Design and Application of the Automatic Monitoring System for Wastewater Source in Shandong Province

In order to realize real-time online monitoring of the wastewater source enterprises,manage and issue monitoring information,this paper comprehensively uses automatic control,embedded data acquisition and transmission,distributed computing and data processing,geographic information system,etc.to develop automatic monitoring system of the wastewater source in Shandong Province.This system incorporates automatic monitoring information acquisition,transmission and daily work as an organic whole.The system realizes not only the continuous online monitoring of wastewater source enterprise,but also the deep excavation and utilization on monitoring information.It provides scientific and objective basis for energy saving,consumption reduction,carbon emission reduction,total amount control and other environmental management works,and meets the requirements of environmental management and related departments to wastewater source management.

Reviews on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Monitoring Techniques and Methods

Farmland nutrient loss has become one of the main reason causing agri- cultural nonpoint source pollution and water nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring techniques and methods are very important in agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. This paper reviews the various monitoring techniques of agricultural non-point source pollution, including runoff pollutant monitoring, leaching pollutant monitoring and on-line monitoring. The runoff pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included artificial simulation of rain- fall runoff method, flow meter method, weir method and volumetric method. The leaching pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included leaching plate method, leaching gutter method, leakage pooling method, pumping filter pipe method and simulating soil column method. Although online monitoring of farmland nutrient loss still exists some technical bottlenecks and economic limitations, it is the future di- rection of development.

Identification of Contaminant Source Characteristics and Monitoring Network Design in Groundwater Aquifers: An Overview

The groundwater system is often polluted by different sources of contamination where the sources are difficult to detect. The presence of contamination in groundwater poses significant challenges to its delineation and quantification. The remediation of a contaminated site requires an optimal decision making system to identify the pollutant source characteristics accurately and efficiently. The source characteristics are generally identified using contaminant concentration measurements from arbitrary or planned monitoring locations. To effectively characterize the sources of pollution, the monitoring locations should be selected appropriately. An efficient monitoring network will result in satisfactory characterization of contaminant sources. On the other hand, an appropriate design of monitoring network requires reliable source characteristics. A coupled iterative sequential source identification and dynamic monitoring network design, improves substantially the accuracy of source identification model. This paper reviews different source identification and monitoring network design methods in groundwater contaminant sites. Further, the models for sequential integration of these two models are presented. The effective integration of source identification and dedicated monitoring network design models, distributed sources, parameter uncertainty, and pollutant geo-chemistry are some of the issues which need to be addressed in efficient, accurate and widely applicable methodologies for identification of unknown pollutant sources in contaminated aquifers.

Research progress of heavy metal pollution in China:Sources,analytical methods,status,and toxicity

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in China and a large number of people are threatened by heavy metal pollution.Extensive damage to human organs,such as liver,kidney,digestion system,and nervous system can be caused by uptake of excess heavy metals.Heavy metals in the environment can originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources.Although contamination of heavy metals has been known to be a severe environmental problem for decades,it is still getting worse in recent years and there are few feasible approaches to resolve this problem.Due to their high toxicity,prevalent existence and persistence in the environment,lead(Pb),mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr) and arsenic(As) are commonly considered as the priority heavy metals which should be concerned and their emission should be controlled in China.This paper reviewed the pollution of heavy metals in China,focusing on the following four aspects:current status of heavy metal pollution in China,sources of heavy metals in China,toxicity and potential risk,and possible reduction strategies.

Outdoor Air Pollutants and the Impact on Public Health

The demands of increasing population coupled with the desire of most people for a higher material standard of living are resulting in worldwide increasing pollution on a massive scale. In some cases, pollution is a clear-cut phenomenon （e.g., emissions from an old industrial plant）. Sometimes it is difficult to be identified （e.g., microbial pollution） and in others lies largely in the eyes of the beholder （e.g., noise pollution）. Outdoor air pollutants are contaminants which are present in the ambient air and have detrimental effects on human health or upon its environment. The aim of this literature review study is the comprehensive presentation of the major pollutants, which are commonly determined in studies in urban environment, as well as emerging pollutants with important impact in human health. The sources, the sampling and monitoring methods of these pollutants are discussed. In addition, this study contains critical up to date legislation issues concerning environmental pollution coming from these contaminants and, finally, their impact on public health.

基于径流事件的农业面源监测采样间隔分析

选择丹江口库区的五龙池小流域为对象,以典型降雨径流事件的水质水量加密监测数据作为径流过程真实值,通过不同时间间隔和水量间隔模拟采样,分析污染负荷通量估算误差,并确定有效采样间隔.结果显示,五龙池小流域降雨径流事件具有明显的峰值特征(初始流量55m^(3)/h,峰值流量977.3m^(3)/h),TP浓度与径流高度同步(初始浓度为0.05mg/L,峰值浓度为0.25mg/L),TN随径流达到峰值后下降不明显(初始浓度为2mg/L,峰值浓度为8mg/L).模拟采样表明,时间间隔5,10,15,20,30,60,120,240,480,720min,采样点数量从1957个减少到14个;水量间隔16,32,64,128,256,384,576,800,1600,3200m^(3),采样点数量从2893个减少到14个;水量间隔采样对径流峰值的捕捉能力明显高于时间间隔采样.负荷估算误差显示,TP误差波动大于TN;以±5%作为允许的误差范围,降雨径流事件采样监测的有效时间间隔为120min,有效水量间隔为1600m^(3).

平原河网地区典型旱地面源污染排放系数时间变化特征及影响因素研究

【目的】探明平原河网地区典型旱地离田排放系数的变化特征,为农业面源污染监测管理提供参考。【方法】以上海市崇明岛某典型旱地为研究对象,通过构建水文-水质协同监测系统,对旱地面源污染排放系数进行测算,明确排放系数的时间变化特征,分析排放系数的影响因素。【结果】日尺度下,氮、磷的离田排放系数变化范围分别为2.2~9843.9、0.08~667.0 g/(hm^(2)·d);月尺度下,氮、磷离田排放系数变化范围分别为0.02~17.2、0.001~1.04kg/(hm^(2)·m)。在降水产流事件中,氮离田排放系数与降水历时呈极显著正相关,磷离田排放系数与产流事件的总降水量、平均降水强度、最大小时降水强度极显著正相关。施肥后,氮日排放系数迅速增大,磷日排放系数无明显变化。各时间尺度下,氮排放系数与地表径流不存在显著相关性,磷排放系数与地表径流极显著正相关。【结论】氮、磷离田排放系数的日、月际变化幅度较大,氮离田排放系数易受施肥措施影响,磷离田排放系数则更易受降水和地表径流的影响。

基于自动监测网络的湘江流域衡阳段铊污染原因分析

运用自动监测网络与实验室验证相结合的手段,通过测定湘江流域衡阳段干流与支流铊浓度,分析铊浓度与溶解氧含量、氨氮浓度及叶绿素a浓度等水质指标的关系,进而对湘江流域衡阳段铊污染进行原因分析。结果表明,2021年8月上旬,湘江流域衡阳段干流铊污染的来源主要为多支流污染汇入。其中,松木下游断面铊污染极有可能来源于支流上游企业排放,江东水厂断面铊浓度异常的原因主要为溶解氧降低、死藻富集。该案例可为我国铊污染应急监测及污染原因分析提供借鉴。

VOCs走航与固定源监控联动的大气臭氧污染溯源分析与反演

提出基于在线监测系统与挥发性有机物(VOCs)走航车联动的方法,实现快速响应、协同有效的大气O_(3)-VOCs溯源监管.首先通过固定源在线监控系统实时、快速判定污染源头,缩小排查范围;然后利用装载便携式气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的移动走航车对重点区域进行VOCs走航监测,并对发现的总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)高值点进行成分解析,判定VOCs来源;最后通过关联匹配基于时间修正后的固定源在线监控和空气站O_(3)数据,建立污染过程反演,固定污染溯源证据链.所提方法能实现污染精准溯源,快速确定问题区域和问题企业,尤其适用于O_(3)短时突变的污染源快速诊断,是区域O_(3)-VOCs精细化管控的行之有效手段.

Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone： Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

Particulate matter （PM} in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecast-warning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and 16 trace elements in the PM2.5 section （Ca, Pb, Cu, C1, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba） are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic, combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%, respectively. Prediction ofptume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM20 pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven＇t captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.

江苏省船舶污染对饮用水源地的影响及对策研究

通过分析污染物来源以及污染物对饮用水源地可能造成的影响,总结当前监测与管理措施的有效性,并提出未来的研究方向和可能的解决方案。旨在通过实地调查与数据总结,为大众提供一个全方位的视角,并为江苏省乃至全国的船舶污染防治工作提供参考。

Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

Emissions from mobile sources and stationary sources contribute to atmospheric pollution in China,and its components,which include ultrafine particles(UFPs),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and other reactive gases,such as NH3and NOx,are the most harmful to human health.China has released various regulations and standards to address pollution from mobile and stationary sources.Thus,it is urgent to develop online monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions.This study provides an overview of the main progress in mobile and stationary source monitoring technology in China and describes the comprehensive application of some typical instruments in vital areas in recent years.These instruments have been applied to monitor emissions from motor vehicles,ships,airports,the chemical industry,and electric power generation.Not only has the level of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment been improving,but relevant regulations and standards have also been constantly updated.Meanwhile,the developed instruments can provide scientific assistance for the successful implementation of regulations.According to the potential problem areas in atmospheric pollution in China,some research hotspots and future trends of atmospheric online monitoring technology are summarized.Furthermore,more advanced atmospheric online monitoring technology will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric pollution and improve environmental monitoring capacity.

中波广播发射台“无人值守”系统的设计与实现

本文利用先进监测设备与科学管理理念,结合技术应用,实现无人干预的自动化监控系统,涵盖信源与发射机,高效确保发射台安全播出。

离子色谱技术在地下水污染源水质监测中的应用

目的由于现行技术在地下水污染源水质监测中应用效果不佳,污染物回收率较低,而且相对标准偏差(RSD)比较高,针对线性方法存在的缺陷,提出本研究技术在地下水污染源水质监测中的应用。方法使用自动取样装置在地下水污染源上游采集水样并过滤。通过对各污染物标准溶液进行稀释,配制标准工作溶液,利用离心器对水样进行离心处理,利用离子色谱仪检测水样,根据标准工作曲线识别污染物以及生成对应的离子色谱图,根据污染物离子含量计算质量浓度,以此完成基于离子色谱技术的地下水污染源水质监测。结果本研究技术污染物回收率在90%以上,RSD值低于0.1。结论本研究技术在地下水污染源水质监测中具有良好的适应性与可靠性。

利用DCS系统网络实现炼化企业固定污染源在线监测数据上传

针对炼化企业污染排放特点及环保监管需求,本文重点介绍如何利用DCS系统网络实现固定污染源在线监测数据上传,并对在线监测在实际运用中平台数据显示离线等故障现象进行解析。

Variations in traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Kanazawa, Japan, after the implementation of a new vehicle emission regulation

A three-year sampling campaign was conducted at a roadside air pollution monitoring station in the urban area of Kanazawa, Japan. Due to a new emission regulation, PAHs levels decreased over the sampling campaign, exhibiting values of 706 ± 413 pg/m^(3) in 2017, 559 ±384 pg/m^(3) in 2018, and 473 ± 234 pg/m^(3) in 2019. In each year, similar seasonal variations in PAHs levels were observed, with higher levels observed in winter and lower levels in summer. Among the PAHs isomer ratios, we observed that the ratio of benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF) and benzo[k]fluoranthene(BkF), [Bb F]/([BbF] + [BkF]), and the ratio of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IDP) and benzo[ghi]perylene(BgPe), [IDP]/([BgPe] + [IDP]), showed stability over the sampling campaign and were less affected by the new emission regulation, seasonal variations, and regional characteristics. When using the combined ratio ranges of 0.66-0.80([Bb F]/[BbF] + [BkF]) and 0.26-0.49([IDP]/[Bg Pe] + [IDP]), traffic emissions were clearly distinguished from other PAHs emission sources. Principal component analysis(PCA) and positive matrix factorization(PMF) were also performed to further analyse the characteristics of traffic-related PAHs. Overall, this study affirmed the effectiveness of the new emission regulation in the reduction of PAHs emissions and provided a combined range for identifying PAHs traffic emission sources.

基于在线监测的龙溪河水质时空特征及成因分析

根据2019-2023年龙溪河水质自动监测数据,对龙溪河水质时空变化情况进行分析。结果表明:龙溪河入境水质对泸州段水质影响较大;结合Spearman秩相关系数分析发现,龙溪河入境断面的总磷和高锰酸盐指数整体呈升高趋势,而在泸州段均出现不同程度改善。龙溪河沿岸农业源、生活源较多,加之枯水期流量小、流速慢,导致龙溪河枯水期出现了富营养化现象,致使污染物富集和水质恶化。基于此,从强化区域联防联控、水域岸线管理保护、实施污染防治措施三方面提出了综合提升龙溪河水质的建议。

环境监测技术与方法的前沿应用研究

随着工业化和城市化的不断推进,环境监测技术与方法在维护生态平衡和保障公共健康方面变得日益重要。本文综合分析了环境监测领域的前沿应用,聚焦于传感器技术与数据采集、气体分析与污染物检测、遥感技术应用、智能化监测系统、大数据与人工智能在环境监测中的应用,以及污染源追踪与溯源技术等方面,深入剖析了这些领域的最新进展,特别强调了大数据和人工智能的崭新应用,以及其在智能感知、实时决策、环境模型建立等方面的革命性作用。对环境监测技术的未来发展趋势、技术应用前景与社会效益,以及对环境监测的启示与建议进行展望,为更好地推动环境监测技术与方法的创新与发展提供全面而深刻的认知。

基于改进萤火虫群算法的大气污染源自动定位方法研究

由于传统污染源定位方法的定位结果严重偏离实际情况。因此,文章研究一种基于改进萤火虫群算法的大气污染源自动定位方法。为筛选大气污染监测点,计算空气污染指数并采集污染浓度数据。构建三维扩散模型以模拟预测污染浓度。基于实际监测与预测结果,构建目标函数,将污染源参数反演转为目标函数求解。改进萤火虫群算法,将固定步长改为动态,用于求解目标函数。最优解即为污染源定位结果。结果表明:所研究方法应用下,偏离度值相对更小,说明该方法的定位结果更接近真实结果,定位准确性高。

污染源自动监控系统在环境保护工作中的应用

污染源自动监控系统是环境保护领域的重要技术手段。基于某市的污染源自动监控系统运行数据,分析该系统在大气污染和水污染防治中的应用效果。结果表明,污染源自动监控系统能够有效监测主要污染物浓度变化趋势,识别污染事件并溯源,为环境管理决策提供科学依据。同时,探讨污染源自动监控系统在噪声污染、固体废物污染、土壤污染监控中的应用潜力。针对系统运行中存在的问题,提出了优化监测设备、加强数据质量控制和改进数据分析方法等建议,以进一步提高污染源自动监控系统在环境保护工作中的效能。