(Footy First) for community Australian football.Methods: The intervention development process is underpinned by 2 complementary premises:(1) that evidence-based practice integrates the best available scientific evidence with practitioner expertise and end user values and(2) that research evidence alone is insufficient to develop implementable interventions.Results: The generalizable 6-step intervention development process involves(1) compiling research evidence, clinical experience, and knowledge of the implementation context;(2) consulting with experts;(3) engaging with end users;(4) testing the intervention;(5) using theory; and(6)obtaining feedback from early implementers. Following each step, intervention content and presentation should be revised to ensure that the final intervention includes evidence-informed content that is likely to be adopted, properly implemented, and sustained over time by the targeted intervention deliverers. For Footy First, this process involved establishing a multidisciplinary intervention development group, conducting 2targeted literature reviews, undertaking an online expert consensus process, conducting focus groups with program end users, testing the program multiple times in different contexts, and obtaining feedback from early implementers of the program.Conclusion: This systematic yet pragmatic and iterative intervention development process is potentially applicable to any injury prevention topic across all sports settings and levels. It will guide researchers wishing to undertake intervention development.展开更多
基金financed by the Flinders University College of Business,Government and Law Large Project Grant(Grant number:100031.21).
文摘Background:Shared decision-making(SDM)implementation is a priority for Australian health systems,including general practices but it remains complex for specific groups like older rural Australians.We initiated a qualitative study with older rural Australians to explore barriers to and facilitators of SDM in local general practices.Methods:We conducted a patient-oriented research,partnering with older rural Australians,families,and health service providers in research design.Participants who visited general practices were purposively sampled from five small rural towns in South Australia.A semi-structured interview guide was used for interviews and reflexive thematic coding was conducted.Results:Telephone interviews were held with 27 participants.Four themes were identified around older rural adults’involvement in SDM:(1)Understanding of"patient involvement";(2)Positive and negative outcomes;(3)Barriers to SDM;and(4)Facilitators to SDM.Understanding of patient involvement in SDM considerably varied among participants,with some reporting their involvement was contingent on the“opportunity to ask questions”and the“treatment choices”offered to them.Alongside the opportunity for involvement,barriers such as avoidance of cultural care and a lack of continuity of care are new findings.Challenges encountered in SDM implementation also included resource constraints and time limitations in general practices.Rural knowledge of general practitioners and technology integration in consultations were viewed as potential enablers..Conclusion:Adequate resources and well-defined guidelines about the process should accompany the implementation of SDM in rural general practices of South Australia.Innovative strategies by general practitioners promoting health literacy and culturally-tailored communication approaches could increase older rural Australians'involvement in general.
文摘Aims: This article seeks to address some of the factors, particularly cultural barriers, contributing to inequity in healthcare service provisions for indigenous Australians. Furthermore, this article presents ways for healthcare professionals to take action on culture-related health equity issues. Finally, this article addresses what nurses can do to support more operational interventions and enhance the quality of services for indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.Background: Recently, scholarly literature in Australia has focused on the issue of ensuring equitable access to healthcare for aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, who are regarded as economically, socially, politically and culturally disadvantaged(Larkins et al, 2016; Lowell, 2013).^(1,2)However, in spite of significant efforts on the part of the Australian government, scholars, policy makers and communities to provide fair and equitable healthcare, this challenging and longstanding issue remains unresolved and needs to be addressed immediately(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2015; Australian Bureau of Statistics(ABS), 2011).^(3,4)Data sources: Using the Population, Intervention and Outcome framework, several databases(PUBMED,MEDLINE, and SCOPUS) and government web-based literature resources were searched to identify original research articles published from 2000 to 2016.Discussion: Health inequity exists among aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, and the cultural barriers are vital factors in addressing aboriginals' health inequity. Healthcare professionals could be part of an effective solution for diminishing racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare. Different types of nurses could play different roles in addressing aboriginal cultural barriers among aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.Nurses are uniquely positioned to initiate and sustain contact with aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders in healthcare workplaces,as they can intervene at the points of greatest need in the community to address socially significant healthcare and social issues.Conclusions: The different roles of nurses in providing health and social care interventions to aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders could be utilized to increase equity in access to healthcare and help aboriginals attain better levels of health.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41975107,41875092 and 42005020).
文摘To explain the recent three-year La Niña event from 2020 to 2022,which has caused catastrophic weather events worldwide,Fasullo et al.(2023)demonstrated that the increase in biomass aerosol resulting from the 2019-20 Australian wildfire season could have triggered this multi-year La Niña.Here,we present compelling evidence from paleo-proxies,utilizing a substantial sample size of 26 volcanic eruptions in the Southern Hemisphere(SH),to support the hypothesis that ocean cooling in the SH can lead to a multi-year La Niña event.This research highlights the importance of focusing on the Southern Ocean,as current climate models struggle to accurately simulate the Pacific response driven by the Southern Ocean.
文摘China's Ministry of Commerce announced the termination of anti-dumping and countervailing duties on imports of wine originating in Australia from March 29.This means that Australian wine is finally returning to the Chinese market after three years of dormancy.In the past three years,the market has changed rapidly and China's local wine sector has also grown.What changes can we expect the return of Australian wine to bring to the market?
文摘Heterodontonyx (Pompilidae: Pepsinae) is an understudied genus with Australasiandistribution and most species are endemic to Australia. There have recently been sometaxonomic changes involving the genera Heterodontonyx and Cryptocheilus based on molecular and morphological evidence, however, phylogenetic relationships within Heterodontonyx, species delimitation and formal revision have not been conducted. Here, we construct a Maximum Likelihood phylogeny estimate of Heterodontonyx based on ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 region of 30 samples representing seven Heterodontonyx morphospecies. bPTP species delimitation approach was employed and ultimately the taxonomic revision of the genus was carried out. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support the monophyly of Heterodontonyx and the species delimitation method recognizes eight species among which one new species is identified.
文摘In Australia,the Labor Party has been very active diplomatically since it came to power,making multiple positive gestures to repair the relations with China,which were seriously impacted under the previous Liberal-National Coalition government.However,its policy toward China has not improved as much as some expected.On the contrary,the senior leadership in the Labor Party remains cautious in its stance on China and has repeatedly stressed that its position on China is the same as that of the Coalition.This article will analyze the trends and logic of the Australian Labor Party’s policy toward China by examining the party’s statements and measures during and after the 2022 federal election,to help better understand the trajectory of China-Australia relations.
文摘Prof.Colin Mackerras expounded his understanding of Chinese path in the grand view of history.By analysing the cultural logic behind it,he shared his observation of contemporary China and Chinese modernisation.
文摘When the Chinese-language The Poison of Polygamy was translated into English,some critics identified the work as picaresque.Skeptical of this conclusion,the author of this paper broadens the field of inquiry to suggest classification in an emigrant sensational genre.Briefly,the first two plots of the multi-strand work unfold the adventures of Chinese emigrants travelling by sea and land to Melbourne’s Gold Mountain.Interestingly,we are also afforded a glimpse of emigrant miners’cooperation regardless of race and colour when a mine disaster occurs.The work provides sharp recognition of migrants’dilemmas,such as marriage,before tackling the bigamy issue,the gender war,the fallen lifestyle of the female protagonist and so on.As the work unfolds,further shocking tales of murders and indulgence are revealed.Unlike the picareque’s episodic style,the translated Poison of Polygamy is coherent,realistic,serious and critical,and completely lacking in both sarcasm and playfulness.To investigate the appropriateness of assigning the work to the picaresque genre,the paper compares briefly with representative Spanish picaresque works such as Lazarillo and Gusman and English canonical Moll Flanders,watching carefully for commonalities.However,The Poison of Polygamy would seem to resonate more with Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret,a sensational fiction which shocked the English world in the 1860s.The contexts of both novels are close,mid-Victorian and Edwardian,where the latter is a continuation of the Victorians.The author is further enlightened by research results of literary translators who advocate that a text,once translated into a target language,becomes a canon of that culture and is cherished as such by its readers-as in the case of Shakespeare being revered as a German poet when read in translation.From this experiment the paper deems that cross-lingual comparative literature is not only possible but significant and resourceful.
基金Supported by National wheat industry,modern agriculture technolo-gy system (CARS-03)China Ministry of Science and Technologyunder Contract (2009CB118300)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to provide information for the breeding of wheat in China.[Method] 64 wheat cultivars from Australia were analyzed by SDS-PAGE to determine their high molecular weight(HMW) glutenin subunit combinations.Then,the cultivars had good HMW-GS were screened.[Result] A total of nine alleles were identified at Glu-1.Glu-A1 encoded two subunits,1 and null subunit,and 1 was the major type,the frequency was 59.37%;Glu-B1 encoded five subunits,7,7+8,7+9,14+15,17+18,and 7+8 was the major type,the frequency was 56.2%;Glu-D1 encoded two subunits,2+12,5+10,and 2+12 was the major type,the frequency was 70.3%.Furthermore,12 subunit combinations were detected,and the composition of "1,2+12,7+8" was the major type.The quality scores of these cultivars ranged from 4 to 10,with an average of 7.4.[Conclusion] The quality of these varieties was good.
文摘通过对澳大利亚学术期刊The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs的考察,发现中国文学研究在该刊占有很高的比例。从编辑和作者来看,澳大利亚汉学家中中国文学研究的学者占有显著地位,他们翻译、研究中国当代文学和当代中国社会。从研究内容来看,主要包括作家作品研究、文学流派研究、文学体裁研究和中国文学的海外传播研究。从创新程度来看,澳大利亚当代中国文学研究扩大了汉学概念所包含的范围,提升了中国当代文学在学术话语系统中的地位,扩大了中国当代文学在世界上的影响。
文摘Improved immunosuppression regimens have led to better survival for patients with renal transplant grafts and patients with immunological renal diseases worldwide. However, this is not the case in the Northern Territory of Australia. Available limited published data from the Northern Territory of Australia have shown poor outcomes for renal transplantation with survival for both patients and grafts around 50% at 5 years suggesting death with a functioning graft as the commonest cause of graft loss. These studies have shown that the leading cause of death is infections. Achieving the right level of immunosuppression to prevent rejection in renal transplantation and achieve remission in immunological renal diseases can be a major challenge in areas with high prevalence of infections such as the Northern Territory. We present 2 cases of the challenges from infections of immunosuppression in renal transplantation and immunological renal diseases in the Northern Territory of Australia. A 57 year old Aboriginal woman received a deceased donor renal transplant in 2006. She has been plagued by recurrence of several life threatening infections including urinary tract, cytomegalovirus, and severe cryptococcocus infections. This resulted in immunosuppression reduction and failure of the transplant 5 years post transplantation. A 20 year old Aboriginal woman presented with a combination of severe lupus nephritis and severe sepsis. She fully recovered after treatment with antibiotics and careful immunosuppression. However, she has had recurrent hospital admissions with life threatening infections resulting in stopping the immunosuppression. She then had severe lupus nephritis flare leading to dialysis dependence and will need a renal transplant. The cases illustrate the need for tailored and robust immunosuppression and transplant work up protocols. To that effect, prospective studies to analyse outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals, pharmacokinetic studies assessing whether the conventionally recommended drug levels are appropriate for this population and culturally appropriate educational programmes need to be performed.
文摘第六届国际木材化学与制浆化学会议(6<sup>th</sup> International Symposium on Wo-od and pulping Chemistry,简称6<sup>th</sup> IS-WPC)于1991年4月29日至5月3日在澳大利亚墨尔本市举行,会议由澳大利亚和新西兰制浆造纸协会(Technical Association ofthe Australian and New Zealand pulpand paper Industry,简称APPITA)主办,并与第45届APPITA学术年会同时举行。协办单位有美国、加拿大、中国、日本、苏联和印度的制浆造纸协(学)会,欧洲制浆造纸联络委员会和澳大利亚皇家化学学院。
文摘第30章澳大利亚经济理[1983—1991],生于南澳大利亚州博克敦,是一位受公众爱戴的政治家)第31章澳大利亚政治制度Australian Labour Party 澳大利亚工党(澳大利亚主要执行党之一,成立于1891年,由澳大利亚原各殖民区工党组织联合组成。该党是澳大利亚最古老的政党,也是最大的党。)
文摘bog standard:basic,unadomed,without accessories普通的,无装饰的例句:That is a bog standard car/telephone那是辆普通的汽车/一部普通的电话。bogged:stuck in mud,deep sand(车辆)陷于泥沼bonza:good,terrific太棒了bonzer:great卓越的,极好的,一流的bonnet:hood of a car(汽车)引擎罩boofhead:stupid person or fool傻瓜boogie board:half sized surf board(also body board)
文摘上午9点半,我们师生一行来到了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州的Scotch Oaknurn College,发现该校的校训是那么的简单,即"创造未来"(Creating the future)。值得借鉴的是,学校任何标识上都印有学校徽章。学校接待室里挂满了学生活动的照片,还摆放着学生开展活动的相册,陈列柜里存放着学校所获荣誉的各种奖杯。接待我们的是一位名叫Welson的女教师。
基金supported by the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED)
文摘The Australian farming sector is continuing to intensify, particularly within 300 km of the east and southern coastlines. In the future there will be fewer and larger farms, which will use more fertilizer, support more stock, grow more monoculture crops, and utilise more marginal soils. This is likely to increase the major environmental impacts of soil degradation, salt, nutrient and sediment contamination of waterways, and greenhouse gas emissions. Australian national water policy continues to focus on land, stream and groundwater salinity issues, although there is now a greater recognition of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture. The general philosophy of policy for dealing with non- point source pollution has been towards a voluntary rather than regulatory approach, with state and national governments supporting a range of programs to encourage sustainable agricultural practices. A catchment (watershed) based approach, through the use of integrated catchment management plans, is the primary way that non-point source pollution is addressed at the farm and local level. At an industry level, cotton, grains, meat, sugarcane and dairy amongst others, as well as the Australian fertilizer industry, have responded to non-point source issues by investing in research and development, and developing codes of practice aimed at abating these environmental impacts. Understanding the economic, social, political and cultural contexts of farming as well as the environmental impacts of agriculture are very important in determining the appropriateness of policy responses for Australian farming systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40233027,40075020 and 40221503
文摘By using a nine-level atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP 9L AGCM), two sets of numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the influence of the Mascarene high (MH) and Australian high (AH) over the southern subtropics upon the East Asian summer monsoon circulation and summer precipitation in East Asia. The use of ensemble statistics is adopted to reduce the simulation errors. The result shows that with the intensification of MH, the Somali low-level jet is significantly enhanced together with the summer monsoon circulation in the tropical Asia and western Pacific region. Furthermore, the anticyclonic anomaly in the tropical western Pacific to the east of the Philippines may induce a weak East-Asia-Pacific teleconnection pattern. In the meantime, geopotential height in the Tropics is enhanced while it is reduced over most regions of mid-high latitudes, thus the northwestern Pacific subtropical high at 500 hPa extends southwestward, resulting in more rainfall in southern China arid less rainfall in northern China. A similar anomaly pattern of the atmospheric circulation systems is found in the experiment of the intensification of AH. On the other hand, because the cross-equatorial currents associated with AH are much weaker than the Somali jet, the anomaly magnitude caused by the intensification of AH is generally weak, and the influence of AH on summer rainfall in China seems to be localized in southern China. Comparison between the two sets of experiments indicates that MH plays a crucial role in the interactions of general atmospheric circulation between the two hemispheres.
基金funded by an National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Partnership Project Grant (ID: 565907) which included additional support (both cash and in-kind) from the following project partner agencies: the Australian Football League Victorian Health Promotion Foundation+7 种基金 New South Wales Sporting Injuries Committee JLT Sport, a division of Jardine Lloyd Thompson Australia Pty Ltd. Sport and Recreation Victoria, Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure and Sports Medicine Australia- National and Victorian Branchessupported by an NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (APP1058737)supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (APP1048731)supported by a NHMRC Practitioner fellowship (APP1058493)Research Fellowships funded through the major NHMRC Partnership Project Grant
文摘Background: The 2 most cited sports injury prevention research frameworks incorporate intervention development, yet little guidance is available in the sports science literature on how to undertake this complex process. This paper presents a generalizable process for developing implementable sports injury prevention interventions, including a case study applying the process to develop a lower limb injury prevention exercise training program(Footy First) for community Australian football.Methods: The intervention development process is underpinned by 2 complementary premises:(1) that evidence-based practice integrates the best available scientific evidence with practitioner expertise and end user values and(2) that research evidence alone is insufficient to develop implementable interventions.Results: The generalizable 6-step intervention development process involves(1) compiling research evidence, clinical experience, and knowledge of the implementation context;(2) consulting with experts;(3) engaging with end users;(4) testing the intervention;(5) using theory; and(6)obtaining feedback from early implementers. Following each step, intervention content and presentation should be revised to ensure that the final intervention includes evidence-informed content that is likely to be adopted, properly implemented, and sustained over time by the targeted intervention deliverers. For Footy First, this process involved establishing a multidisciplinary intervention development group, conducting 2targeted literature reviews, undertaking an online expert consensus process, conducting focus groups with program end users, testing the program multiple times in different contexts, and obtaining feedback from early implementers of the program.Conclusion: This systematic yet pragmatic and iterative intervention development process is potentially applicable to any injury prevention topic across all sports settings and levels. It will guide researchers wishing to undertake intervention development.