【目的】探讨高功能孤独症(high function autism,HFA)和Asperger综合征(Asperger syndrom,AS)儿童在中央凝聚性方面的认知神经心理特征,为其治疗提供理论依据。【方法】应用视觉和言语语义记忆任务和木块图形测验分别对19例学龄前及学...【目的】探讨高功能孤独症(high function autism,HFA)和Asperger综合征(Asperger syndrom,AS)儿童在中央凝聚性方面的认知神经心理特征,为其治疗提供理论依据。【方法】应用视觉和言语语义记忆任务和木块图形测验分别对19例学龄前及学龄期HFA儿童、26例AS儿童和20例正常健康儿童(normal controls,NC)进行测试,为其治疗提供理论依据。【结果】在视觉模式或言语模式下,给予语义相关系列的刺激时,三组儿童组能回忆的正确图片或词语数目均比非相关系列刺激能回忆正确的图片或词语数目显著增多(P<0.05);各组儿童在视觉模式下能回忆的图片数目均比在言语模式下能回忆的词语数目显著增多(P<0.01);HFA组儿童在视觉模式相对言语的记忆优势比正常组更明显。HFA组木块图量表分明显低于正常儿童组(P<0.05),AS组量表分与正常儿童组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。【结论】学龄前及学龄期HFA和AS儿童的中央凝聚性薄弱并不明显,推测HFA和AS患者的中央凝聚性薄弱的认知特征可能会随着年龄的增长逐渐明显。展开更多
The evolution of a local fragmented model of services for children with autism in Hong Kong emerged gradually over the past three decades with lack of government funding or support. This had been due to increasing num...The evolution of a local fragmented model of services for children with autism in Hong Kong emerged gradually over the past three decades with lack of government funding or support. This had been due to increasing number of children with autism being detected and referred for earlier assessment. With increasing pressure from parents due to long waiting time for assessment and training services and the increasing polarization by mass media there had been a gradual increasing public awareness over the past five years. Though still highly fragmented in the availability of services, there is a growing "business model" available in the community due to increasing need and lack of public funding for support. There is a lack of strategic planning for medical diagnostic and management issues in Hong Kong. Our University of Hong Kong based Autism Research Program was pioneered in 1985 based on the increasing load of autism cases referred for assessment for other developmental problems and diagnosed as Autism in the Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital. As the first author has been the staff of the University of Hong Kong, this program flourished as a research based program. The benefits of early identification and intervention of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) had been increasingly recognized, and with the increased public awareness and increasing trend of earlier diagnosis, there has been a continuously high demand from parents for earlier assessment and training for children suspected to have ASD. This model had not received extra funding for this integrated program for research, teaching and training in autism. We had to apply for various donations and grants to support the development of this pioneer program. The research output and organization of forums for public education and awareness are reviewed. The latter part of the paper reports the summary of clinical profile of autism cases(N=1441) assessed from 1985 to 2010 June under the University of Hong Kong. As the waiting time for initial developmental assessment for any children in Hong Kong is 12?24 months, we also report our preliminary experience with a newly launched triaging service provision for children suspected to be ASD since 2009, including multi-disciplinary assessment and parallel interim training in our university affiliated child assessment centre in Hong(N=89).展开更多
阿斯伯格症(Asperger’s syndrome,AS)和高功能自闭症(High-functioning autism,HFA)是自闭症研究领域中较为特殊的一部分,虽然其划分界限尚存在争议,但都具有包括社会技能缺乏在内的自闭症核心特征。本文回顾了近年来国外以AS或HFA青...阿斯伯格症(Asperger’s syndrome,AS)和高功能自闭症(High-functioning autism,HFA)是自闭症研究领域中较为特殊的一部分,虽然其划分界限尚存在争议,但都具有包括社会技能缺乏在内的自闭症核心特征。本文回顾了近年来国外以AS或HFA青少年为对象的社会技能训练(social skills training,SST)项目文献,在总结针对自闭症患者的社会心理干预理想模式的基础上,将现有研究成果分为三类,即传统社会技能训练(Traditional socialskills training,TSST)、认知行为方向的社会技能训练(Social skills training with cognitive behavior-al orientation,SST-CB)和包含父母参与的社会技能训练(social skills training with additionalparents component,SST-PC)。文章还讨论了现有研究的局限性和未来的研究方向。展开更多
文摘目的关于阿斯伯格综合征(Asperger's syndrome,AS)和高功能孤独症(high functioning autism,HFA)之间的差异的争论已经持续了数十年,本研究拟采用静息态功能磁共振成像图论的方法来探索这两种疾病在脑功能上的差异。材料与方法使用美国孤独症脑成像交换数据库Ⅰ(Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange,ABIDEI)的影像数据,其中包括AS患者(n=55)和HFA患者(n=53)的静息态功能磁共振成像数据。对两组影像数据进行处理,并计算出两组的脑网络图论参数。使用两样本t检验比较两组间的脑网络图论参数,并进行事后检验(Bonferroni校正)。使用偏相关分析分别探索两组中有显著差异的图论指标与临床数据的相关性。结果AS组和HFA组在右颞上回的节点效率(P=0.016)、右额中回的节点聚类系数(P=0.044)等多个脑区的多个图论指标分别存在显著差异。这些脑区涉及社会、共情、语言和认知功能。此外,AS组患者在双侧脑岛的节点局部效率(nodal local efficiency,NLE)与孤独症诊断观察量表评分呈负相关(左脑岛:r=-0.366,P=0.033;右脑岛:r=-0.412,P=0.016)。结论本研究结果可能为不同类型孤独症谱系障碍的脑功能机制提供新的思路和见解,从而有助于揭示孤独症不同亚型诊断和治疗的特异性。
文摘【目的】探讨高功能孤独症(high function autism,HFA)和Asperger综合征(Asperger syndrom,AS)儿童在中央凝聚性方面的认知神经心理特征,为其治疗提供理论依据。【方法】应用视觉和言语语义记忆任务和木块图形测验分别对19例学龄前及学龄期HFA儿童、26例AS儿童和20例正常健康儿童(normal controls,NC)进行测试,为其治疗提供理论依据。【结果】在视觉模式或言语模式下,给予语义相关系列的刺激时,三组儿童组能回忆的正确图片或词语数目均比非相关系列刺激能回忆正确的图片或词语数目显著增多(P<0.05);各组儿童在视觉模式下能回忆的图片数目均比在言语模式下能回忆的词语数目显著增多(P<0.01);HFA组儿童在视觉模式相对言语的记忆优势比正常组更明显。HFA组木块图量表分明显低于正常儿童组(P<0.05),AS组量表分与正常儿童组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。【结论】学龄前及学龄期HFA和AS儿童的中央凝聚性薄弱并不明显,推测HFA和AS患者的中央凝聚性薄弱的认知特征可能会随着年龄的增长逐渐明显。
文摘The evolution of a local fragmented model of services for children with autism in Hong Kong emerged gradually over the past three decades with lack of government funding or support. This had been due to increasing number of children with autism being detected and referred for earlier assessment. With increasing pressure from parents due to long waiting time for assessment and training services and the increasing polarization by mass media there had been a gradual increasing public awareness over the past five years. Though still highly fragmented in the availability of services, there is a growing "business model" available in the community due to increasing need and lack of public funding for support. There is a lack of strategic planning for medical diagnostic and management issues in Hong Kong. Our University of Hong Kong based Autism Research Program was pioneered in 1985 based on the increasing load of autism cases referred for assessment for other developmental problems and diagnosed as Autism in the Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital. As the first author has been the staff of the University of Hong Kong, this program flourished as a research based program. The benefits of early identification and intervention of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) had been increasingly recognized, and with the increased public awareness and increasing trend of earlier diagnosis, there has been a continuously high demand from parents for earlier assessment and training for children suspected to have ASD. This model had not received extra funding for this integrated program for research, teaching and training in autism. We had to apply for various donations and grants to support the development of this pioneer program. The research output and organization of forums for public education and awareness are reviewed. The latter part of the paper reports the summary of clinical profile of autism cases(N=1441) assessed from 1985 to 2010 June under the University of Hong Kong. As the waiting time for initial developmental assessment for any children in Hong Kong is 12?24 months, we also report our preliminary experience with a newly launched triaging service provision for children suspected to be ASD since 2009, including multi-disciplinary assessment and parallel interim training in our university affiliated child assessment centre in Hong(N=89).
文摘阿斯伯格症(Asperger’s syndrome,AS)和高功能自闭症(High-functioning autism,HFA)是自闭症研究领域中较为特殊的一部分,虽然其划分界限尚存在争议,但都具有包括社会技能缺乏在内的自闭症核心特征。本文回顾了近年来国外以AS或HFA青少年为对象的社会技能训练(social skills training,SST)项目文献,在总结针对自闭症患者的社会心理干预理想模式的基础上,将现有研究成果分为三类,即传统社会技能训练(Traditional socialskills training,TSST)、认知行为方向的社会技能训练(Social skills training with cognitive behavior-al orientation,SST-CB)和包含父母参与的社会技能训练(social skills training with additionalparents component,SST-PC)。文章还讨论了现有研究的局限性和未来的研究方向。
