Clinical effect of botulinum toxin type A combined with autologous fat grafting in patients with nasolabial fold depression

BACKGROUND Nasolabial fold(NLF)depression can affect the facial appearance of patients to some extent and increase their psychological burdens.In recent years,autologous fat grafting(AFG)combined with botulinum toxin A(BTX-A)injection(AFG+BTX-A injection)has been gradually applied in the treatment of patients with NLF depression.Although studies have been conducted on the efficacy and safety of AFG+BTX-A injection in treating NLF depression,the experimental design,observational indicators,and sample enrollment criteria vary remarkably,making it difficult to draw convincing and consistent conclusions.Thus,further relevant research is warranted.AIM To assess the esthetic improvement,efficacy,and safety of AFG+BTX-A injections in patients with NLF depression.METHODS This study included 60 patients with NLF depression who were treated in our hospital from February 2019 to April 2021.These patients were categorized into control(n=30)and observation(n=30)groups.The observation group received AFG+BTX-A injection,whereas the control group underwent AFG only.All patients were evaluated using the wrinkle severity rating scale(WSRS)and global aesthetic improvement scale.The compactness of facial contours,skin evaluation indexes,adverse reactions,and satisfaction of the two groups were evaluated 3 months postoperatively.RESULTS The WSRS scores of the observation group at 1,3,and 6 months postoperatively were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Three months postoperatively,facial fine lines and pores showed obvious improvement and the skin index score was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The compactness of facial contours was better in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,no remarkable differences were noted in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions such as facial stiffness,facial asymmetry,facial bruising,and facial concavity inequality(P>0.05).CONCLUSION AFG+BTX-A injection is a highly safe,cost-effective,effective,and long-lasting treatment for NLF depression with high esthetic value,which should be promoted in the future.

Spoon-assisted autologous particulate bone graft harvesting technique

Particulate bone plays a crucial role in various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures,including reconstruction,implantation,and craniofacial surgery.Autologous bone and deproteinized bovine bone xenografts are the two primary resources used for such procedures,with the former demonstrating superior cost-effectiveness and reduced comorbidity rates,particularly in cases involving donor zones.However,a significant challenge lies in acquiring uniformly sized autologous particulate bone specimens,with existing tools often yielding coarse particles at a high cost.Consequently,commercial bone xenograft solutions are frequently favored despite lower standards.This technical note introduces a novel technique for swiftly,safely,and efficiently obtaining autologous particulate bone specimens.The procedure involves the use of a motor handpiece fitted with a micro drill and surgical spoon to collect the bone particles.The continuous irrigation with saline maintains a clear surgical field during the milling process.The collected bone particles are then transferred to a metal capsule for further use.This technique offers a promising solution to the challenge of inconsistent particle size associated with harvesting using traditional methods,providing surgeons with a reliable and efficient method of obtaining autologous particulate bone samples.

Negative pressure device-assisted autologous fat grafting: A case report

This report describes a novel technique for improving depressed scars using negative pressure suction-assisted autologous fat grafting.A 35-year-old woman presented with a 20-year history of bilateral central buttock con-cavities,causing aesthetic concerns.To maximize fat graft survival and enhance tissue volume,we implemented intermittent negative pressure suction on the recipient area for one month preoperatively.The patient expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome,and a three-month follow-up confirmed a significantly improved fat graft survival rate.This minimally invasive,cost-effective,and easily reproducible technique offers a promising clinical strategy for treating depressed scars.

Current practice in autologous rib and costal-cartilage harvest for rhinoplasty:A systematic review

Background:Autologous costal grafts are used universally in clinical practice for rhinoplasty and reconstruction.However,surgeons worldwide have not agreed on the details of graft harvesting,including rib selection,side preference,operation mode,cutting methods,and handling of the periosteum and perichondrium.This study aimed to provide an overview of the novel techniques used for auto-rib harvesting in rhinoplasty within the past 5 years and identify potential avenues for future research.Methods:We searched for related articles in PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science from 2019 to 2023,summa-rized crucial but controversial steps in recent practice,and analyzed their theoretical basis and clinical feasibility.Results:Auto-rib and cartilage open harvest is still mainstream in rhinoplasty and reconstruction,with the 5th to 8th ribs and cartilage being the most used.The laparoscopic harvest is gaining attention,being second only to the open harvest,with the 9th/10th ribs and cartilages being particularly convenient.The clinical applications of full-cut and split-cut methods differ in their advantages.Except for some special reasons,almost all studies tended to preserve the periosteum and perichondrium in situ,and few surgeons chose to harvest the grafts on the left side.Conclusion:Multiple techniques have emerged,requiring surgeons to balance the benefits and risks of various strategies at each step.New theories and techniques should be fully tested promptly and in clinical practice before wide application.Overall,a professional consensus is needed for better directivity,precision,and stability in clinical practice.

Autologous nerve graft repair of different degrees of sciatic nerve defect:stress and displacement at the anastomosis in a three-dimensional finite element simulation model

In the repair of peripheral nerve injury using autologous or synthetic nerve grafting, the mag- nitude of tensile forces at the anastomosis affects its response to physiological stress and the ultimate success of the treatment. One-dimensional stretching is commonly used to measure changes in tensile stress and strain; however, the accuracy of this simple method is limited. There- fore, in the present study, we established three-dimensional finite element models of sciatic nerve defects repaired by autologous nerve grafts. Using PRO E 5.0 finite element simulation software, we calculated the maximum stress and displacement of an anastomosis under a 5 N load in 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-mm long autologous nerve grafts. We found that maximum displacement increased with graft length, consistent with specimen force. These findings indicate that three-dimensional finite element simulation is a feasible method for analyzing stress and displacement at the anas- tomosis after autologous nerve grafting.

Autograft mediated adoptive immunotherapy of cancer in the context of autologous stem cell transplantation

The infused stem cell autograft in autologous stem cell transplantation(ASCT)has been viewed mainly as hematologic rescue from the myelosuppressive side effect of conditioning regimens.However,recent reports have shown that the immune effector cells collected at the same time as the stem cells can produce an autologous graft-versus-tumor effect,similar to the graft-versus-tumor effect seen in allogeneic stem cell transplantation without the detrimental effects of graftversus-host disease.In this article,we review the different immune effector cells collected and infused from the stem cell autograft and their association with clinical outcome post-ASCT,suggesting that ASCT can be viewed not only as a therapeutic maneuver to recover bone marrow function after deliver high-dose chemotherapy,but also as an adoptive immunotherapeutic intervention capable of eradicating residual tumor cells in patients with cancer.

Comparison of Fusion Rates between Autologous Iliac Bone Graft and Calcium Sulfate with Laminectomy Bone Chips in Multilevel Posterolateral Spine Fusion

Multilevel lumbar fusion usually requires a large quantity of iliac crest bone graft but the supply is usually insufficient, so an alternative bone graft substitute for autograft is needed. This prospective study investigated the efficacy of calcium sulfate by comparing the fusion rates between the experimental material (calcium sulfate pellets with bone chips from laminectomy) and autologous iliac bone graft in long segment (three-or four-level) lumbar and lumbosacral posterolateral fusion. Forty-five patients with degenerative scoliosis or spondylolisthesis received multilevel spine fusion and decompression. The experimental material of calcium sulfate pellets with decompression bone chips was placed on the experimental side and the iliac crest bone graft was placed on the control side. The fusion status was assessed radiographically at three-month intervals, and solid fusion was defined as a clear continuous intertransverse bony bridge at all levels. The average follow-up period was 34.4 months. Twenty-nine (64.4%) patients showed solid fusion on the experimental side and 39 (86.7%) patients on the control side. The overall fusion rate was 86.7%. A statistically significant relation was found between the two sides with the Kappa coefficient of agreement of 0.436. Compared to the control side, the fusion rate of experimental side is significantly reduced (p = 0.014). The fusion ability of autograft is higher than the experimental material in multilevel lumbar posterolateral fusion. However, the overall fusion rate of calcium sulfate pellets is improved, compared with previously reported rates, which suggested that such material may be considered as an acceptable bone graft extender.

Autologous Tendon Grafts Used in Upper Limb Surgery

Tendon autografts play an important role in upper limb reconstruction and a working knowledge of tendon autograft options is essential for the surgeon. Although palmaris longus is often the first choice, other options like plantaris, extensor Hallucis longus, flexor carpi radialis are readily available. Advantages of autografts include easy availability, satisfactory biomechanical properties and the human body tends to accept its own tendons than from a donor. This review highlights the various options available and their anatomical and surgical considerations in procuring grafts for upper limb reconstructive work.

Autologous scalp skin grafting to treat toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with a large skin injury:A case report

BACKGROUND Toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN)is often associated with skin wounds affecting large areas.Healing of this type of wound is difficult because of pressure,infection and other factors.It can increase the length of hospital stay and result in wound sepsis and even death.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old woman developed a skin lesion covering 80%of the total body surface area after using a kind of Chinese medicinal ointment on a burn wound on her back;she developed life-threatening wound sepsis and septic shock.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria were cultured from wound tissue,deep venous catheter and blood samples.Imipenem cilastatin sodium,tigecycline and teicoplanin were used for anti-infection therapy.Finally,the patient was transferred to the burn department because of severe wound sepsis.In the burn intensive care unit,pain-free dressing changes and autologous scalp skin grafting were performed to heal the wound in addition to reasonable and effective antibacterial treatment according to microbial susceptibility test results.After three operations within 2 wk,the wound healed and sepsis resolved.CONCLUSION TEN patients with large areas of skin injury may develop wound infection and life-threatening wound sepsis.Autologous scalp skin grafting may be beneficial for rapid wound healing and reducing the risk of sepsis in TEN patients,and it leaves no scar at the donor site.

Augmentation mammoplasty with autologous fat grafting

Considering the issues that can accompany prosthetic breast implants,augmentation mammoplasty(AM)with autologous fat grafting(AFG)has attracted growing interest globally,especially in the last two decades,as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma has been increasing in incidence over time.Here,we review the detailed processes of AFG to the breast and the pertinent complications associated with this procedure.This study aims to elucidate the critical points and technique improvements in AM with AFG in recent years,as well as discuss how to decrease complications related to this procedure.Attention was focused on the specific AFG steps,clinical outcomes,and complications to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the available protocols.

Autologous buccal mucosal graft for urethral reconstruction

Objective To search for a new method for urethra reconstruction using autologous buccal mucosal graft while lacking of local skin. Methods Since 1998, a total of 25 patients with complex hypospadias have been treated using buccal mucosal grafts for urethral reconstruction. The reconstructed urethra was anastomosed with the meatus half year later. Results All the reconstructed urethra survived without contracture or stricture except one infection, which healed with no adverse consequence. Conclusion The key points for operation success is rich capillary network, thick epidermis and thin lamina propria of the buccal mucosa. Buccal mucosa is an excellent tissue for urethral reconstruction. 5 refs,3 figs.

Histologic analysis and long-term effect of acellular dermal matrix combined with autologous thin split-thickness skin graft

Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effect and histologic result of ADM combined with autologous thin split-thickness skin graft.Methods 23 patients were treated with acellalar dermal matrix(ADM) combined with autoiogous

Autologous transplantation with fewer fibers repairs large peripheral nerve defects

Peripheral nerve injury is a serious disease and its repair is challenging. A cable-style autologous graft is the gold standard for repairing long peripheral nerve defects; however, ensuring that the minimum number of transplanted nerve attains maximum therapeutic effect remains poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of common peroneal nerve defect was established by resecting a 10-mm long right common peroneal nerve. Rats receiving transplantation of the common peroneal nerve in situ were designated as the in situ graft group. Ipsilateral sural nerves（10–30 mm long） were resected to establish the one sural nerve graft group, two sural nerves cable-style nerve graft group and three sural nerves cable-style nerve graft group. Each bundle of the peroneal nerve was 10 mm long. To reduce the barrier effect due to invasion by surrounding tissue and connective-tissue overgrowth between neural stumps, small gap sleeve suture was used in both proximal and distal terminals to allow repair of the injured common peroneal nerve. At three months postoperatively, recovery of nerve function and morphology was observed using osmium tetroxide staining and functional detection. The results showed that the number of regenerated nerve fibers, common peroneal nerve function index, motor nerve conduction velocity, recovery of myodynamia, and wet weight ratios of tibialis anterior muscle were not significantly different among the one sural nerve graft group, two sural nerves cable-style nerve graft group, and three sural nerves cable-style nerve graft group. These data suggest that the repair effect achieved using one sural nerve graft with a lower number of nerve fibers is the same as that achieved using the two sural nerves cable-style nerve graft and three sural nerves cable-style nerve graft. This indicates that according to the ‘multiple amplification＇ phenomenon, one small nerve graft can provide a good therapeutic effect for a large peripheral nerve defect.

Artificial dermis combined with skin grafting for the treatment of hand skin and soft tissue defects and exposure of bone and tendon

BACKGROUND The recovery time of hand wounds is long,which can easily result in chronic and refractory wounds,making the wounds unable to be properly repaired.The treatment cycle is long,the cost is high,and it is prone to recurrence and disability.Double layer artificial dermis combined with autologous skin transplantation has been used to repair hypertrophic scars,deep burn wounds,exposed bone and tendon wounds,and post tumor wounds.AIM To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of autologous skin graft transplantation in conjunction with double-layer artificial dermis in treating finger skin wounds that are chronically refractory and soft tissue defects that expose bone and tendon.METHODS Sixty-eight chronic refractory patients with finger skin and soft tissue defects accompanied by bone and tendon exposure who were admitted from July 2021 to June 2022 were included in this study.The observation group was treated with double layer artificial dermis combined with autologous skin graft transplantation(n=49),while the control group was treated with pedicle skin flap transplantation(n=17).The treatment status of the two groups of patients was compared,including the time between surgeries and hospital stay.The survival rate of skin grafts/flaps and postoperative wound infections were evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS)for scar scoring at 6 mo after surgery,as well as the sensory injury grading method and two-point resolution test to assess the recovery of skin sensation at 6 mo.The satisfaction of the two groups of patients was also compared.RESULTS Wound healing time in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group(P<0.05,27.92±3.25 d vs 19.68±6.91 d);there was no significant difference in the survival rate of skin grafts/flaps between the two patient groups(P>0.05,95.1±5.0 vs 96.3±5.6).The interval between two surgeries(20.0±4.3 d)and hospital stay(21.0±10.1 d)in the observation group were both significantly shorter than those in the control group(27.5±9.3 d)and(28.4±17.7 d),respectively(P<0.05).In comparison to postoperative infection(23.5%)and subcutaneous hematoma(11.8%)in the control group,these were considerably lower at(10.2%)and(6.1%)in the observation group.When comparing the two patient groups at six months post-surgery,the excellent and good rate of sensory recovery(91.8%)was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(76.5%)(P<0.05).There was also no statistically significant difference in two point resolution(P>0.05).The VSS score in the observation group(2.91±1.36)was significantly lower than that in the control group(5.96±1.51),and group satisfaction was significantly higher(P<0.05,90.1±6.3 vs 76.3±5.2).CONCLUSION The combination of artificial dermis and autologous skin grafting for the treatment of hand tendon exposure wounds has a satisfactory therapeutic effect.It is a safe,effective,and easy to operate treatment method,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Hypoxic pre-conditioned adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells embedded in fibrin conduits promote peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve graft model

Recent results emphasize the supportive effects of adipose-derived multipotent stem/progenitor cells(ADSPCs)in peripheral nerve recovery.Cultivation under hypoxia is considered to enhance the release of the regenerative potential of ADSPCs.This study aimed to examine whether peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat model of autologous sciatic nerve graft benefits from an additional custom-made fibrin conduit seeded with hypoxic pre-conditioned(2%oxygen for 72 hours)autologous ADSPCs(n=9).This treatment mode was compared with three others:fibrin conduit seeded with ADSPCs cultivated under normoxic conditions(n=9);non-cell-carrying conduit(n=9);and nerve autograft only(n=9).A 16-week follow-up included functional testing(sciatic functional index and static sciatic index)as well as postmortem muscle mass analyses and morphometric nerve evaluations(histology,g-ratio,axon density,and diameter).At 8 weeks,the hypoxic pre-conditioned group achieved significantly higher sciatic functional index/static sciatic index scores than the other three groups,indicating faster functional regeneration.Furthermore,histologic evaluation showed significantly increased axon outgrowth/branching,axon density,remyelination,and a reduced relative connective tissue area.Hypoxic pre-conditioned ADSPCs seeded in fibrin conduits are a promising adjunct to current nerve autografts.Further studies are needed to understand the underlying cellular mechanism and to investigate a potential application in clinical practice.

机器人辅助腹腔镜自体组织补片修复输尿管狭窄中国专家共识

近年来自体组织补片输尿管重建术成为上尿路重建的标准术式之一,并且在长段或多段输尿管狭窄重建中具有优势。为推动自体组织补片修复输尿管技术应用和围手术期准备、管理的规范化,本专家共识编写组于2024年1月组织国内专家就自体组织补片技术的关键热点问题进行讨论并达成专家共识,内容包括自体组织补片的适应证,补片组织来源的选择(口腔黏膜补片,阑尾组织补片),围手术期评估和准备,手术过程要点及术后随访建议等。

自体骨移植与骨替代物手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析系统评价自体骨移植和骨替代物治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法:计算机检索2005年1月至2022年8月PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方等数据库已发表的关于自体骨移植和骨替代物治疗胫骨平台骨折的病例对照研究文献。根据纳排标准进行文献筛选及数据提取,对入选的随机对照研究(randomized controlled trial,RCT)采用Cochrane手册中的干预性Meta分析标准进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3软件对两种方法的关节凹陷、关节面二次塌陷率、失血量、手术时间和感染率进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入7项RCT研究,424例患者,其中骨替代物组296例,自体骨移植组128例。两组手术时间[MD=-16.79,95%CI(-25.72,-7.85),P=0.0002],出血量[MD=-70.49,95%CI(-79.34,-61.65),P<0.00001]比较,差异有统计学意义。而关节凹陷[MD=-0.17,95%CI(-0.91,0.58),P=0.66],关节面二次塌陷率[RR=-0.74,95%CI(0.35,1.57),P=0.43],感染率[RR=1.21,95%CI(0.31,4.70),P=0.78]比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:骨替代物与自体骨移植治疗胫骨平台骨折在关节凹陷、关节面二次塌陷率和感染率方面疗效相近。但骨替代物较自体骨移植,能减少失血量,缩短手术时间。

自体表皮细胞悬液与网状自体刃厚皮移植联合治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床研究

目的探索自体表皮细胞悬液联合网状皮移植用于深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的治疗效果。方法将深Ⅱ度烧伤患者随机分为试验组和对照组,对照组接受刃厚网状皮移植(n=8),试验组以自体表皮细胞悬液联合刃厚网状皮移植进行治疗(n=8)。表皮细胞悬液取自患者自体健康皮肤组织,通过细胞分离器制备获得。统计两组创面愈合时间、治疗后1周的创面愈合率,以及术后8周的瘢痕评分(温哥华量表),并检测制备的细胞悬液中的表皮细胞浓度、活率。结果对照组愈合时间(12.1±0.6)d,试验组愈合时间(10.2±0.3)d;治疗后1周,对照组愈合率为76.97%±10.68%,试验组为94.85%±10.01%;术后8周,瘢痕温哥华评分对照组6.13±3.44,试验组2.92±1.07。各项指标试验组均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。制备细胞悬液的细胞数量为(1.77±0.11)×10^(6)个细胞/cm2皮肤标本,细胞活率为87.85%±4%。结论本研究初步证实了自体表皮细胞悬液联合网状皮移植用于深Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗,可促进植皮愈合时间,减少供区面积,并可改善术后的瘢痕增生。

自体骨移植联合生龙接骨方剂修复兔骨缺损实验研究

目的观察自体骨移植联合生龙接骨方剂对新西兰兔骨缺损模型修复效果的影响。方法选取54只SPF级6月龄雄性新西兰兔作为研究对象,随机分为单纯自体骨移植组(A组)、单纯生龙接骨方剂组(B组)、生龙接骨方剂联合自体骨移植组(C组),每组18只。各组均采用单侧桡骨中段临界尺寸法构建骨缺损模型,A、C组均予以自体骨移植,B、C组均灌胃生龙接骨方剂20 mg/(kg·d),A组灌胃等量生理盐水,持续干预1个月。于术后第1、2、3个月后分别分批处死实验兔,每组每次6只,收集桡骨组织,观察其损伤情况,采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色、Masson染色检测桡骨愈合情况,经Micro-CT扫描测定各组实验兔骨组织体积(BV)、骨小梁数(Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁间距(Th.Sp)和骨密度(BMD)。结果术后各组大体观察到缺损断端骨痂形成至骨皮质连接的骨愈合过程,HE染色显示1~3个月各组炎性细胞浸润减少,C组较其他两组有较好的成骨作用。Masson染色结果显示,C组颜色对比鲜明,结构清晰,可以清晰地区分成熟骨质与新生骨质。Micro-CT检测结果显示,三组术后第2、3个月的BV、Tb.N、Tb.Th、BMD均高于本组术后1个月,B、C组术后3个月的BV、Tb.N、Tb.Th、BMD均高于本组术后2个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后第1、2、3个月,B、C组BV、Tb.N高于A组,C组BMD高于A组,BV、Tb.N、BMD高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后第1、2、3个月,三组Tb.Th、Tb.Sp比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论自体骨移植联合生龙接骨方剂修复骨缺损效果明显,可提高新西兰兔成骨能力。

自体软组织替代材料治疗天然牙牙龈退缩的Meta分析

目的:从临床指标方面系统评价并比较自体软组织替代材料与结缔组织移植物联合冠向复位瓣技术治疗天然牙牙龈退缩的疗效。方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、维普、万方、知网等数据库中关于自体软组织替代材料或结缔组织移植物(CTG)治疗牙龈退缩的随机对照试验,检索时限从2013年1月至2023年12月。结果:最终纳入14个随机对照研究,1117个牙龈退缩位点。Meta分析显示,术后6个月时,CTG与异种胶原基质(XCM)比较能更好地降低牙龈退缩深度,与富血小板纤维蛋白(PRF)、脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)比较无明显区别;CTG与PRF、ADM、XCM比较角化龈宽度增量更明显;根面覆盖率指标差异无统计学意义;PRF、XCM可以明显降低患者术后的疼痛感。结论:研究表明,自体软组织替代材料与CTG相比,对于治疗牙龈退缩的效果并没有显著差异,但是前者可以降低患者术后疼痛感。