Design an Automatic Door System using a unique wireless ID by using infrared ray or Bluetooth technology. That consists of a sensing unit, control unit and drive unit to open and close doors at the entrance of a car t...Design an Automatic Door System using a unique wireless ID by using infrared ray or Bluetooth technology. That consists of a sensing unit, control unit and drive unit to open and close doors at the entrance of a car that has the unique ID. This process is controlled by using Arduino Leonard programmed with IDE free open source software, that receives the signal code from the car which sends the ID through IR LED or Bluetooth by using a mobile application, decode it. And switch ON the driver that controls the DC motor. This system was designed considering some factors such as low cost and low power requirements, availability of components and low distance so there is no interference. The hardware design and software development are described, and all of the tests indicate that all component goes according to the initial design of this research.展开更多
Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions a...Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions are being sought to transfer a large part of passengers and especially freight transport to(high-speed)rail,and efforts are moving towards electromobility,car-sharing,5G-connectivity,autonomous driving,MaaS(Mobility as a Service)-coordinated transport or hyperloop-type solutions.However,all these solutions have additional challenges and limitations.Solutions are not being searched where they really exist-in the mutual adaptation of road and rail vehicles and their deep cooperation.The ComplexTrans project shows that simply adapting the dimensions and functions of road and rail vehicles can eliminate(or at least significantly reduce)all the problems of existing land transport.The main features of the ComplexTrans system are sufficient parking spaces,reduction of urban and non-urban congestion,electric vehicles with unlimited range and cheaper than standard cars,cheaper and more accessible battery charging,“autonomous ride”,solving the overlap between passenger and freight rail transport and making it self-financing,transferring intercity freight transport to rail,replacing part of continental air transport and many others.The cost-effective and clustered individual transport and individualised public transport of the ComplexTrans system also bring very significant reductions in the risk of transmission of covid-19 and other contagious diseases during transport.展开更多
The paper presents a method of calculating the full load engine characteristics based on the Leiderman–Khlystov relation. Because the values of the coefficients of the discussed function available in literature were ...The paper presents a method of calculating the full load engine characteristics based on the Leiderman–Khlystov relation. Because the values of the coefficients of the discussed function available in literature were determined for obsolete engine designs, an attempt was made to update them. To this end, a chassis dynamometer was used where a database of results had been built for a variety of vehicles. Following the data collection, the coefficients for variety of fueling system(six groups: fuel injected gasoline and turbocharged gasoline, spark ignition LPG Ⅰ–Ⅱ and Ⅳ generation, naturally aspirated diesel and turbocharged diesel) were determined. The identification of the coefficients was carried out in Matlab-Simulink indicating the applicability of the said function for most of the engines, yet the recent popularity of turbocharged gasoline engines requires an additional analysis of the possibility of use of a different functional description. The full load engine characteristics is a basis for the vehicle performance characteristics and, further, for modeling of traffic in a variety of aspects of the vehicle operation.展开更多
文摘Design an Automatic Door System using a unique wireless ID by using infrared ray or Bluetooth technology. That consists of a sensing unit, control unit and drive unit to open and close doors at the entrance of a car that has the unique ID. This process is controlled by using Arduino Leonard programmed with IDE free open source software, that receives the signal code from the car which sends the ID through IR LED or Bluetooth by using a mobile application, decode it. And switch ON the driver that controls the DC motor. This system was designed considering some factors such as low cost and low power requirements, availability of components and low distance so there is no interference. The hardware design and software development are described, and all of the tests indicate that all component goes according to the initial design of this research.
基金This research is partly supported by project SGS-2019-001The 3-D visualisations were prepared by students of University of West Bohemia or by professional designers.
文摘Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions are being sought to transfer a large part of passengers and especially freight transport to(high-speed)rail,and efforts are moving towards electromobility,car-sharing,5G-connectivity,autonomous driving,MaaS(Mobility as a Service)-coordinated transport or hyperloop-type solutions.However,all these solutions have additional challenges and limitations.Solutions are not being searched where they really exist-in the mutual adaptation of road and rail vehicles and their deep cooperation.The ComplexTrans project shows that simply adapting the dimensions and functions of road and rail vehicles can eliminate(or at least significantly reduce)all the problems of existing land transport.The main features of the ComplexTrans system are sufficient parking spaces,reduction of urban and non-urban congestion,electric vehicles with unlimited range and cheaper than standard cars,cheaper and more accessible battery charging,“autonomous ride”,solving the overlap between passenger and freight rail transport and making it self-financing,transferring intercity freight transport to rail,replacing part of continental air transport and many others.The cost-effective and clustered individual transport and individualised public transport of the ComplexTrans system also bring very significant reductions in the risk of transmission of covid-19 and other contagious diseases during transport.
基金carried out within work no.S/WM/1/2018 realized at Bialystok University of Technologyfinanced from the funding allocated fo science by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education—Poland
文摘The paper presents a method of calculating the full load engine characteristics based on the Leiderman–Khlystov relation. Because the values of the coefficients of the discussed function available in literature were determined for obsolete engine designs, an attempt was made to update them. To this end, a chassis dynamometer was used where a database of results had been built for a variety of vehicles. Following the data collection, the coefficients for variety of fueling system(six groups: fuel injected gasoline and turbocharged gasoline, spark ignition LPG Ⅰ–Ⅱ and Ⅳ generation, naturally aspirated diesel and turbocharged diesel) were determined. The identification of the coefficients was carried out in Matlab-Simulink indicating the applicability of the said function for most of the engines, yet the recent popularity of turbocharged gasoline engines requires an additional analysis of the possibility of use of a different functional description. The full load engine characteristics is a basis for the vehicle performance characteristics and, further, for modeling of traffic in a variety of aspects of the vehicle operation.
