A Novel 4/5 Prescaler with Automatic Power Down

An ＂automatic power down＂ method is introduced to design a 4/5 prescaler,with the characteristic of making one of its D-flip-flops power down when it operates in divide-by-4 mode. Implemented with the TSMC 0.25vm mixed-sig- nal CMOS process,the 4/5 MOS current mode logic prescaler is designed with this automatic power down technique. The simulation results show that the new 4/5 prescaler is immune to the ＂wake-up＂ issue and thereby retains the same maxi- mum operating frequency as the conventional prescaler. An integer-N divider with this proposed prescaler and with the di- vision ratio 66/67 is manufactured,and it is estimated to save more than 20% of the power compared with the conventional 4/5 prescaler.

Descriptive IoT Based Design and Implementation of a 3-Input Automatic Transfer Switch with Data Logging Features

Electricity is crucial for critical sectors such as banking, healthcare, education, and business. However, in developing nations like Cameroon, persistent power fluctuations and outages present significant challenges, leading to communication disruptions, food spoilage, water supply interruptions, and financial losses. This study proposes a novel solution: a three-input automatic transfer switch integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) and data logging capabilities. The system automatically switches between three independent power sources based on priority and availability, employing electromechanical contactors, relays, and timers for seamless switching. It incorporates ATMEGA328P microcontrollers, a GSM module for communication, and an SD card module for efficient data logging. Safety measures, such as miniature circuit breakers, voltage monitoring relays, and proper grounding, ensure user protection and system integrity. A user-friendly mobile application enables remote manual switching and real-time system information requests, while SMS notifications inform consumers about power source changes. The system has a power rating of 4.752 kW, accommodating a maximum continuous load of the same value. Voltage dividers provide a reliable 3.37 VDC output from a 12 VDC input, and data logging operates effectively by storing system data onto an SD card every 1.5 seconds. Comprehensive testing validates the system’s performance, with an average percentage error of 2.31% compared to actual values, falling within an acceptable range. This solution distinguishes itself by incorporating modern technologies like data logging and IoT, addressing the limitations of existing alternatives.

Automatic Modeling of Fault Tree for NuIEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Clear Power Safety I&C Configuration

The automatic modeling of fault tree for nuclear power safety I&C configuration is designed to meet the requirements of reducing the workload and improving the traceability during the nuclear power safety I&C system reliability assessment work. To complete the fault tree automatic modeling, the Visio Automation software technology is used to analyze the topology of the nuclear power safety I&C system hardware device and software function. The good result in practical implementations shows that the nuclear power safety I&C system fault tree modeling work is successfully simplified.

An Automatic Synchronization Method for Distributed Power Electronics System

Currently, the high-speed serial fiber-optic ring net communication is a main method for performing the distributed control network topology and control mode. Because of a network transmission delay inherent in the topology, synchronization between nodes has become a critical issue which needs to be studied. The existing synchronization methods largely depend on the complex communication protocol. Therefore, this paper has proposed a method of automatic measurement and compensation of synchronization delay, and analyzed its operating principle and implementation procedure in detail. The results obtained from the experiments prove the proposed method to be correct, effective and practicable.

A 155 Mbps laser diode driver with automatic power and extinction ratio control

An integrated laser diode driver(LDD) driving an edge-emitting laser diode was designed and fabricated by 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. This paper proposes a scheme which combines the automatic power control loop and temperature com-pensation for modulation current in order to maintain constant extinction ratio and average optical power. To implement tem-perature compensation for modulation current,a novel circuit which generates a PTAT current by using the injecting base current of a bipolar transistor in saturation region,and alternates the amplifier feedback loop(closed or not) to control the state of the current path is presented. Simulation results showed that programmed by choice of external resistors,the IC can provide modu-lation current from 5 mA to 85 mA with temperature compensation adjustments and independent bias current from 4 mA to 100 mA. Optical test results showed that clear eye-diagrams can be obtained at 155 Mbps,with the output optical power being nearly constant,and the variation of extinction ratio being lower than 0.7 dB.

Automatic lifting system design and application of large load powered support test rig

This paper presented a design of an automatic lifting system. It is used for large load powered support and improves the old method wherein powered support lifting depends on manual control. This system applies a high accuracy gear shunt motor to match the flow for 4 lifting cylinders, and also allocates bypass throttles to realize automatic lifting. Through the dis- placement sensor feedback the height deviation among 4 lifting cylinders during the whole lifting process, when the deviation is up to the sitting value, the corresponding bypass throttle is operated immediately to reduce the deviation, so that the moving platform of the powered support would not be stuck. Through real application, it is shown that this system can realize automatic lifting of powered support; the lifting speed is controlled between 5 and 10 mm/s, and the final aligning accuracy is up to 1 mm.

The Application of Principle of Automatic Control in the site Management of Electric Power Construction Enterprise

It is need to establish site project department during the construction of electric power project.The head office should design and build the main structure,continually improve structure of project department,meantime,positively apply principle of automatic control to improve the site management of electric power construction.In this article,the application strategy of principle of automatic control is analyzed focusing on the site work of electric power construction.

Automatic Generation Control in a Distributed Power Grid Based on Multi-step Reinforcement Learning

The increasing use of renewable energy in the power system results in strong stochastic disturbances and degrades the control performance of the distributed power grids.In this paper,a novel multi-agent collaborative reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed with automatic optimization,namely,Dyna-DQL,to quickly achieve an optimal coordination solution for the multi-area distributed power grids.The proposed Dyna framework is combined with double Q-learning to collect and store the environmental samples.This can iteratively update the agents through buffer replay and real-time data.Thus the environmental data can be fully used to enhance the learning speed of the agents.This mitigates the negative impact of heavy stochastic disturbances caused by the integration of renewable energy on the control performance.Simulations are conducted on two different models to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.The results demonstrate that the proposed Dyna-DQL algorithm exhibits superior stability and robustness compared to other reinforcement learning algorithms.

Hybrid Loader Automatic Shift Strategy Based on Neural Network

Hybrid loader 's comprehensive performance mainly depends on the performance of hydraulic torque converter during its driving and working. Hybrid loader and hydraulic torque converter are taken for the research objects. The primary characteristic curve of hydraulic torque converter and the traction curve of hybrid loader are acquired by analyzing the characteristic parameters of hydraulic torque converter, the characteristic parameters of engine, the characteristic parameters of battery pack and geometric parameters of hybrid loader. The gear shift curves based on the best energy saving performance and the best power performance are acquired respectively with the opening of throttle,the speed of pump wheel and the speed of turbine as parameters. Then the two curves are combined to get the comprehensive gear shift curve. Radical basis function( RBF) neural network is applied to building the gear shift strategy to keep hybrid loader with the best power performance and energy saving performance. The experimental bench is set up for experimental verification. It proves that both of the power performance and energy saving performance of hybrid loader are improved effectively by using the automatic shift strategy.

小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制方法仿真

为了降低发电机谐波含有率,提出一种小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制方法。通过多元经验模态分解(MEMD)预处理三相电流,对预处理的小功率柴油发电机电流信号展开多变量多尺度模糊熵(MMFE)变换处理,得到MEMD-MMFE熵值面积。根据熵值面积辨识谐波励磁涌流,获取异常和正常状态下的电流变化情况。分析谐波励磁原理对定子电流的特殊要求,在矢量六边形SVPWM调制的基础上研究三次谐波注入的调制策略,同时引入比例谐振控制完成小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制。仿真结果表明,所提方法具有良好的自动控制性能,上述方法控制下小功率柴油发电机中的谐波含有率得到明显改善。

基于数字孪生模型的数字化电网能耗自动监测系统研究

当前使用的数字化电网中,存在感知终端种类较多,对于传统的能耗自动监测系统来说获取的数据传输实时性不足,导致监测结果出现偏差,为此设计一种基于数字孪生模型的数字化电网能耗自动监测系统。系统主要从硬件和软件两方面进行设计:在硬件设计中,根据不同的应用层次,设计系统的总体架构。主要对硬件中的无线通信网络进行搭建,选择基于LoRa无线通信技术的RTU设备作为通信主体。设计LoRa无线开关电路,实现ZigBee设备之间的无线数据传输和交换;软件设计中,设计能耗数据采集主线程,分析数字孪生模型映射交互关系,基于数字孪生模型与实际运行工况之间的映射关系实现能耗指标实时监测。实验结果表明,与传统系统相比,设计得到的检测结果与实际的能耗情况更加相符。

大型风电腰荷接入的主网安全调度方法

风功率波动性大,日前预测准确性较差,导致大型风电消纳与电网安全鲁棒性的矛盾。提出一种风电“腰荷”出力接入的自动调频调度方法,以减少弃风量且提高风电功率大幅波动下的主网在线安全性。首先,为提高日前风功率神经网络预测的收敛性,提出时序矩阵奇异值分解的多样本数据预处理方法;其次,为得到与日前风功率预测相关的腰荷出力计划曲线,采用多项式回归拟合及基准功率偏差,得到相关性较大的光滑曲线;然后,为减小在线风功率骤减导致的频率偏差,设定调频机组自动调频的“启动”曲线族;最后,为保持自动调频后主网有功潮流分布合理并提高功角安全性,采用等效功角最小的优化模型,得到各调频机组出力增量的最优分配方案。算例验证该调度方法的可行性,对减少大型风电的弃风并提高电网安全运行水平具有理论和实际意义。

基于数据驱动的配电网无功优化

传统无功电压控制由于分布式电源、储能以及柔性负荷的接入面临计算速度和精度上的挑战。该文提出了一种基于数据驱动的配电网无功电压优化方法,通过跟踪实际系统的运行参数,实现无功电压的主动控制。在极限学习机中引入自动编码器构建深度学习机制,利用自动编码器建立极限学习机输入-输出的直接耦合关系,实现无监督学习和有监督学习有机结合,缩短训练模型的迭代过程;利用蒙特卡洛法基于分布式电源、负荷预测信息构建配电网运行场景,利用深度极限学习机挖掘运行场景优化运行与无功调压设备状态间的内在联系,建立电网运行场景与系统无功调压策略的映射关系。该文提出的基于数据驱动的无功优化方法不依赖实际系统潮流计算,能够实现配电网运行状态的跟踪和无功调节设备的优化调度,为配电网无功电压的主动控制打下基础。

基于双阵元天线的ADS-B解交织投影算法

随着广播式自动相关监视(Automatic Dependent Surveil lance-Broadcast,ADS-B)技术的普及,交通密集区域内多条ADS-B信号的交织问题难以避免。为了降低设备成本并提高系统在低成本条件下的可用性,针对双阵元天线三条ADS-B信号交织问题,提出了双阵元天线投影算法。首先,上述方法基于频域插值理论与最小描述长度准则进行信源数估计;然后,采用功率倒置算法进行空域滤波,在未知信号波达方向的条件下抑制非期望信号,从而将双天线三信号的解交织问题转化为单天线双信号的解交织问题;最后,由虚拟多通道法扩维后,基于改进的投影算法分离交织信号。仿真验证了以上算法的有效性。

抽水蓄能电站厂用电系统备自投设计及实现

大中型水电站厂用电系统接线复杂,备自投动作逻辑也不简单,同时还需考虑两级备自投之间的动作配合。针对某抽水蓄能电站10 kV及0.4 kV厂用电系统备自投的设计原则、动作逻辑等方面开展了研究,提出两级厂用电系统备自投间的定值及动作时间配合方案,可以保证电站厂用电系统的安全可靠运行。

“电力电子技术基础”闭环型教学控制模型分析与实践

自动控制原理中的反馈闭环控制结构可以消除设定值与输出值之间的误差,使输出值跟随设定值或输入值。本文给出几种单闭环或双闭环反馈型教学控制结构,在与自动控制原理中反馈闭环控制结构进行对比分析后,分析了反馈型教学控制结构的工作原理,并给出了过去反馈型教学控制获得的经验,表明反馈型教学控制结构概念清晰,互操作性强,执行效率高,可扩展性强,易于推广应用。

基于ACE与YOLOv5的电力遥感图像检测算法

针对电力遥感图像采集时存在大量浓烟以及数据样本少等问题,提出一种基于对数变换的改进型自动色彩均衡与改进后YOLOv5s模型的遥感图像去雾检测算法,旨在通过提高数据集的图像质量进而提高检测网络的检测精度。构建的改进型自动色彩均衡对电力遥感图像去雾增强,并通过图像质量和特征提取两方面进行了实验数据对比,实验结果表明改进的自动色彩均衡算法优于其它算法。其次,通过YOLOv5s检测算法对增强后的数据集进行训练,引入mosaic数据增强算法,并通过构建ghost卷积模块和NAM注意力模块降低了网络参数、提升了网络检测精度。

GPS欺骗信号对变电站时间同步装置的干扰分析与测试

当前无人机诱骗设备发射的GPS欺骗信号对变电站自动化系统的安全问题尚未明晰。为此提出了一种全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)欺骗信号对变电站时间同步装置的干扰评测方法,理论分析了GPS欺骗信号对变电站时间同步装置的影响。测量了无人机诱骗设备在不同发射功率下的欺骗信号功率强度及电场强度空间分布,实验验证了GPS欺骗信号对时间同步装置接收卫星质量与授时精度的影响,分析了无人机诱骗设备的发射功率以及其与时间同步装置GPS/北斗卫星导航系统(Bei-Dou system BDS)接收天线间的距离对授时精度的影响规律。结果表明:时间同步装置天线距离无人机诱骗设备10 m以外,GPS诱骗信号不会使时间同步装置进入守时状态;时间同步装置天线距离无人机诱骗设备60 m以上,GPS诱骗信号对时间同步装置的影响可忽略不计,为变电站安全稳定运行提供了参考依据。

基于XGBoost-Bin自动功率极限计算的风电机组健康性能评估及预测

针对数据量较大情形下风电机组健康性能评估区域难划分、健康性能预测精度低等问题,提出基于XGBoost-Bin的自动功率曲线极限算法,建立考虑多数据特征的机组健康性能预测模型。提出一种基于XGBoost-Bin的曲线构建算法,获取表征风电机组运行状态的静态最优功率曲线;提出一种改进自动功率曲线极限计算的风电机组健康性能评估方法,以准确划分机组健康性能评估区域,并通过综合分析实际与理论静态最优功率曲线偏差、发电效能等指标评估机组健康性能;提出基于多数据特征广义回归神经网络的风电机组健康性能预测模型,以提升健康性能的预测精度。最后,以内蒙古塞罕坝风电场20台风电机组为例表明,与传统自动功率曲线极限计算方法相比,所提风电机组健康性能评估方法的评估准确度提升了0.1026,所提预测模型能够提升机组健康性能的预测精度,比传统随机森林预测模型R2提升了0.017。

可调谐激光器多闭环控制驱动系统设计

为满足可调谐激光器输出激光的高控制稳定性需求,设计并实现了应用于可调谐激光器的多闭环控制驱动系统。首先,为实现高稳定性电流驱动,基于深度负反馈控制原理设计了电流控制内环,并通过积分补偿和RC滤波回路削弱了噪声和电流波动对激光二极管(LD)的干扰;其次,为了防止恒定电流驱动下LD仍存在的功率衰减问题,利用积分电路和光功率二极管(PD)设计了功率控制内环,并应用仪表放大电路消除了环内共模噪声干扰并实现了线性控制;最后,为了实现驱动电流和输出功率的实时调节,应用位置式PID对系统进行外环控制,与内环共同构成了多闭环控制系统。实验结果表明,电流控制稳定度均优于200 ppm,功率控制稳定度优于0.005 dB/h,激光波长稳定度均优于1 pm/h,能够满足可调谐激光器的高控制稳定性需求。